Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To see whether urine enzyme activities could be used as an index in evaluating the disease status of leukemia patients, we examined the activities of four enzymes: arylsulfatases A(AS-A) and B(AS-B), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). AP and LDH showed no consistent patterns. The activities of AS-A and AS-B correlated well with the patient's clinical status, increasing during progression of disease and decreasing toward normal activities during responses to therapy, as judged from bone marrow cellularity and differential. Among 23 untreated patients with a histologic diagnosis of acute leukemia we found increased activities of the urine enzymes in these proportions: AS-A in 23 patients (100%), AS-B in 22 (95.7%), AP in 7 (30.4%), and LDH in 10 (43.5%). Five patients in remission from acute leukemia had normal activities for all four enzymes. In one patient in remission for more than one year, a rise in urinary arylsulfatase activity preceded observable bone marrow relapse by 4 months. Unlike that of serum of urine lysozyme and serum copper, the determination of urine arylsulfatase activities appears to be a consistent, useful indicator of response to antileukemic therapy. In contrast to the determination of polyamines, the quantitation of arylsulfatase activity is achieved with greater ease and with instrumentation available in most clinical laboratories.
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PMID:A noninvasive technique for monitoring response to chemotherapy in human acute leukemia. 3

Five cases of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (A.P.L.) are investigated for peroxidase, PAS, toluidine blue, astra blue, alpha-naphthyl esterase, double esterase incubation (naphthol-AS plus naphthol-AS-D chloroesterase), and cellular lysozyme activity. These cytochemical investigations may contribute further characterization of the morphologic type.
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PMID:Cytochemical study of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. 4 71

A transplantable myelogenous leukemia of an inbred Wistar/Furth rat has been established in tissue culture and cloned. The resulting transplantable leukemia line demonstrates in vitro doubling time of 20 hr, colony-forming efficiency of 5% in liquid and methylcellulos-containing medium, and a saturation density of 3.0 x 106 cells/sq cm in liquid medium. Following intraperitoneal inoculation, newborn rats developed solid tumors, ascities, and leukemia with ld50 of5 x 103 cells and mean latency of 60 days. The tumor cell morphology was consistent with that of acute myelogenous leukemia. Histochemical staining for myeloid enzymes revealed no evidence of myeloperoxidase, esterase, or leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; however, fluorescent antibody staining for lysozyme was markedly positive. Serum, urine, and ascitic fluid from rats with transplanted leukemia also contained elevated levels of lysozyme. There was no detectable type-CRNA virus production by this cell line after as long as 100 days in vitro. This inbred rat myelogenous leukemia should provide a useful model for studies of chemotherapy and immunoltherapy of human acute myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia of the Wistar/Furth rat: establishment of a continuous tissue culture line producing lysozyme in vitro and in vivo. 4 87

Pre-treatment sera from 88 adult patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia have been assayed for their lysozyme content. All 19 patients who presented with a serum-lysozyme level below 15 mug/ml failed to acheive haematological remission from intensive chemotherapy. Serum-lysozyme levels above 85 mug/ml were found in 10 patients, all of whom went into remission. Remissions in this group were, however, shortlived. Of the 59 patients with lysozyme levels between 15 and 85 mug/ml, 39 achieved haematological remission and 12 survived longer than 60 weeks. These findings suggest that estimation of serum-lysozyme may help to identify those patients who are unlikely to respond to the intensive-chemotherapy protocols currently advocated and who could therefore be spared exposure to them.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of serum lysozyme in adult acute myelogenous leukaemia. 5 52

The amount of lysozyme in the leukocytes of 47 patients with different forms of leukaemia and 6 healthy persons was investigated. The lysozyme determination was carried out in the lysate of isolated leukocytes obtained after freezing and thawing it seven times. The results expressed in microgram per 10(6) cells were compared with the simultaneously determined lysozyme concentration of serum and urine. A substantial reduction of the lysozyme amount as compared with the normal value (3.1 microgram/10(6) cells) was determined in the leukocytes of patients suffering from chronic lymphatic leukaemia, acute lymphatic leukaemia and the blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia. Different amounts of lysozyme ranging from extremely low ones to strongly elevated ones were found in leukocytes taken from patients with acute myeloblastic and chronic monocytic leukaemia. In many cases there was a lack of correlation between the lysozyme content of leukocytes on the one hand and that of serum and urine on the other hand. Possible causes underlying this lack of correlation are discussed.
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PMID:[Leukocyte lysozymes in various forms of leukemia]. 6 68

The purified chromatin of leukocyte nuclei from two patients, one with chronic granulocytic and another with acute myelomonocytic leukemia, has been investigated for lysozyme activity. The chromatin contained 4.8% resp. 4% of the total amount of lysozyme found in the leukocytes. The function of lysozyme in the nucleus remains unclear.
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PMID:On the presence of lysozyme in the Nuclei of Leukocytes. 7 8

Cationic lysosomal proteins such as cationic leukocyte antigen (CLA) and lysozyme were estimated in leukocyte lysates of acute and chronic leukaemics using quantitative enzymatic and immunoprecipitation techniques. The studies demonstrate that both lysosomal conponents are markers of non-lymphatic leukaemias. Therefore the determination of CLA and lysozyme is valuable for the differential diagnosis of acute leukaemias. The intracellular cationic protein contents showed characteristic kinetic variations as showing during X-irradiation of the spleen in cases of chronic myelocytic leukaemia. White cells in leukocytosis could be distinguished from normals by remarkably low cationic protein contents in leukocyte lysates. The results are interpreted in the light of current results revealed by immunofluorescent analyses.
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PMID:[Quantitative estimation of cationic leukocyte antigen (cla) and lysozyme in leukaemic leukocytes (author's transl)]. 7 85

Blood lysozyme estimation seems to be important in hematological practice. Serum levels are roughly proportional to the size of the pool and, above all, granulocytic renewal. Thus levels are increased compared with levels of circulating polynuclear cells. In bone marrow disorders, and particularly in myelofibrosis, owing to the infective granulopoiesis and/or increased destruction of the neutrophil polymorphs. It is lowered in neutropenia with a scanty bone marrow. It provides an important contribution to diagnosis of the type of acute leukemia, the fall in the lymphoblastic forms contrast with normal or increased levels in myeloblastic forms. Finally, there is a marked increase in lysosome urea in acute monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia.
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PMID:[Lysozyme in hematologic diseases]. 16 45

The ingestion, bactericidal activity and metabolism of isolated mature neutrophil leucocytes during phagocytosis was studied in 17 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. Seven patients had received no treatment and the others had been treated previously with Busulphan. The phagocytic indices for killed yeast cells did not differ from those of the controls. A diminished bactericidal activity against E. coli was found in nine CGL cases. The bactericidal capacity closely correlated with the degree of leucocytosis since patients with a WBC count of 90 000/mul or higher with one exception showed decreased bactericidal activities while patients with WBC counts below 90 000/mul with two exceptions showed normal bactericidal activities. The [I-14C]-glucose oxidation during phagocytosis was increased in four patients and decreased in three patients. Some correlation was found between abnormally high or low [I-14C]glucose oxidation and diminished bactericidal activity. The intracellular iodination reaction during phagocytosis was decreased in 10 cases while the extracellular iodination was increased in six cases and decreased in one case. The data for granulocyte iodination did not correlate with WBC count, bactericidal capacity or [I-14C]glucose oxidation. The time course for the bactericidal activity and granulocyte iodination seemed to deviate from the controls indicating a slow initial ingestion and/or degranulation phase. The CGL granulocyte content of myeloperoxidase was normal or increased, the lysozyme content was decreased in half of the cases while the amount of antibacterial cationic proteins was increased, normal or low. The present findings indicate a variety of abnormalities in the mature CGL granulocyte, which are not closely interrelated.
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PMID:Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. I. Bactericidal and metabolic capabilities during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes. 17 9

An in vitro hematopoietic microenvironment was established from explained fragments of bone marrow from adult noninbred NIH Swiss mice with the use of corticosteroid-reconstituted horse serum. Infection with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV) with either a Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) or Balb:virus-1 helper virus coat reduced proliferation of granulocytic and pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and produced neoplastic transformation of both macrophages and preadipocytes in the adherent cell population within a 4-week period. Ki-MuSV-transformed, virus-releasing macrophages formed clusters of 4-49 cells in 0.8% methylcellulose-containing medium in the absence of added colony-stimulating factor (CSF), synthesized lysozyme, ASD-chloroacetate substrate-specific esterase-M, and CSF, and produced tumors following inoculation iv into adult NIH Swiss mice or ip into newborn NIH Swiss mice. In cultures infected with helper leukemia viruses R-MuLV or Balb:virus-1, gradual transformation of a distinct cell phenotype was observed over a 9-week period with generation of increasing numbers of atypical myeloblasts and promyelocytes which showed dyssynchronous nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation, basophilic granulation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and formation of incompletely maturing CSF-dependent granulocyte-macrophage colonies in vitro and small spleen colonies in vivo. These data demonstrated that rapid biologic expression of the murine sarcoma virus genome in specific adherent "stromal" marrow cells prevents detection of a more subtle helper-virus-induced dysmyelopoiesis in a distinct nonadherent cell population.
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PMID:Phenotypically distinct target cells for murine sarcoma virus and murine leukemia virus marrow transformation in vitro. 21 35


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