Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty cases of acute monoblastic leukemia are studied according to definite criterias: cytology, cytochemical staining, lysozyme production. The study points out the tumoral characters: hematodermy, gingivitis, central nervous system leukemia and the lack of important bone marrow incompetence. 47 per cent of complete remissions are obtained with daunorubicin, aracytin combination therapy. Other useful chemical agents, and prospects for maintenance therapy are discussed.
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PMID:[Acute monoblastic leukemia. Clinical and therapeutic aspects in 20 cases]. 107 Sep 28

The production of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) by the peripheral blood cells of untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was measured in the agar culture system using normal human bone marrow as the source of colony-forming units (CFUc). CSF production was found to be variable and was related to the morphologic subtype of AML--cells from patients with monocytic leukemia produced normal or large quantities of CSF, while (with one exception) those from patients with myeloblastic leukemia produced little or no CSF. There was a general relationship between CSF production and serum lysozyme levels. Attempts to demonstrate a consistent inhibitory effect exerted by leukemic peripheral blood cells on normal leukopoiesis in vitro were negative. Results instead suggested that the addition to the feeder layer of cells from patients with monocytic leukemia could raise CSF levels above those obtained with normal peripheral blood leukocytes alone, possibly by recruiting additional CFUc from normal marrow.
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PMID:Production of colony-stimulating factor by leukemic leukocytes. 108 79

A human cell line established in culture from a histiocytic lymphoma patient synthesizes and secretes the monocyte-granulocyte specific enzyme lysozyme. 18 other human cell lines with characteristics of T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, Burkitt's lymphoma, non-Burkitt's lymphoma, myeloma, and bone marrow epithelial cells were not associated with lysozyme. Among murine cell lines, lysozyme was produced by (a) three histiocytic lymphoma or macrophage lines, which mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis and cytolysis; (b) myelomonocytic leukemia line which also secretes myeloid colony-stimulating factor; and (c) a spontaneous lymphoma and an Abelson leukemia virus-induced lymphoma. Lysozyme-negative lines include another Abelson lymphoma, myelomas, T lymphomas, and mastocytoma.
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PMID:Lysozyme synthesis by established human and murine histiocytic lymphoma cell lines. 108 90

A 32-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with pyrexia and general lymphadenopathy in July 1984. She was diagnosed as having malignant lymphoma (follicular, small cleaved cell), stage IV based on the histological findings of lymph nodes in the neck and bone marrow specimen. She was treated with melphalan orally for 3 years, followed by MACOP-B. She attained partial remission with MACOP-B. Thereafter, she received melphalan or Endoxan orally as maintenance therapy. She developed fever and swelling in the gingivae in October 1989. Peripheral blood showed WBC 80,200/microliters with 7.5% myeloblasts and 85.5% monocytes. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hypercellularity with 47.9% myeloblasts, 46.5% monoblasts and monocytes, which were positive for peroxidase and NSE stains. The karyotype of bone marrow cells showed a 46,XX,t(9;11). The lysozyme in serum was elevated. She was diagnosed having AML (M4). DCMP regimen was initiated but failed to achieve CR. Consequently she received MEC regimen and obtained complete remission, lasting for 6 months. Patients with second leukemia have a low probability of achieving complete remission using conventional chemotherapy. The MEC regimen is thought to be one of the most promising treatments for secondary leukemia.
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PMID:[Complete remission with MEC regimen of acute myeloid leukemia (M4) secondary to 5-year treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma]. 128 92

A rare case of spinal epidural granulocytic sarcoma (GS) preceding acute myelogenous leukemia is described. A 10-year-old boy presented with lower leg weakness. The initial diagnosis was a histiocytic lymphoma, and he was treated accordingly. No evidence of bone marrow involvement was found at that time. The correct diagnosis of epidural GS was made possible in retrospect by using immunoperoxidase staining for lysozyme fourteen months later when the patient showed the full-blown features of leukemia. This rare tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an epidural mass with cord compression in patients with or even without acute leukemia, because early diagnosis followed by appropriate combined chemotherapy and radiation may obviate surgical intervention and eventually prevent leukemic transformation.
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PMID:Spinal epidural granulocytic sarcoma preceding acute myelogenous leukemia. 128 31

A grave prognosis is usually associated with leukemic skin infiltrates (leukemia cutis). However, some leukemic skin infiltrates are clinically similar to reactive non-leukemic infiltrates in patients with leukemia; thus it is of great importance to distinguish them. Fifty-four cases which were thought clinically to be leukemia cutis underwent immunophenotyping with a panel of nine T, B, monocytic, and macrophage markers using paraffin sections. Immunohistochemistry helped identify 44 cases with leukemia cutis and 10 with reactive infiltrates. In all cases of leukemia cutis, the staining patterns of skin infiltrates were concordant with cell type in the bone marrow. Furthermore, the panel of markers was usually helpful in distinguishing reactive from leukemia infiltrates, especially in cases with chronic lymphatic leukemia. Immunohistochemistry is a valuable adjunct in histopathologic differentiation of skin infiltrates in most cases of leukemia. With formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies, we recommend that CD45 (LCA), CD45RO (UCHL-1), CD3, CD20 (L-26), CD43 (Leu-22), CD68 (KP-1), lysozyme, and chloroacetate esterase be considered in cases of systemic leukemia with cutaneous papules and nodules that prove difficult to interpret with routine section.
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PMID:Value of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of leukemia cutis: study of 54 cases using paraffin-section markers. 138 98

Serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin (S-B2m) were analysed at diagnosis in 69 cases of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) as a possible prognostic indicator. S-B2m was correlated to various clinical and laboratory features and with respect to response to chemotherapy and following clinical outcome. S-B2m was found to be increased (greater than 3 mg/l) in 40.6% of tested patients and, in particular, in the monocytic variants (M4, M5) of AML (4.2 versus 2.3 mg/l, p less than 0.01). S-B-B2m values paralleled white blood cell count, serum lysozyme levels and expression of monocytic membrane markers at presentation, but no correlation was found with age, renal function or immunological myeloid antigens. Increased levels of S-B2m were associated with a lower likelihood of obtaining a complete remission (25 versus 58.5%, p less than 0.01), while in the multivariate analysis S-B2m greater than 3 mg/l and white blood cell count greater than 20 x 10(9)/l were independent variables significantly influencing disease-free survival in responsive patients (five years DFS for S-B2m greater than or less than 3 mg/l: 28 versus 62%, p less than 0.05). In conclusion, the measurement of S-B2m at diagnosis may have prognostic relevance in AML.
Leukemia 1992 Oct
PMID:Prognostic relevance of serum beta 2-microglobulin in acute myeloid leukemia. 140 62

Mouse monocytic leukemia Mm cells are a line of spontaneously differentiated cells obtained from mouse myeloblastic leukemia M1 cells. The effect of interleukin 4(IL-4) on the proliferation of Mm cells in the presence or absence of growth inhibitory substances was investigated. In semi-solid agar culture, IL-4 markedly inhibited colony formation by Mm cells, reducing the number of colonies to 50% of that in control cultures at concentration of 3 U/ml. In contrast, IL-4 did not inhibit colony formation by the parent M1 cells. In liquid culture, IL-4 alone inhibited the proliferation of Mm cells only slightly. However, a combination of IL-4 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), which alone did not inhibit growth significantly, markedly inhibited the growth of Mm cells. This combination also increased the lysozyme activity of Mm cells significantly. On the other hand, IL-4 suppressed the antiproliferative effects of interferon alpha, beta and IL-6, which are growth inhibitory cytokines for these Mm cells. These results indicate that IL-4 can modulate the growth of monocytic leukemia Mm cells and that its modulatory effects depend on growth inhibitory substances.
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PMID:Interleukin 4 potentiates the antiproliferative effect of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mouse monocytic leukemia cells but antagonizes the antiproliferative effects of interferon alpha, beta and interleukin 6. 146 28

According to criteria established by the French-American-British (FAB) classification, a diagnosis of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia (FAB M4) is based on the presence of 20% bone marrow monocytes or a serum lysozyme level that exceeds the reference value by three times. Reported here is a case of acute myelogenous leukemia with eosinophilia and a cytogenetic inversion of chromosome 16 (inv 16) that lacks morphologic, cytochemical, and immunophenotypic features of monocytic differentiation, but which is associated with an elevated serum lysozyme value. The authors used an immunoelectron microscope to localize lysozyme to both normal and abnormal eosinophil granules, in addition to the secondary granules of myeloid precursors and monocytes. This enzyme could not be demonstrated within the myeloblasts of the patient studied. Postfixation with osmium tetroxide greatly reduced the staining intensity within the crystalloids of normal eosinophils, but only minimally affected that of monocytes, neutrophils, normal eosinophil granule matrix, and the abnormal granules of the leukemic eosinophils. These results demonstrate that lysozyme is present in both normal and leukemic eosinophils and that elevation of serum lysozyme in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia with eosinophilia is not a reliable indicator of monocytic differentiation. Furthermore, an occasional case of acute leukemia with inv 16 is classifiable as acute myelogenous leukemia with differentiation (FAB M2).
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PMID:The significance of an elevated serum lysozyme value in acute myelogenous leukemia with eosinophilia. 154 87

The knowledge about the differentiation of basophilic leukocytes is fragmentary. This report discusses a detailed phenotypic characterization of molecular markers for hematopoietic differentiation in a basophilic leukemia cell line, KU812. The expression of markers for lymphoid, erythroid, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocytic, megakaryocytic, mast cell and basophil differentiation was analyzed at the mRNA level by Northern blots in the KU812 cells, and for reference, in a panel of human cell lines representative of the different hematopoietic differentiation lineages. KU812 was found to express a number of mast cell and basophil-related proteins, i.e. mast cell tryptase, mast cell carboxypeptidase A, high-affinity immunoglobulin (IgE) receptor alpha and gamma chains and the core protein for heparin and chondroitin sulphate synthesis. We found no expression of a number of monocyte/-macrophage or neutrophil leukocyte markers except for lysozyme. From earlier studies, it has been shown that lysozyme is not expressed in murine mucosal mast cell lines. This finding, together with the expression of the mast cell carboxypeptidase in KU812 might distinguish the phenotype of this cell line from that typical of mucosal mast cell lines in rodents. We found a low level of expression of the eosinophil and basophil marker, major basic protein, which might indicate a relationship between basophils and eosinophils. No expression is, however, detected with the eosinophil-specific markers eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin or eosinophil peroxidase. We also report an extensive screening for inducers of basophilic differentiation of the KU812 cells. The most efficient protocol of induction included serum starvation which led to a dramatic increase in a number of markers specific for mast cells and basophils such as tryptase, carboxypeptidase A and the heparin core protein. Finally, diisopropylfluorophosphate analysis of total protein extracts from KU812 show four labeled protein bands with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that this cell line expresses at least three previously undescribed serine proteases of which one or more could be a potential basophil-specific marker(s).
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PMID:Phenotypic characterization of KU812, a cell line identified as an immature human basophilic leukocyte. 163 3


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