Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchial secretions from 207 children suffering from various pulmonary diseases and from 15 healthy controls were tested concentration of IgA, IgG, lactoferrin and lysozyme. The results obtained suggest that in many cases of chronic lung diseases in children the levels of lactoferrin and immunoglobulins, especially secretory IgA, are very low. In severe infections (cystic fibrosis, bronchiectases) significant increase of IgG concentration was observed.
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PMID:Proteins in bronchial secretion of children with chronic pulmonary diseases. I. Relation to clinical diagnosis. 44

Colonization in the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa correlates with the progression of bronchial airway pathology. There is a direct correlation between the incidence of Pseudomonas colonization and age, clinical score, extent of pulmonary disease, severity of radiographic changes, and level of serum immunoglobulins. The central propensity to Pseudomonas colonization in patients with CF is not freely understood, but we discuss the acquisition and persistence of P aeruginosa in the CF airway. Elucidation of pathogenetic mechanisms of CF inflammatory airways disease is the first essential step to initiating novel therapies. It has been difficult to prove that the ability of P aeruginosa to adhere to the respiratory epithelium and provide selective advantage for this gram-negative bacillus over other potential pathogens for infection in the CF airway. However, flexible filaments (pili) extending from the Pseudomonas cell wall are thought to medicate epithelial cell adherence for nonmucoid P aeruginosa, and similarly, the gelatinous exopolysaccharide alginate produced by mucoid variants of P aeruginosa seems to be the adhesive to tracheal cells. Following the signal event of adherence, this bacterial pathogen competes successfully for iron cofactor and multiplies, releasing proteases with broad substrate specificities that dramatically alter the airway antiprotease screen, and the pathogen creates defects in local antibacterial defenses. Lung inflammation in CF is characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration. Although critical to host defense, neutrophils also cause progressive airway damage by release of bioactive lipids, oxygen metabolites, and granule enzymes such as hydrolases, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme, and neutral serine proteases. The necessarily circumscribed discussion that follows will focus narrowly on the host cell-derived factors (macrophages and neutrophils) proposed as important components in this pathogenetic scheme.
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PMID:Emergence and persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis airway. 147 41

The neutrophil enzyme elastase is a potent secretagogue of airway secretory cells, and elastase is present in high concentrations in sputum of patients with hypersecretion (e.g., cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis). Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a recently discovered cytokine with potent neutrophil chemotactic properties in vitro, is also found in the sputum of these patients. We used an isolated tracheal segment in dogs in vivo to study the effect of IL-8 in causing neutrophil accumulation, elastase release, and secretion (by measuring lysozyme concentrations) in the luminal superfusate. IL-8 caused a potent time-dependent neutrophil accumulation at between 3 and 6 h. The effect was significant at 10(-9) and maximum at 10(-8) M. No increase in free elastase, cathepsin G, or lysozyme was detected in the superfusate. Thus, in contrast to previous studies showing that ragweed antigen causes the accumulation of neutrophil elastase which in turn causes lysozyme secretion, IL-8 causes neutrophil accumulation without granule secretion (or subsequent secretagogue activity). The findings were confirmed with dog and human neutrophils in vitro.
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PMID:Interleukin-8 induces neutrophil accumulation but not protease secretion in the canine trachea. 147 6

Seventeen patients with cystic fibrosis and 17 age-, race-, and sex-matched controls were examined under standardized conditions. Testing included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein staining, rose bengal staining, Schirmer's basic tear test, tear film break-up time, tear pH, tear lysozyme, tear protein, lid and conjunctival cultures, and conjunctival impression cytology. Cystic fibrosis patients showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of fluorescein staining and clinical blepharitis, as well as significantly decreased Schirmer testing and tear lysozyme. Ocular surface abnormalities in these patients may be attributable to aqueous and lipid tear film deficiencies. Cystic fibrosis patients showed normal conjunctival epithelial cell morphology, grew no pathogenic organisms, and had a decreased incidence of conjunctival bacterial colonization.
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PMID:The ocular surface in cystic fibrosis. 261 48

Fibrocystic disease of the breast in middle-aged women characteristically shows focal epithelial lesions of a very varied nature. The functional immunohistochemical changes in such lesions have been little studied. Focal Pregnancy-like Change in the breast has a striking morphological similarity to the secretory breast lobules in pregnancy and in lactation. We show that the epithelial cells in all the lesions of Focal Pregnancy-like Change studied simultaneously express secretory component, Ig A and J chain in their cytoplasm. Additionally these epithelial cells, unlike those in resting breast lobules, contain lysozyme and lactoferrin. All these phenotypic immunohistochemical changes in Focal Pregnancy-like Change resemble the breast lobules of late pregnancy and lactation. Possibly, the very focality of Focal Pregnancy-like Change reflects a peculiar and local sensitivity of 'resting' breast lobules to unidentified hormonal stimulation.
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PMID:Phenotypic expression of immune secretory function in focal pregnancy-like change of the human breast. 310 71

In adults, the inability to secrete ABH blood group substances in water-soluble form has been recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive lung disease. We studied 50 patients (mean age 12.1 years) with cystic fibrosis and identified 33 ABH secretors and 17 non-secretors. There was no correlation between secretor status and clinical status, spirometry measurements, salivary and serum lysozyme levels or rates of respiratory tract colonization with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
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PMID:ABH secretor status in cystic fibrosis--a negative report. 408 89

The susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 144M (a mucoid strain isolated from the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient) to the bactericidal activity of pooled fresh normal human serum (FHS) was examined. FHS at concentrations of greater than or equal to 2.5% was capable of killing greater than 95% of strain 144M. Strain 144M was killed by FHS in a dose-dependent manner. Although either immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG was bactericidal in the presence of complement, IgM was about 10 times as effective as IgG. However, optimal killing activity required both IgM and IgG and complement, activated by the classical pathway. A role for lysozyme in the killing of 144M was demonstrated only when low concentrations of FHS were used. In contrast to 144M, P. aeruginosa strains 144NM and 144M(SR) were totally resistant to FHS at all of the concentrations tested (up to 50%). Neither the FHS susceptibility of 144M nor the FHS resistance of 144NM or 144M(SR) was altered by choice of growth medium, growth phase, or temperature of growth. Results of absorption studies with whole organisms, isolated outer membrane preparations, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from each strain suggest that the antigen(s) which binds the bactericidal immunoglobulins is accessible on the surface of 144M but not on the surface of 144NM or 144M(SR), is insensitive to trypsin treatment, and is believed to be LPS. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the three LPS preparations demonstrated that 144M LPS contained primarily lipid-A-core polysaccharide components, whereas the LPS from 144NM and 144M(SR) were heterogeneous, with various degrees of O-side-chain substitution. These results suggest that at least one target for bactericidal antibody on the surface of 144M is contained in the rough LPS of this strain.
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PMID:Serum sensitivity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid strain. 643 98

The protein composition of sputum collected by a protected method in 17 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) was analysed. The severity of the disease was assessed using the Shwachman score and the degree of bronchial superinfection was determined by a quantitative cyto-bacteriological study. The main proteins with antibacterial activity (IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme and lactoferrin) or reflecting the degree of bronchial inflammation (serumalbumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin) were determined by immunological methods. In the presence of severe superinfection (11 cases out of 17), the concentrations of antibacterial activity proteins are unchanged. On the other hand, the bronchial superinfection is accompanied by a marked local inflammation. In sputa, the increased concentrations of serum-derived proteins are closely correlated to the severity of the disease. This study confirms the importance of bronchial inflammation in CF.
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PMID:[Proteins of bronchial secretions in mucoviscidosis. Role of infection]. 660 74

We prospectively evaluated concentrations of beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and lysozyme in urine from normal subjects, ambulatory patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and CF patients with previously normal renal function who were receiving intravenous aminoglycoside (AG) therapy. Enzyme activities were generally low or negligible in subjects not receiving AG. Enzymuria was documented during 12 of 13 AG treatment courses and most frequently involved beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase excretion. In nine courses, enzymuria occurred in the absence of proteinuria or elevations of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. In three courses attended by enzymuria and evidence of nephrotoxicity, neither the time of appearance nor the magnitude of enzymuria was different from that of nonnephrotoxic patients. In two of these three treatment courses, enzymuria preceded clinical evidence of nephrotoxicity of 16 and 5 days, and in the third course enzymuria and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine occurred simultaneously. We conclude that enzymuria is not a reliable predictor of nephrotoxicity due to AG in CF patients and is not an indication of discontinue AG therapy.
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PMID:Are measurements of urine enzymes useful during aminoglycoside therapy? 679 92

The activity of lysozyme in saliva and serum was determined in 51 patients with cystic fibrosis. Measurements were made on two occasions at least 1 month apart and compared to those of 25 normal healthy individuals of the same ages, sex, and race. The mean serum lysozyme activity of normal individuals was 5.8 micrograms/ml (S.E. = 0.4), whereas that of cystic fibrosis patients was 10.8 micrograms/ml (S.E. = 0.5). The difference is significant (P less than 0.05). Initial mean values compared to those of repeated samples from the cystic fibrosis group were similar, whereas individual fluctuations occurred between test periods. The mean lysozyme activity of the saliva sample of normal individuals was 63.5 micrograms/ml (S.E. = 9.3) and the mean value from cystic fibrosis patients was 82.7 (S.E. = 6.9). This difference was not significant (P greater than 0.1). Mean values from specimens obtained a month or longer after the initial saliva samples were similar for the two episodes. There was no correlation between the serum and salivary values and the age, sex or race of the subjects, the Shwachman-Kulczycki scores, colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus or Haemophilus influenzae or absolute white blood cell counts. In vitro studies failed to demonstrate bactericidal activity for mucoid and nonmucoid strains of P. aeruginosa or for S. aureus. Elevated lysozyme activity in cystic fibrosis may be related to either an increased granulocyte turnover because of chronic bacterial infection of the respiratory tract or to a basic defect in the lysosomal membrane allowing an increased release of the enzyme, or a combination of both.
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PMID:Lysozyme activity in cystic fibrosis. 714 10


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