Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenosine (Ade) 1.3, 13, 130 mg.kg-1 ip inhibited the ability of peripheral leukocytes and peritoneal macrophages in phagocytosing the Staphylococcus albus with [3H]TdR incorporation in mice, declined the hemolytic ability of plaque-forming cells and the production of antibody in mice immunized by sheep erythrocytes. Ade 13, 130 mg.kg-1 ip decreased the mouse serum muramidase (lysozyme) concentration. Dipyridamole (Dip) 10 mg.kg-1 ip attenuated the effects of Ade 130 mg.kg-1 on humoral immunity reaction, but the nonspecific immunity was not attenuated. These results showed that the uptake of Ade may play an important role in the effects of Ade on humoral immunity reaction. Aminophylline (Ami) 100 mg.kg-1 ip attenuated the effects of Ade 130 mg.kg-1 on hemolytic ability of plaque-forming cells and the ability of peripheral leukocytes in phagocytosing Staphylococcus albus. These results suggested that the effects of Ade on murine humoral and nonspecific immunity reaction were mediated by Ade A2 receptor (A2DR).
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PMID:[Suppressive effects of adenosine on nonspecific and humoral immunities in mice]. 771 80

The heritability of saliva protein concentrations was investigated in stored samples of clarified stimulated whole saliva from adult twins participating in a study of periodontal disease genetics. Saliva was obtained from 29 monozygous and 20 dizygous twin pairs. Visits were scheduled so that both twins in a pair donated saliva at the same time of day. Flow rate was determined, and frozen samples later assayed for lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory IgA, total peroxidase, myeloperoxidase and total protein. Pairs were always assayed together. Within- and between-pair variances were used to estimate twin intraclass correlations. Pearson correlations were used to estimate associations between saliva variables and clinical indices of gingivitis, dental plaque, periodontal attachment loss, and probing depth. Significant genetic contributions to variance were seen for total protein, lactoferrin, and total peroxidase. Total protein showed a significant positive correlation with gingivitis. There were no other correlations with clinical indices, and intraclass correlations for saliva variables did not change after adjustment for gingivitis. Dizygous twin correlations were higher than monozygous twin correlations for flow rate, lysozyme, and secretory IgA. That may be an artefact due to small numbers of pairs. It seems unlikely that a common environmental factor would strongly affect saliva in twins living apart as adults. Present findings, taken as sib correlations, support a genetic contribution to saliva protein concentrations. Problems with the twin model in saliva might be resolved by longitudinal studies of large numbers of twins.
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PMID:Genetic contributions to saliva protein concentrations in adult human twins. 806 21

The occurrence of opportunistic pathogens and the concentration of some antimicrobial factors in the oral cavity of both acute and chronic leukaemia patients were studied. Enterobacteria were isolated from both dental plaque and crevicular fluid of all the groups examined, with few differences between healthy volunteers and leukaemic subjects; yeasts were found in both the crevicular fluid and the dental plaque samples of chronic leukaemia patients, but only in the plaque of healthy volunteers. Acute leukaemia patients did not have yeasts, but they were the only group colonized by the pseudomonads. IgA and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) significantly increased in chronic leukaemia patients compared with controls, whilst lysozyme seemed to present no marked differences for all groups. A further increase in NAGase concentration and an elevation in lysozyme content of saliva was observed for chronic leukaemia patients with severe periodontal lesions.
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PMID:Evaluation of the opportunistic microbial flora and of some antimicrobial factors in the oral cavity of leukaemic patients. 824 9

We have developed an efficient positive-selection vector to insert foreign DNA segments fused to the T4 ipIII gene (encoding internal protein IPIII) into the bacteriophage T4 genome. By using partial deletions of the T4 e gene, which encodes phage lysozyme, lysozyme activity required for plaque formation is used to select plasmid integrants which restore the e gene. In this work, we demonstrate that DNA inserts more than 7.0 kb in length can be incorporated into a T4 genome lacking the alt gene. In addition, the recombinant T4 not only contains a fusion gene driven by the T4 ipIII promoters, but also packages the fusion protein into the T4 capsid due to targeting by the IPIII portion. This expression-packaging-processing system shows that active IPIII::beta Gal fusion reporter protein is produced and packaged during phage infection.
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PMID:An expression-packaging-processing vector which selects and maintains 7-kb DNA inserts in the blue T4 phage genome. 829 2

Many studies have attempted to relate levels of antimicrobial proteins in saliva to oral health; results have been inconsistent, and one reason might be inconsistency of measures of plaque and saliva within subjects. This study investigated associations between plaque and salivary variables in longitudinal data. Whole saliva, and 8-h plaque pooled from buccal first permanent molars, was obtained from 32 dental students on Tuesdays from 3:00-6:00 p.m. over 4 weeks. Salivary flow rate was determined, and samples were assayed for lysozyme, lactoferrin, total peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, OSCN-, sIgA and total protein. Colonies on mitis-salivarius agar were assigned to Streptococcus sanguis, Strep. mutans or Strep. salivarius on the basis of morphology, supplemented by the API Rapid Strep identification system. Consistency of values within subjects across weeks was evaluated by repeat-measures analysis of variance and intraclass correlation; data were transformed to reduce skewness. Pearson's r was used to determine associations between plaque and salivary variables. Significant intraclass correlations (alpha = 0.05) were found for all salivary variables except myeloperoxidase, and for total flora, total streptococci, Strep. sanguis and Strep. sanguis as a proportion of total streptococci. Significant Pearson correlations with Strep. sanguis as a proportion of total streptococci were found for total protein (r = -0.24), sIgA (r = -0.22), lactoferrin (r = -0.19) and OSCN- (r = 0.20) when data from all weeks were pooled (n = 128). Strep. sanguis proportions tended to be low in subjects with high values for salivary proteins; the range of proportions was wider in subjects with low salivary values. These findings suggest some consistency of weekly values for many plaque and salivary variables. They also support previous cross-sectional data which suggested that salivary antimicrobial proteins may have some effect on plaque composition. This study was made before recent revisions in streptococcal taxonomy, and further research is needed to clarify interactions of salivary proteins with currently defined species.
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PMID:Longitudinal study of relations between human salivary antimicrobial proteins and measures of dental plaque accumulation and composition. 839 24

Resting and stimulated whole saliva was collected from 94 children aged 12-14 years and analyzed for thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite, 'free' and 'total' lysozyme, lactoferrin and secretory IgA. Clinical assessments of the amounts of plaque and gingival inflammation were made, and plaque was collected for determination of dry weight. An inverse relationship was observed between salivary thiocyanate concentrations in both resting and stimulated saliva and the amounts of plaque and gingival inflammation in these subjects (p < 0.05). Lactoferrin concentration in stimulated saliva was directly related to the amounts of plaque and gingivitis (p < 0.05). 'Total' lysozyme concentration in stimulated saliva was directly related to the amount of plaque (p < 0.05), and the 'free' lysozyme concentration in the same saliva was directly related to the amount of gingivitis (p < 0.05). The direct relationship observed between clinical measurements and both lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in saliva may have been due to contributions from gingival crevicular fluid. Cluster analysis identified three groups of subjects with different profiles in resting whole saliva, and in particular with different levels of secretory IgA. A statistically significant difference was observed in the quantity of plaque collected from subjects in two of these groups (p < 0.05). These results from cluster analysis using resting whole saliva from children confirmed the findings of a previous study with young adults.
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PMID:Concentrations of thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite, 'free' and 'total' lysozyme, lactoferrin and secretory IgA in resting and stimulated whole saliva of children aged 12-14 years and the relationship with plaque accumulation and gingivitis. 847 85

The effects of physiological (saliva and plaque fluid) concentrations of potassium and magnesium and growth phase on lysozyme inhibition of glucose fermentation by S. mutans 10449 were investigated. Glucose fermentations were carried out in a pH-stat at pH 7.0 or 5.5. Cells were at least two times more sensitive to lysozyme in the early-to-middle exponential phase compared with the stationary phase. S. sobrinus 6715 exhibited three-fold greater lysozyme resistance than S. rattus BHT or S. mutans 10449. The concentration of potassium which reduced lysozyme inhibition of S. mutans 10449 fermentation by 50% was 0.2 and 10 mmol/L for stationary and exponential phase cells, respectively. Corresponding values for magnesium were < or = 0.01 and 0.50 mmol/L. Potassium and magnesium exhibited little pH dependence in their reduction of lysozyme inhibition of fermentation by exponential- or stationary-phase S. mutans 10449. The results suggest that: (i) lysozyme interaction with stationary-phase cells involves more non-inhibitory modes than with exponential-phase cells, and (ii) lysozyme may be more effective as an antibacterial agent in saliva than in plaque fluid.
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PMID:Effects of pH, potassium, magnesium, and bacterial growth phase on lysozyme inhibition of glucose fermentation by Streptococcus mutans 10449. 850 Dec 88

Hybrid lambda phages which have the E lysis gene of the bacteriophage phi X174 in cis to defective nonsense and deletion alleles of the normal lambda lysis genes S and R have been constructed and shown to be fully competent for plaque-forming ability, which demonstrates that the single-gene, lysozyme-independent lysis system of phi X174 and related phages can serve the lytic function for large complex phages. These hybrid phages are unable to form plaques on a slyD host. Moreover, plaque morphology indicates that in E-mediated lysis the soluble lambda R endolysin can participate in lysis, indicating that the protein E-mediated lesions are not completely sealed off from the periplasm.
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PMID:Phi X174 E complements lambda S and R dysfunction for host cell lysis. 850 44

The effect of her egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) on immune response was evaluated by measuring antibody-producing cells and circulating antibodies in mice inoculated with the test antigen (SRBC or BSA) and HEWL at the same time but in a separate body area. HEWL caused a premature decline in SRBC-specific plaque forming cells (PFC) and a reduction in the total amount of these cells. HEWL inhibited antibody production against BSA in the primary response, but was devoid of any effect on the secondary response elicited in the same mice by a second inoculation of the test antigen. The inhibitory effect of HEWL was dose-dependent, being maximal with 300 micrograms, required an enzymatically active protein and was not shown by other basic proteins. HEWL also abolished the enhancing effect of LPS and CFA on anti-BSA antibody production. The inhibitory activity of HEWL was further increased by hydrolyzed peptidoglycan. These results suggest that HEWL modulates the immune response in mice and performs this function through activation of non-specific suppression mechanisms.
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PMID:Modulatory effects of hen egg-white lysozyme on immune response in mice. 867 48

Samples of whole saliva and dental plaque were collected from initially 10-year old subjects who participated in a 40-month cohort study investigating the effect of chewing gum usage on caries rates. The subjects represented nine cohorts of which one did not receive gum, while in eight cohorts the subjects received gum containing either xylitol, sorbitol, their mixtures, or sucrose as bulk sweeteners, the maximum sweetener consumption in the form of gums being up to 10.7 g/day, used in 3-5 daily chewing episodes. Gum usage had no significant effect on the levels of salivary protein, IgA, alpha-amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme, SCN and buffer capacity. At the endpoint, the group that received 100% xylitol pellet-shaped gum five times/day, had significantly lower levels of sucrase (p <0.05) and free sialic acid (p < 0.001) in whole saliva than at baseline. This group showed significantly (p <0.05) smaller plaque index scores at two cross-sectional measurements, and exhibited the lowest log(10) counts of salivary lactobacilli at endpoint than most other groups. The salivary levels of peptidase(s) (oligopeptidase B-like enzymes) hydrolyzing N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginyl-p-nitroaniline were significantly (p<0.05) or almost significantly lower in groups which received 100% xylitol pellet gums. All groups exhibited obviously an aging-related increase of salivary mutans streptococcus scores, except the above xylitol group in which the mean scores did not change.
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PMID:Properties of whole saliva and dental plaque in relation to 40-month consumption of chewing gums containing xylitol, sorbitol of sucrose. 886 27


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