Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A distinct morphological variant of a diffuse type adenocarcinoma of the stomach with Paneth cell differentiation is reported. The tumor was a Borrmann's Type III carcinoma measuring 6.0 x 5.5 cm at the body along the greater curvature. It was composed of Paneth cell- and endocrine cell differentiated cancer cells in addition to tubular and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells. The Paneth cell differentiation was characterized histologically by cytoplasmic distinct coarse eosinophilic granules stained red with periodic acid-Schiff and Masson trichrome reagents and reddish brown with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, and electron microscopically by lysozyme in cytoplasmic electron dense granules. In addition, electron microscopy revealed acid mucin globules and various intermediate forms between Paneth granules and the mucin globules which might be regarded as abortive forms of Paneth granules presumably resulting from defective incorporation of lysozyme-positive mucosubstances into acid mucin. Endocrine differentiated cancer cells consisted of serotonin-, peptide YY-, and glucagon/glicentin-positive cells. The various cell phenotypes found in the present tumor could be explained on the basis of intestinal differentiation of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Predominant Paneth cell differentiation in an intestinal type gastric cancer. 206 3

We report two transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder containing numerous osteoclast-type giant cells that stained for vimentin and acid phosphatase (with and without tartrate) and were negative for cytokeratin and lysozyme. One tumour, in a 65-year-old man, was composed of papillary transitional cell carcinoma, invasive poorly differentiated carcinoma with a prominent spindle cell component and numerous osteoclast-type giant cells; repeat curettage 2 months later showed no residual tumour. The second tumour occurred in a 75-year-old woman who underwent a radical cystectomy for a deeply invasive transitional cell carcinoma with a spindle and anaplastic giant cell component and areas containing numerous osteoclast-type giant cells. Osteoclast-type giant cells, which appear to be reactive, should be distinguished from the neoplastic giant cells of giant cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with osteoclast-type giant cells: a report of two cases and review of the literature. 207 67

Hepatocellular carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (hepatic giant cell carcinoma [HGCC]) is a rare entity, with only three cases reported. The tumor is histologically similar to giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone, and the origin of the multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells has not been determined. The purpose of this report is to present a case of this rare tumor and compare its ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features with those of a conventional GCT of bone. Histologically, the HGCC consists of sheets of osteoclast-like giant cells with a background of mononuclear cells. The giant cells lack the pleomorphism seen in hepatocellular carcinomas with anaplastic giant cells. At the light microscopic level, most of this tumor was nearly identical to a GCT of bone, but several microscopic fields (less than 5% of the tumor) had the histologic appearance of a "usual" hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatic tumor was negative for HAM 56, epithelial cytokeratins, muramidase, and alpha-1-antitrypsin, with only focal positivity for chymotrypsin in mononuclear and giant cells. The GCT was strongly positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and chymotrypsin in both the mononuclear and giant cells and showed focal, weak staining for AE1 and AE3 in the mononuclear stromal cells. Ultrastructurally, both mononuclear and giant cells of the HGCC showed features typical of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the patient presented in this report died, the pattern of growth was different from most hepatocellular carcinomas. The overall histologic features of this tumor are distinctive and appear to justify separating this variant from other types of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatic giant cell carcinoma. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. 215 1

Two cell lines (ACCS and ACCY) were isolated from two individuals with adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) using tissue culture techniques. Both cell lines have similar morphology, i.e., elongated and flattened cells with slender cytoplasmic processes. The two cell lines tend to form pseudocysts, which are a specific architectural feature of AdCC. Coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin was found in the two cell lines, which occasionally also contained S-100 protein and lactoferrin or lysozyme immunoreactivity. Moreover, ACCS and ACCY displayed potential for the production of a large amount of extracellular matrix including basal lamina components such as fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen and glycosaminoglycans which are also part of the basal lamina. These findings suggest that the tumor cells, probably basal or myoepithelial like cells, are responsible for the formation of the peculiar stroma of AdCC consisting of a large amount of collagen-like fibers, basal lamina components, and mucopolysaccharides.
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PMID:Biological characterization of pseudocyst-forming cell lines from human adenoid cystic carcinomas of minor salivary gland origin. 216 54

This paper reports the results of a study on the invasive characteristics of 22 colorectal cancer by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that adenocarcinoma cells stretching polymorphic pseudopodia penetrated into peripheral tissue and adhered to or invaded the vessels, but most of the mucoid carcinoma cells migrated separately into the tissue clefts and invaded the vessels. The invasive mode had dominant differentiation in two typical cancer. The author believes that colorectal cancer possesses two invasive factors: ameboid movement and destroying tissues by lysozyme.
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PMID:[SEM study of invasive characteristics of colorectal cancer]. 216 81

The normal pancreas consists of three major cell types or lineages that share a common embryologic origin from pluripotent endodermal precursors. The type of cell that undergoes neoplastic transformation to form a pancreatic carcinoma is controversial and may influence the phenotype and biologic behavior of the tumor. In this study, immunohistologic techniques were used to determine the cell lineage differentiation expressed in 29 primary exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas, five metastatic exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and five islet cell neoplasma. Specimens of normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis were used for comparison. The cell lineage markers consisted of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against trypsin and lipase (acinar cells); secretory component, carbonic anhydrase II, and pancreatic cancer mucin SPan-1 (ductal cells); and chromogranin-A and somatostatin (islet cells). The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and lysozyme were also determined. This collection of markers allowed the differentiation between acinar, ductal, and islet cells of normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis specimens. The expression of cell lineage markers in islet cell tumors was homogeneous and restricted to chromogranin-A. In contrast, the expression of these markers in primary and metastatic exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas was variable. Reactivity with monoclonal anti-CEA was absent in normal pancreas, and was present in 83% of chronic pancreatitis specimens as well as 90% of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In addition, lysozyme reactivity was absent in normal pancreas; however, lysozyme was expressed in one case of chronic pancreatitis, 17 cases of primary carcinoma, and three cases of metastatic carcinoma. These findings support the concept that the original transformed cell type in many pancreatic exocrine carcinomas resemble endodermal "stem cells" that retain the capability of differentiation along more than one cell lineage pathway.
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PMID:Cell lineage markers in human pancreatic cancer. 222 68

Nineteen gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma were selected from 554 surgical cases and examined pathologically and immunohistochemically using formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded materials. Most showed ulcerative lesion and 15 cases located in fundic and cardiac gland regions. They were subdivided histologically into three groups, early (group I), localized (group II) and infiltrative tumors (group III), the number of cases being 2, 10 and 7, respectively. Lymph node metastases occurred in 3 cases in group II and 6 in group III, the latter showing a significantly higher incidence. The number of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9 immunoreactive tumor cells was apparently smaller in gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma than in ordinary gastric carcinomas. Frequent presence of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunoreactivity characterized the tumor cells of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid cells. Stroma cells consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes and histiocytes. Of these, the greatest number examined immunohistochemically was B cells and IgG cells, followed in descending order by T cells, IgA cells and IgM cells in the order given. A variable number of lysozyme immunoreactive histiocytes were also detected in all the cases. Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma might be subclassified as a separate entity, although short term follow-up study did not demonstrate a favorable prognosis for this type of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. 222 25

Spontaneous fusion between lymphoid and carcinoma cells in vivo has been described previously. Splenocytes from mice treated with LPS or mitogen have been reported to fuse better with myeloma cells using PEG as fusion agent than splenocytes from untreated mice. We report a phenomenon where immunization of mice with formalin treated, whole Haemophilus paragallinarum bacteria induced spontaneous fusion of splenocytes with myeloma cells in vitro, without the aid of any fusion agent. Co-immunization of mice with H. paragallinarum and an unrelated antigen (hen's egg white lysozyme), followed by co-culturing of the immune splenocytes with SP2/0 myeloma cells, yielded stable hybridoma cell lines producing anti-lysozyme antibodies. H. paragallinarum may be used in adjuvants to simplify the production of monoclonal antibodies, and the discovery of a promotional activity of a gram negative bacterium on cell fusion and hybridoma formation may shed new light on spontaneous fusion as a natural immune phenomenon in cancer.
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PMID:Spontaneous fusion between splenocytes and myeloma cells induced by bacterial immunization. 225 87

Collecting duct carcinoma is an unusual variant of renal cell carcinoma, whose appearance and behavior are not well established. We identified six cases of collecting duct carcinoma in our files. The clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of these tumors are reported. The most common symptom was gross hematuria (four cases). Two patients had cervical adenopathy due to metastatic tumor. Four rapidly developed systemic metastases and died within 4 to 24 months. The primary renal tumors were located predominantly in the renal medulla and pelvis and had a partially cystic white-gray appearance. Histologic examination showed prominent tubulopapillary structures, nests of clear cells, and infiltrating tubules in a dense desmoplastic stroma. Atypical hyperplastic changes were found in some of the adjacent collecting ducts. Mucicarminophilic material was present in glandular elements in all six cases. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positivity with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen, keratins, peanut agglutinin, vimentin, Leu M1 and lysozyme. The location of this tumor in the medulla, its distinctive histologic appearance, mucin positivity, expression of high molecular weight cytokeratins, and peanut agglutinin suggest that this is a distinct clinicopathologic entity which has an aggressive clinical course.
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PMID:Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. 231 86

Thirty-one cases of thyroid malignancies which were originally classified as anaplastic carcinoma were reexamined immunohistochemically using PAP methods (peroxidase:antiperoxidase) for IgM, IgG, IgA, cytokeratin, calcitonin, lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin. The reclassification results were compared with patient data such as clinical symptoms, treatment modalities, and clinical outcome. Postoperative radiotherapy was carried out in more than 80% of cases, chemotherapy in none. Seven of 31 tumors showed a positive staining for IgM (n = 4), IgG (n = 2), and IgA (n = 1) antibodies. All of these cases were negative for epithelial markers. Surprisingly, not only all small cell tumors (n = 3) but also 4 tissues with predominantly giant cell areas were among those reclassified as primary malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical reclassification of anaplastic carcinoma reveals small and giant cell lymphoma. 236 31


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