Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary carcinoid tumours of the middle ear are extremely rare, only nine cases having been reported. However, their true incidence is probably greater, since they are very difficult or impossible to distinguish from adenomas and adenocarcinomas with conventional histological stains. We describe the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in a carcinoid tumour of the middle ear in a 50-year-old woman. Immunohistochemical studies on non-neoplastic middle ear mucosa undertaken to investigate the histogenesis of such tumours are also reported. Histologically, the tumour consisted of both solid areas and areas of tubular structures containing intraluminal mucus. All the tumour cells reacted with the anti-keratin antibody KL 1; some were argyrophil and reacted with antibodies against neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, Leu-7, serotonin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and lysozyme. Electron microscopy revealed dense core granules in the tumour cells. Endocrine cells could not be detected in non-neoplastic middle ear mucosa. Pancreatic-polypeptide-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated immunohistochemically in all three other published cases of carcinoid tumour of the middle ear investigated for this peptide, and glucagon-like immunoreactivity was also exhibited by one of these. Since carcinoid tumours of the middle ear often, as in this case, exhibit some degree of glandular differentiation, immunohistochemical or electron-microscopic investigation to detect neuroendocrine differentiation is of particular importance in adenomatous middle ear neoplasms.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumour of the middle ear. A morphological and immunohistochemical study with comments on histogenesis and differential diagnosis. 248 Dec 99

A wide range of tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and lysozyme in order to evaluate their specificity as histiocytic markers and their significance in the diagnostic and histogenetic evaluation of fibrohistiocytic tumors. Besides histiocytic lesions, AAT immunoreactivity was commonly found in different types of carcinomas and sarcomas, and strong immunoreactivity was found in carcinoid tumors, malignant melanomas, and schwannomas, which, however, had negative results for lysozyme. The AAT immunoreactivity could be abolished with the absorption of the antibody with purified AAT also in nonhistiocytic tumors. The neoplastic pleomorphic cells in malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) usually had strongly positive results for AAT, whereas only entrapped histocytes had positive results for lysozyme and for two monoclonal antibodies to histomonocytic cells. The results show that AAT has a relatively low specificity as a histiocytic marker, and one should be careful in concluding the histiocytic nature of tumors, such as MFHs, based on AAT immunostaining. It seems also questionable whether AAT can be used as a diagnostic marker for MFH. The reason for the widespread AAT immunoreactivity in various tumors may be that AAT is taken up from serum to various types of nonhistiocytic tumor cells.
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PMID:Alpha-1-antitrypsin and lysozyme. Their limited significance in fibrohistiocytic tumors. 254 6

A case of carcinoid tumor of the appendix with "signet ring" cells pattern and asymptomatic clinical course is presented. The tumor was detected during a Bilroth I gastrectomy procedure. Mucin-secreting cells with cytoplasms often containing argentaffin and argyrophil granules was the predominant histologic pattern. Lack of neuron-specific enolase activity and their positivity for lysozyme and EMA marker indicate an origin from crypt cell and not a neural crest source. After simple appendectomy, the patient was healthy 3 years following surgery.
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PMID:[Signet ring cell carcinoid of the appendix. Morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of a case]. 303 54

A rare case of carcinoid tumor mimicking an acinic cell tumor is presented. A bicameral tumor measuring 8 x 6 mm in size was recognized in the right lung (B5bi) upon gross examination. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of basophilic polygonal cells forming an acinar pattern. Ultrastructurally, the majority of tumor cells had large membrane-bound cytoplasmic granules, measuring about 600 nm in diameter, which were similar to secretary granules of serous acinar cells (zymogen granules). These findings suggested that the tumor might be an acinic cell tumor originating from the bronchial gland. However, tumor cells were shown to be negative for periodic and Schiff (PAS) stain or lactoferrin, lysozyme and amylase immunohistochemically. On the other hand, they were shown to be argyrophilic by Grimelius stain and showed immunohistochemically positive reaction for serotonin, suggesting that the granules were neurosecretory granules and not zymogen granules. Based on these findings, we concluded that this tumor was an unusual variant of carcinoid tumor mimicking acinic cell tumor. Although carcinoid tumor has a wide histological spectrum, there has been no reported case, to our knowledge, of acinic cell tumor-like carcinoid tumor.
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PMID:Bronchial carcinoid tumor mimicking acinic cell tumor. 340 Apr 70

Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear are rare, with only three previously reported cases. The authors report the light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features of two carcinoid tumors that occurred in a 34-year-old female and a 21-year-old male. Both presented with unilateral hearing loss. By light microscopic examination, both were characterized by trabecula of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei and no mitotic activity. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated large numbers of pleomorphic neurosecretory granules, perinuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments, cell junctions, and surface microvillous processes. Some cells contained intermediate filaments forming tonofilaments and lacked secretory granules. These cells stained for cytokeratin by immunoperoxidase and separated the neuroendocrine cells from the underlying basal lamina. The cells in this tumor stained for the molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide. Cells in both tumors also stained for pancreatic polypeptide. Neither case stained for lysozyme, insulin, glucagon, somatastatin, gastrin, substance P, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, neurotensin, Bombesin, serotonin, neuron-specific enolose, glial and neural filaments, S-100 protein, cholecystokinin, beta-endorphin, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, prolactin or calcitonin. Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear can be distinguished from paraganglioma and middle ear adenoma.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear. 357 33

The heterogeneity of histiocytes in primary lung cancer was investigated by immunohistochemical methods using anti-S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies on paraffin sections and OKT-6 monoclonal antibody on frozen sections. T-zone histiocytes (Langerhans cells and their precursors stained by anti-S100 protein and/or OKT-6 monoclonal antibodies) heavily infiltrated tumor tissues and regional lymph nodes in cases of moderately or well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, especially in areas of papillary growth or bronchiolo-alveolar pattern. These cells were interspersed amongst tumor cells showing dendritic figures and were occasionally present in squamous cell carcinoma. However, they were seldom found in other histological types, particularly in small cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor. The distribution of these cells was different from that of lysozyme-positive macrophages. In this connection, T-zone histiocytes were thought to have a different immunological function from that of the monocyte-macrophage series against lung cancer. The closely similar reactivity of T-zone histiocytes with anti-S100 protein and OKT-6 monoclonal antibodies indicated that these two markers can be employed for paraffin and frozen sections, respectively.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of histiocytes in primary lung cancer stained with anti-S100 protein, lysozyme and OKT 6 antibodies. 608 77

A series of 16 carcinoid tumors of the appendix, including four examples of so-called adenocarcinoid tumors, has been studied immunohistochemically for the presence of lysozyme, secretory component (SC) and IgA, within tumor cells. Stains for mucin, Paneth cells, and APUD cells were also performed. Of the conventional carcinoid tumors, eight showed focal tubule formation with production of PAS-positive material. In contrast to conventional carcinoids, including those showing tubule formation, adenocarcinoids contained few APUD cells and showed positive staining of tumor cells for lysozyme, SC, and IgA. Paneth cells, staining positively for lysozyme, were present in two cases and mucin-containing Paneth cells were observed. A parallel study of normal small intestinal mucosa demonstrated a population of lysozyme containing goblet cells within the crypts. It is suggested that so-called adenocarcinoid tumors are not derived from APUD cells but from lysozyme-producing cells of the type normally present in small intestinal crypts.
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PMID:Crypt cell carcinoma of the appendix (so-called adenocarcinoid tumor). 723 17

A 47-year-old man was admitted with appendicitis, and appendectomy was performed. On microscopic examination of the resected specimen, the presence of goblet cell carcinoid in the tip of appendix was revealed. This tumor showed an aggressive nature with perineural and vascular invasion around the appendiceal serosa. The tumor was composed of two main cell populations: mucin-producing (goblet cell type) and silver-positive cells (endocrine differentiation). Additionally, a few cells were also positive for serotonin and lysozyme, but negative for gastrin and ACTH. These findings suggest that goblet cell carcinoid share some functional and histologic characteristics with carcinoid tumors and adenocarcinomas, although it is a distinct entity.
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PMID:Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix. 794 43

The monoclonal antibody KP-1 that recognizes the lysosome-associated glycoprotein CD68 was used together with antibodies to other antigens (actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, keratin, neurofilaments, chromogranin, synaptophysin, S-100 protein, HMB-45, lysozyme, and HLA-DR) in a labeled streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method to phenotypically characterize 27 granular cell tumors, five schwannomas, five neurofibromas, two ganglioneuromas, three ganglioneuroblastomas, five carcinoid tumors, five malignant melanomas, and five examples of histiocytosis X. The neoplastic cells in all 27 of the granular cell tumors and four of the five schwannomas strongly stained for CD68, whereas none of the neurofibromas, ganglioneuromas, ganglioneuroblastomas, or carcinoid tumors contained CD68-positive tumor cells. These findings further strengthen previous observations, suggesting a histogenetic relationship between granular cell tumors and Schwann cells. KP-1 reactivity also was demonstrated in cells of histiocytosis X and malignant melanoma, complementing other studies that extend the tumor types positive in immunoperoxidase stains using this antibody.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of the lysosome-associated glycoprotein CD68 (KP-1) in granular cell tumors and schwannomas. 854 22

Middle ear adenoma (MEA) is a rare tumor postulated to take origin from the lining epithelium of the middle ear cavity. The authors report on a case of MEA arising in a 53-year old woman suffering from a sensation of fullness in her left ear, otalgia, and light left-sided hearing loss. Histopathologically, the lesion was composed of cuboidal and polygonal cells displaying a trabecular, tubulo-glandular, and solid pattern of growth. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells diffusely stained with anti-vimentin antibodies and were focally positive for chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, lysozyme, and cytokeratins AE1/AE3. The majority of tumor cells showed weak and diffuse staining with both anti-PP and anti-ACTH antibodies and intense positivity with anti-glucagon and anti Leu-7 antibodies. Ultrastructural investigation revealed both mucinous-glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation. The authors suggest that the appropriate terminology would be adeno-carcinoid or amphicrine tumor of the middle ear rather than "adenoma," a term that does not reflect its dual nature.
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PMID:Middle ear adenoma is an amphicrine tumor: why call it adenoma? 1129 23


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