Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of rat caries experiments was carried out to test the relative cariogenic potential and to identify the major carcinogenic elements of 22 popular snack foods. Parameters that were measured included rat caries, number of cariogenic bacteria in plaque, salivary parameters including flow rate, buffering capacity, total protein, lysozyme and amylase content, and composition of test foods including protein, fat, phosphorus, calcium, fluoride, galactose, glucose, total reducing sugar, sucrose, and starch. Many interesting relationships were observed between food components, numbers of plaque bacteria, salivary components, and specific types of carious lesions. Protein, fat, and phosphorus in foods were all associated with inhibition of both sulcal and buccolingual (smooth-surface) caries. Food fluoride was associated with inhibition of buccolingual caries, whereas calcium was related to inhibition of sulcal caries. Glucose, reducing sugar, and sucrose in foods were all related to promotion of both sulcal and smooth-surface caries. The numbers of Streptococcus sobrinus in plaque were associated with promotion of smooth-surface caries only, whereas lactobacilli, non-mutans bacteria, and total viable flora were related to promotion of both smooth-surface and sulcal caries. The salivary flow rate was associated with inhibition of both buccolingual and sulcal caries. Salivary buffering capacity (at pH 7) and salivary lysozyme delivery were associated with inhibition of number and severity of sulcal caries, while the salivary amylase content was related to the promotion of the number of sulcal lesions.
Caries Res 1994
PMID:Cariogenic potential of foods. II. Relationship of food composition, plaque microbial counts, and salivary parameters to caries in the rat model. 751 47

Synthetic hydroxyapatite and human dental enamel (polished and non-polished) were subjected to various fluoride applications, i.e., using solutions of sodium fluoride (NaF), acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), and stannous fluoride (SnF2). Treatment with APF has a strong influence on the morphology of the apatite. All fluorides, in particular SnF2, make the enamel surfaces more hydrophobic. NaF and APF applications slightly alter the electrokinetic potentials of the surfaces, but SnF2 renders them much more negatively charged. The adsorption of the proteins lysozyme and alpha-lactalbumin on these surfaces can be explained in terms of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the proteins and the sorbent surfaces.
Caries Res 1995
PMID:Influence of fluoride applications on some physicochemical surface properties of synthetic hydroxyapatite and human dental enamel and its consequences for protein adsorption. 762 97

Lysozyme, lactoperoxidase and salivary peroxidase inhibit the metabolism and growth of mutans streptococci, but any possible effects on the adherence of these bacteria are unknown. In this study the effects of lysozyme and lactoperoxidase on the adhesion of 3H-labelled Streptococcus mutans (NCTC 10449, serotype c strain) to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite were studied at pH 5.0 and 7.0. Human whole saliva was either lysozyme-depleted and centrifuged, or sterilized and dialysed to achieve no detectable lysozyme and peroxidase activities; this modified saliva was used to form experimental pellicles. The incorporation of lysozyme (50-200 micrograms/ml) to the pellicle caused a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the adherence of S. mutans without any loss of bacterial viability. Pretreatment of either saliva-coated apatite or S. mutans cells with lysozyme did not change the results but lysozyme bound more readily to bacteria than to the experimental pellicles. Also, lactoperoxidase (10-200 micrograms/ml) reduced significantly (p < 0.001) the adherence of S. mutans but, in contrast to lysozyme, in a dose-dependent way. The strongest inhibition of adhesion was found when both saliva-coated apatite and bacteria were pretreated with lactoperoxidase. This enzyme bound to experimental pellicles in preference to streptococci. A non-specific protein control, albumin, did not block the inhibition by lysozyme or lactoperoxidase. The inhibition of adherence of a serotype c strain of S. mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite is a novel antibacterial mechanism for both lysozyme and lactoperoxidase.
Caries Res 1994
PMID:Lysozyme and lactoperoxidase inhibit the adherence of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 (serotype c) to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite in vitro. 785 Aug 45

Studies of oral health in patients with common variable immunodeficiency have given controversial results. Obviously, one major factor modifying the oral health of these patients is saliva, in which the antibody-mediated defense is remarkably impaired compared to that of healthy subjects. However, the occurrence of nonimmunoglobulin (innate) antimicrobial agents in saliva of these patients is virtually unknown. Therefore, we analyzed both immune (total IgA, IgG, IgM, anti-Streptococcus mutans IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies) and nonimmune (lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, hypothiocyanite, thiocyanate, and agglutinins) factors in whole saliva of 15 patients with common variable immunodeficiency. All patients were on Ig-replacement therapy (median duration, 10 years; range, 2-25 years), which had normalized their IgG but not their IgA or IgM levels both in serum and in saliva. Also, comprehensive clinical and microbiological analyses were made. The control group comprised 15 age- and sex-matched immunologically healthy subjects. The results showed no notable differences in dental caries, periodontal diseases, or salivary microorganisms but the patients had a history of more frequent oral mucosal lesions and respiratory infections. All innate, nonimmune salivary defense factors were equally abundant in the patients as in the controls, in many cases even at somewhat higher concentrations. These findings suggest that in spite of immunodeficiency, patients with common variable immunodeficiency display normal, perhaps even slightly elevated, levels of nonimmunoglobulin defense factors in whole saliva.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Salivary defense factors and oral health in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. 792 97

The sialochemical parameters total protein, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, amylase, sodium, potassium, calcium as well as flow rate were estimated in parotid saliva (PS) and submandibular saliva (SMS) in the course of differential diagnostics of salivary gland diseases. In addition to this the quantitative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis based on 80 PS and 80 SMS normal secretions was performed. Sialochemistry was performed on parotid adenomas (29), carcinomas (9); sialadenosis (8); acute (8) and chronic (13) sialadenitis; dental caries (12 PS and 12 SMS); cystic fibrosis (21 PS and 12 SMS); diabetes mellitus (13 PS and 13 SMS); and hyperthyroilism (9 PS and 9 SMS). Our sialochemical analysis does not allow to distinguish between benign and malignant parotid neoplasms. The significant decrease of sodium in sialadenosis and increase of sodium and total protein in sialadenitis as well as interesting results in cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus and dental caries, are emphasised.
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PMID:[Sialochemical studies of isolated secretions of the major salivary glands of the head]. 798 22

The aim was to study the level of salivary proteins with antimicrobial properties in persons with Crohn's disease. Twenty-five patients were recruited, 13 with ongoing symptoms (acute group) and 12 free of clinical signs of the disease at the time of the investigation (nonacute group). A control group matched to the nonacute group was also included in the study. Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva samples were collected, and the secretion rates estimated. Unstimulated saliva was analyzed for concentrations of total protein, peroxidase, thiocyanate, slgA, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and for specific bacteria aggregation ability. Numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva were determined, and dental caries status was examined. No differences were found among the groups regarding salivary flow rate, total protein, or any of the antimicrobial proteins. However, three patients with Crohn's disease had no detectable slgA in saliva compared with none in the control group. The lactobacillus count and the number of decayed tooth surfaces were higher in the nonacute group than in the control group.
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PMID:Salivary antimicrobial proteins in patients with Crohn's disease. 824 99

The salivary composition and flow rate were examined in 20 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in 19 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and compared with 20 healthy controls. Resting and stimulated whole and submandibular saliva was analyzed. Significantly lower resting salivary flow rates were found in the IDDM patients as compared to the NIDDM group. In the IDDM patients potassium concentration in resting saliva was significantly higher compared with healthy controls and in stimulated whole saliva compared with NIDDM patients. No difference in salivary total protein, amylase, lactoferrin, or lysozyme was found among the three groups examined. The IgA concentration of the IDDM patients was significantly higher in whole resting saliva compared with controls and in the submandibular saliva compared with both NIDDM patients and controls. No difference was found between controls and the diabetic patients examined in prevalence of complaint of dry mouth. The salivary flow rates, however, were significantly lower in the three subgroups with dry mouth compared with the subgroups without this complaint. Caries were detected in 100% of the diabetic patients and controls. No correlation was observed between the incidence of caries and any of the salivary parameters examined. A higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease was detected in the diabetic patients as compared to the controls. A significant positive correlation was found between the gingival index and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, lysozyme, and lactoferrin in whole resting saliva in the three groups examined.
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PMID:Oral health and salivary composition in diabetic patients. 848 52

Samples of whole saliva and dental plaque were collected from initially 10-year old subjects who participated in a 40-month cohort study investigating the effect of chewing gum usage on caries rates. The subjects represented nine cohorts of which one did not receive gum, while in eight cohorts the subjects received gum containing either xylitol, sorbitol, their mixtures, or sucrose as bulk sweeteners, the maximum sweetener consumption in the form of gums being up to 10.7 g/day, used in 3-5 daily chewing episodes. Gum usage had no significant effect on the levels of salivary protein, IgA, alpha-amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme, SCN and buffer capacity. At the endpoint, the group that received 100% xylitol pellet-shaped gum five times/day, had significantly lower levels of sucrase (p <0.05) and free sialic acid (p < 0.001) in whole saliva than at baseline. This group showed significantly (p <0.05) smaller plaque index scores at two cross-sectional measurements, and exhibited the lowest log(10) counts of salivary lactobacilli at endpoint than most other groups. The salivary levels of peptidase(s) (oligopeptidase B-like enzymes) hydrolyzing N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginyl-p-nitroaniline were significantly (p<0.05) or almost significantly lower in groups which received 100% xylitol pellet gums. All groups exhibited obviously an aging-related increase of salivary mutans streptococcus scores, except the above xylitol group in which the mean scores did not change.
Caries Res 1996
PMID:Properties of whole saliva and dental plaque in relation to 40-month consumption of chewing gums containing xylitol, sorbitol of sucrose. 886 27

Previous studies of the possible associations of salivary antimicrobial agents with dental caries have given controversial results, obviously mainly because almost all studies have been cross-sectional. Our aim was to find out, in a two-year longitudinal follow-up study, the associations among selected salivary non-immune and immune antimicrobial variables, cariogenic bacteria, and caries increment. The study population was comprised of 63 subjects, all of whom had their 13th birthday during the first study year. In addition to a comprehensive dental examination at baseline and after 2 yrs, paraffin-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected in a standardized way at six-month intervals. Saliva samples were analyzed for flow rate, buffer effect, lysozyme, lactoferrin, total peroxidase activity, hypothiocyanite, thiocyanate, agglutination rate, and total and specific anti-S. mutans IgA and IgG, as well as for numbers of total and mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and total anaerobic bacteria. Cluster analysis and Spearman-Rank correlation coefficients were used to explore possible associations between and among the studied variables. During the two-year period, a statistically significant increase was observed in flow rate, thiocyanate, agglutination rate, anti-S. mutans IgA antibodies, lactobacilli, and total anaerobes, whereas lysozyme, lactoferrin, and total and anti-S. mutans IgG antibodies declined significantly. Based on various analyses, it can be concluded that, at baseline, total IgG and hypothiocyanite had an inverse relationship with subsequent two-year caries increment, anti-S. mutans IgG antibodies increased with caries development, and mutans streptococci and lactobacilli correlated positively with both baseline caries and caries increment. Total anaerobic microflora was consistently more abundant among caries-free individuals. In spite of the above associations, we conclude that none of the single antimicrobial agents as such has sufficiently strong power to have diagnostic significance in vivo with respect to future caries.
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PMID:Longitudinal analysis of the association of human salivary antimicrobial agents with caries increment and cariogenic micro-organisms: a two-year cohort study. 943 2

We developed a new method (dropping time method, DTM) to investigate the wettability of a surface of a protein layer adsorbed on glass plates in aqueous solution. However, the previous setup of DTM can only be utilized for optically transparent materials. In this study, we have extended the method to optically nontransparent materials such as hydroxyapatite plates. DTM is based on measuring the dropping time of a liquid film along a protein-covered surface when this surface is instantaneously vertically removed from the protein solution. The intensity of the reflected light beam depends on the presence of a liquid film on the surface. This allows to estimate the movement of the liquid film along the sorbent surface. Thus, the extended DTM can be used for determining the wettability of optically nontransparent solid plates. The adsorption behavior of four proteins (albumin, lysozyme, beta-lactoglobulin, ovalbumin) on a hydrophobic hydroxyapatite plate in water was studied by this method. When adsorbed from a protein solution of high concentration, the surfaces of adsorbed proteins, except ovalbumin, were fairly hydrophilic; this hydrophilicity was already attained at the initial stage of the adsorption process. The surface of ovalbumin on hydroxyapatite was more hydrophobic than those of the other proteins, and the hydrophilicity increased with the protein adsorption process. At low protein concentration, the hydrophilicity increased in the course of the adsorption process. The change in hydrophilicity with time depends on the kind of protein. Hen's egg lysozyme is more hydrophilic and the time to reach saturation is shorter than for the other proteins. The processes of increasing hydrophilicity of the surface of human serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin and ovalbumin are similar. However, for beta-lactoglobulin hydrophobicity at adsorption saturation is stronger than for human serum albumin and ovalbumin. Thus, using DTM it is shown that the hydrophilicity of the surface of adsorbed protein on hydroxyapatite depends strongly on the kind of protein.
Caries Res
PMID:Measurements of the wettability of protein-covered hydroxyapatite surfaces. 1052 34


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