Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunohistochemical study on 26 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) using several leukocyte antibodies in addition to traditionally used markers (S-100 protein and peanut agglutinin) revealed that the proliferating cells of LCH expressed UCHL1, MT1 as well as classically known positivity for S-100 protein, HLA-DR and peanut agglutinin but were negative for OPD4. In comparison to S-100 protein peanut agglutinin (PNA) using a two stage method produced weaker staining and positively stained cells were sparse. Also in this study, a small proportion of proliferating cells in LCH was observed to be reactive for both myeloid/macrophage antigens (KPI, MAC 387 and lysozyme) and Langerhans cell marker (S-100 protein), verifying the existence of a hybrid form of histiocytes.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on antigenic phenotype of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 128 18

Villous stromal cells (VSC) play an important role in fetomaternal placental immune function. We studied the phenotype of VSC in infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and syphilis as well as nonspecific villitis and compared the findings with gestational age-matched controls. Monoclonal antibodies directed against total leukocytes, T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes and HLA-DR as well as polyclonal antibodies against S-100, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme were used. In controls, the immunocytochemical response for each marker was either negative or weakly positive. In contrast, the VSC in CMV-infected and nonspecific villitis showed intense reactivity to various macrophage markers. In syphilis, reactivity with macrophage markers such as lysozyme and MAC387 were weaker, and reactivity to HLA-DR and S-100 was much stronger. Endothelial cells strongly expressed the monocyte/granulocyte marker CD15 in the diseased states, especially in syphilis, relative to controls. We conclude that the phenotype of VSC is altered in disease states and that the changes are dependent to some degree on the specific subset of chronic villitis.
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PMID:Phenotype of villous stromal cells in placentas with cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and nonspecific villitis. 132 17

Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies performed in only a few cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphoadenopathy (SHML) indicated that SHML cells belong to the macrophage--histiocyte system, though their exact origin is still uncertain. We analyzed the morphological, antigenic and enzymatic characteristics of the histiocyte-like cells in one paediatric case of SHML (also named Rosai-Dorfman disease). The SHML cells expressed the S-100 protein, lectins concanavalin A, peanut agglutinin and monocyte-macrophage related antigens CD 11c, CD 14, CD 33, CD 68 and LN 5. Reactivity with other anti-macrophage antibodies (MAC387, lysozyme, alpha-1 anti-chymotrypsin) was variable. The CD1a antigen was present only in scattered cells, whereas HLA-DR and the HLA-DR associated invariant chain were absent. Cytochemistry demonstrated an intense activity of acid phosphatase and non specific esterase of SHML cells. A large amount of medium sized mononuclear cells were located in the sinuses and intersinusoidal tissue. Our findings suggest that SHML cells have intermediate features between phagocytes and Langerhans cells/interdigitating reticulum cells. The heterogeneity of marker expression on SHML cells might be related to the local content of factors (e.g., cytokines), capable of modulating the phenotype of monocyted and derived cells.
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PMID:Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphoadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease). Clinico-pathological analysis of a paediatric case. 840 78

Monocytic leukemia (MoL) cells were obtained from the peripheral blood of a patient in whom the leukemic cells infiltrating various lymphoreticular organs exhibited features intermediate between interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC) and ordinary phagocytic macrophages, whereas the leukemic cells in the peripheral blood were essentially monocytic and lacked such features. Peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells were established as an interleukin-2-dependent T-cell line. When the MoL cells were exposed for a few days to conditioned medium from the T-cell line, they extended several dendritic cytoplasmic projections and became intensely positive for HLA-DR antigen, cytoplasmic S-100 beta protein, and CD1 antigen. Functionally, the conditioned medium significantly down-regulated Fc-mediated and Fc-independent phagocytic activities, and the levels of lysosomal enzymes such as lysozyme and nonspecific esterase in the MoL cells. Moreover, the conditioned medium significantly up-regulated the accessory cell function of the MoL cells as measured by the primary allogenic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Furthermore, the conditioned medium significantly down-regulated the expression of CD14 antigen. Biochemical analysis indicated that the factor responsible for these changes is a protein which is distinct from known human cytokines and whose molecular weight is approximately 31 kDa. These findings suggest that IDC are closely related the monocytic lineage and that helper T-cells play an important role in constructing the microenvironment of T-lymphoid tissues which is necessary for the differentiation and maturation of IDC.
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PMID:Induction of interdigitating reticulum cell-like differentiation in human monocytic leukemia cells by conditioned medium from IL-2-stimulated helper T-cells. 135 19

Little is known about the nature of the large intrasinusoidal cells exhibiting cytophagocytosis, which are the histologic hallmark of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) (Rosai-Dorfman disease). Using a broad panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, we analyzed the immunophenotype of the cell infiltrates in seven lymph node biopsy specimens from five cases of SHML. The SHML cells constantly expressed the S-100 protein, concanavalin agglutinin and peanut agglutinin lectins, and monocyte-macrophage-associated antigens CD 11c, CD 14, CD 33, CD 68, and LN 5. Labeling with other antimacrophage antibodies was extremely variable, with some (MAC 387, lysozyme) restricted to clusters of SHML cells and others (CD11b, CD 36, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin) staining only scattered cells. The CD 1a antigen was found on some cells in only one case, whereas HLA-DR and the HLA-DR-associated invariant chains were absent. The heterogeneity of SHML cell marker expression might be related to the local content of factors (eg, cytokines) capable of modulating the phenotype of monocytes and derived cells. All cases presented with huge amounts of medium-sized mononuclear cells accumulated in the sinuses and intersinusoidal tissue. These cells expressed the S-100-/CD 11b+/CD 11c+/CD 14+/CD 16+/CD 33+/CD 36+/lysozyme+/MAC 387+/HLA-DR+ phenotype. These recently immigrated monocytes might represent the immediate precursors of SHML cells.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic characterization of the cell infiltrate in five cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease). 159 87

To provide baseline information on the immunoarchitecture of normal bone marrow, we studied cryostat-cut, frozen, and paraffin-embedded, fixed tissue sections prepared from 21 core biopsies of normal bone marrow obtained during bone marrow harvests for transplantation. A large panel of antibodies was applied that included, for frozen tissue, Leu-6 (CD1), T11 (CD2), Leu-3a (CD4), Leu-1 (CD5), Leu-2a (CD8), J5 (CD10), My7 (CD13), Leu-11 (CD16), B4 (CD19), B1 (CD20), B2 (CD21), Tac (CD25), My9 (CD33), T200 (CD45), NKH-1 (CD56), kappa and lambda chains, beta F1, Ki-67, HLA-DR, TQ1, and keratin, and for fixed tissue, leukocyte common antigen (CD45), L26 (CD20), LN1 (CDw75), LN2 (CD74), LN3, LN4, LN5, MB1 (CD45R), MB2, MT1 (CD43), MT2 (CD45R), UCHL1 (CD45R0), BM1, Ki-1 (CD30), Leu-M1 (CD15), lysozyme, KP1 (CD68), actin, S100, neuron-specific enolase, vimentin, and keratin. On fresh-frozen sections CD19 and CD2 were the most reliable and sensitive markers for B and T cells, staining 5% and 9% of marrow cells, respectively. Immunoglobulins generally showed heavy background staining, which frequently precluded an accurate assessment. The CD4 to CD8 ratio in the bone marrow was reversed from that of peripheral blood. On fixed tissues, leukocyte common antigen was found in 14% of the marrow cells, corresponding roughly to the lymphocyte population. L26, a pan-B-cell marker, stained 3% of the marrow cells. Among the other B-cell markers, LN1 and MB2 stained a large number of cells (40% to 70%), indicating reactivity with cells of the myeloid or erythroid series in addition to lymphocytes. Among the T-cell markers, UCHL1 and MT1 stained 66% and 50% of the cells, respectively, which could be explained by their cross-reactivity with myeloid cells. Nonspecific myelomonocytic markers (Leu-M1, KP1, and lysozyme) also showed reactivity in a high percentage of cells. No particular architectural distribution patterns of B or T lymphocytes were noted in either frozen or fixed bone marrow specimens. The results of this study provide normal baseline data for the immunohistologic application of hematopoietic and lymphoid markers on frozen or fixed bone marrow biopsy specimens.
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PMID:Immunoarchitecture of normal human bone marrow: a study of frozen and fixed tissue sections. 159 93

The in vitro maturation of peripheral blood monocytes to macrophages can be followed morphologically, and by measurement of cell surface antigens (CD4, HLA-DR, and FcR III) and lysozyme production. We used these markers to correlate monocyte maturation with susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Maturation of peripheral blood monocytes is associated with a decrease in membrane CD4, while HLA-DR and FcR III expression increase along with lysozyme secretion. Cells at all stages of maturation were susceptible to HIV infection, even mature macrophages without CD4 detectably by immunofluorescent staining. Maximal replication was observed in 7-day-old cells.
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PMID:Characterization of the in vitro maturation of monocytes and the susceptibility to HIV infection. 169 73

A detailed immunologic study of three cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) was performed to better characterize this rare disorder. One patient had prominent cervical lymphadenopathy that regressed spontaneously, whereas the other two patients had persistent cervical lymphadenopathy and recurrent infections. The first patient was otherwise healthy and had normal immunologic studies. One of the latter patients had a relative increase in blood B cells, a decreased level of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), decreased blood lymphocyte mitogenic responses to multiple mitogens (37-42% of controls), and cutaneous anergy. The other patient with persistent disease also had a relative increase in blood B cells, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and circulating immune complexes, as well as decreased blood T cells and markedly decreased blood lymphocyte responses to mitogens (12-37% of controls). Immunohistochemical stains of the lymph nodes of the three patients revealed a characteristic phenotype for the sinus histiocytes: S-100 protein, 3/3; CD14 (Leu M3) 3/3; CD11c (Leu M5), 1/1; CD71 (OKT9), 3/3; CD4 (Leu 3a), 2/3; CD1a (OKT6), 1/3; alpha-1-antitrypsin, 3/3; alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, 3/3; CD35 (C3b), 1/1; CD11b (Mo1), 0/3; CD15 (Leu M1), 0/3; HLA-DR, 0/3; and lysozyme, 0/3. This phenotype suggests that the cells of SHML have features of both the Langerhans/interdigitating cell and mononuclear phagocyte lineages. Emperipolesis by the histiocytes of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells was demonstrated by a double-staining technique. Our findings indicate that patients with SHML may have a variably expressed immunodeficiency that predisposes them to recurrent infections.
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PMID:Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: a spectrum of disease associated with immune dysfunction. 171 75

Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour is a recently described, seemingly benign neoplasm of superficial soft tissue which is poorly recognized and the differentiation pattern of which remains obscure. Fourteen new cases are presented here. These presented predominantly in the upper limb of infants and children, although the age-range was wide. A morphological spectrum depending on the relative proportions of the spindle cellular and nodular histiocyte-like components was evident. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity of tumour cells in both components for smooth muscle actin, suggestive of myofibroblastic differentiation, as was borne out ultrastructurally in two cases. In addition, a minority of the histiocyte-like cells were also CD68 positive but negative for leucocyte common antigen, HLA-DR, Mac387 and lysozyme. In view of the ultrastructural and other immunohistochemical results, this is regarded as further evidence that the CD68 epitope recognized by KP-1 is not confined to cells of monocyte/macrophage or myeloid lineage. Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour appears to be a clinicopathologically distinctive myofibroblastic neoplasm which may warrant reclassification in due course.
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PMID:Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis in favour of a myofibroblastic lesion. 172 56

A new human cell line, designated Ty-82, was established from the pleural effusion of a 22-year-old woman with undifferentiated thymic carcinoma. This cell line consisted of primitive cells that were positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and acid phosphatase. The cells were shown to express epithelial membrane antigen, but were completely negative for cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, desmin, S-100 protein, lysozyme, Leu-7, HLA-DR (Ia), leukocyte common antigen, Ki-I antigen, T-cell antigens, B-cell antigens, myelomonocyte antigens, and Epstein-Barr-virus nuclear antigen. Electron microscopy showed that the cells were highly anaplastic, with no sign of cellular differentiation to any lineages. The Ty-82 cell line was found to have a karyotype of 46,XX,t(15;19)(q15;p13), being identical to that of the patient's tumor cells. Four of 5 nude mice inoculated sub-cutaneously with Ty-82 cells developed tumors which displayed a histological picture similar to the original tumor. Thymic carcinoma is a recently recognized entity, and its cellular and clinical behavior are poorly understood. The newly established thymic carcinoma cell line would provide a useful tool for the better understanding of this rare disease.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a thymic carcinoma cell line (Ty-82) carrying t(15;19)(q15;p13) chromosome abnormality. 173 May 20


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