Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been reported that lymphocytes from cancer patients give positive responses to PPD, myelin basic protein, tumour basic protein, and certain histone fractions in the MEM test. The underlying mechanisms of the MEM test are poorly understood, but it is widely assumed that it detects immunological sensitization to specific antigenic determinants. The cross-reactivity experienced is interpreted as indicating shared antigenicity. Since all the stimulatory proteins are strongly basic we investigated an alternative explanation that responsiveness is a function of electrical charge by comparing the known stimulatory proteins in the MEM test with two others of similar basicity: lysozyme and cytochrome-C. We obtained highly significant stimulation with PPD, tryptophane peptide of myelin, and tumour basic protein using Mantoux + cancer patients, but found no response to other basic proteins. We failed to confirm the reported activity of histone F2a. Our results indicate that basicity alone is insufficient to elicit response, and strengthens the concept that the MEM test is measuring sensitization to the determinants shared by myelin and tumour basic protein.
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PMID:Responses of cancer patients in the MEM test: not just a function of charge on basic proteins. 6 Jan 19

In the first part of this work patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 36 cases and normal subjects, 49 cases have been studied by lymphocyte cultures stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Con A convalently bound to sepharose 4 B (Con A-S). The comparisons between the two groups have shown a significant difference between the RA lymphocytes and the control lymphocytes stimulated by PHA and Con A. However no statistical difference has been found between the two lymphocytes populations stimulated by PWM and Con A-S. In view to determining the lymphocyte population stimulated by each mitogen, separations of B- and T-cells from peripheral blood have been performed according to the ability for the T-cells population to bind the sheep red blood-cells (rosette forming cells). The T-cell rich population was only stimulated by PHA, Con A and PWM. Although the T-cell depleted one has shown no response to these mitogens, a response to Con A-S was elicited. In the second part of this work, patients with RA, patients with positive tuberculin (PPD) skin-tests and controls were studied. The lymphocytes from these groups were cultured in serum-free medium to obtain cell-free supernatants. These lymphocyte cultures were preincubated with the appropriate antigen or reconstituted after removal of the cells. Supernants from RA lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by undenaturated IgG induced an inhibition of the leucocyte migration, as well as the supernatants from tuberculin-sensitized lymphocytes. However, supernatants from non-RA lymphocytes or tuberculin-unsensitized lymphocytes did not show such an inhibition. These MIF like supernatants have been studied by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. A MIF like activity has been found for PPD and IgG supernatants between the chymotrypsinogen (MW 23,000) and the lysozyme (MW 17,000). This MIF like activity could be due to RA lymphocytes stimulated by undenatured IgG.
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PMID:Stimulation of lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients by mitogens and IgG. 13 82

Seven patients (6 with connective tissue diseases, 1 with bronchial asthma) have been studied before, during, and after prednisone therapy. Maximum dose was 15 mg daily, which was tapered off to zero within three months. All patients showed striking subjective improvement during therapy. The ESR reflected this improvement but the acute phase proteins did not. The serum concentration of prealbumin rose significantly during the period of most intensive steroid treatment. IgE decreased in the patient with bronchial asthma, but otherwise the immunoglobulins did not change, and positive serological tests remained unchanged. Contact sensitization to haptens was induced without impairment during therapy. Prednisone induced rises in blood lymphocyte and neutrophil concentrations. Lymphocyte transformation, both mitogen- and antigen-induced, was not influenced by therapy, but PPD-induced inhibition of leucocyte migration decreased. Neutrophil phagocytosis was unimparied, but bactericidal capacity, stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and neutrophil and plasma lysozyme concentrations were all depressed during treatment with prednisone.
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PMID:Sequential studies of lymphocytes, neutrophils and serum proteins during prednisone treatment. 108 10

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), patients with positive tuberculin (PPD) skin-tests and controls were studied. The lymphocytes from these groups were cultured in serum-free medium to obtain cell-free supernatants. These lymphocyte cultures were pre-incubated with the appropriate antigen or reconstituted after removal of the cells. Supernatants from RA lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by IgG induced an inhibition of the leucocyte migration, as well as the supernatants from tuberculin-sensitized lymphocytes. However, supernatants from non-RA lymphocytes or tuberculin-unsensitized lymphocytes did not show such an inhibition. These MIF-like supernatants have been studied by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. A MIF activity has been found for PPD and IgG supernatants between the chymotrypsinogen (MW 23,000) and the lysozyme (MW 17,000). This seems to agree with the classical region where MIF can be usually isolated.
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PMID:Production of MIF-like supernatants by rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes stimulated by immunoglobulin G. 110 42

Thirty seven patients with sarcoidosis were examined using ultrasound (US) to determine the size of the spleen. A Spleen Index (SI) was employed to evaluate splenomegaly and the SI was calculated using long (a) and short (b) dimensions on the sectional splenotomogram (SI = a x b). In 21 (57%) of these patients the spleen was judged ultrasonographically to be enlarged (SI 30), but in only 3 was it palpable. The clinical records of patients with and without splenomegaly detected by US were compared. There were no differences between patients with or without splenomegaly in hematologic findings (peripheral blood and bone marrow) or blood chemistry; furthermore no patients with hypersplenism were seen. In immunological parameters, the serum immunosuppressive acid protein level was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in patients with splenomegaly than in those without splenomegaly; however, there were no differences in serum angiotenins converting enzyme activity, serum lysozyme level, PPD skin test or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis. The patients with splenomegaly had significantly higher evidence of increased uptake of 67-Gallium in lung fields and positive lung infiltrates in chest X-ray than those without splenomegaly (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05). These data suggest that ultrasound is a promising diagnostic tool for the assessment of the size of the spleen and is useful to detect disease activity and extent of disease in sarcoidosis. Patients with sarcoidosis who had splenomegaly had more disseminated disease, especially pulmonary parenchymal disease, than did those without splenomegaly.
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PMID:[Ultrasonographic analysis of splenomegaly in patients with sarcoidosis]. 221 17

Bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy was observed in a 32-year-old man who had been engaged in asbestos spraying for 16 years. Lymph nodes obtained from Daniel's biopsy revealed tissue reaction compatible with sarcoidosis. On the other hand, a large number of asbestos particles were detected in the lung tissue from transbronchial lung biopsy and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but no epithelioid granuloma was observed in the lung tissue. Various immunoserological findings such as PPD skin test, serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity, serum beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme level, serum antinuclear antibody, lymphocyte subset of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were inconsistent with sarcoidosis. However, lymph node enlargement and immunological abnormalities in this patient may be related to asbestos exposure and may not have occurred merely by chance.
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PMID:Sarcoid reaction observed in a worker with a history of asbestos exposure. 223 96

Cancer grows in interaction with the host, that is, a host-tumor relationship exists. Investigations of host factors in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy are important, as they reveal the conditions in which a tumor response can develop. Furthermore, reliable host factors, if present, will be useful for quantitative evaluation of the effects of treatment. We have investigated the following three categories of host factors in relation to the effects of cancer chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. CBC, and blood chemistries (44 parameters). Tumor markers; sialic acid, RNase, lysozyme, ferritin, IAP (immunosuppressive acidic protein), elastase I, AFP, CEA, POA, CA 19-9, CA 125, etc. Immunological parameters; lymphocyte, active T cell, T cell, B cell, IgG Fc receptor-positive T cell, lymphocyte blastogenesis stimulated by PHA, or concanavalin-A, ADCC activity, interferon production in vitro induced by poly I: C, or PHA, PPD skin test, immune complex, immunoglobulin G, A, and M, OKT series 3, 4, 8, 11, 4/8 ratio, antihuman HLA-DR, Leu 11, NK cell activity, etc. From our clinical observations, there were no significant differences in the pretreatment levels of these parameters between responders and non-responders. In responders, there was a tendency for the host factors to show greater degrees of improvement following treatment than in non-responders, but none proved to be reasonably reliable parameters for evaluating therapeutic effects. On the other hand, from our clinical observations on the advanced gastric cancer cases, life span showed a close correlation with tumor regression induced by cancer chemotherapy. Because of these facts, it is only natural that the clinical effects of chemotherapy are currently determined by definite tumor regression.
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PMID:[Host factors in cancer chemotherapy]. 372 33

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology affecting all organ systems. Breast involvement accounts for less than 1 per cent of cases. In most cases systemic symptoms precede the finding of breast involvement. Involvement of the breast as the primary manifestation of this disease is a rare occurrence. A review of the literature shows a total of 29 cases published in the English language literature between 1921 and 1993. In these cases, less than a third had the breast as the primary organ involved. All cases of sarcoid breast disease presented as breast masses. Biopsy was done in most cases to rule out a malignant breast lesion. In four of the cases reviewed, sarcoid lesions and malignancy coexisted. Pathological features of sarcoidosis are typical for noncaseating lesion; however, differentiation from tuberculosis may be difficult. The PPD and Kviem test should be performed to help come to a diagnosis. Patients with primary breast involvement are highly likely to have subclinical pulmonary disease. Pulmonary function testing, serum lysozyme, and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels are helpful in assessing activity of the disease, and directing therapy. We present a case of sarcoidosis of the breast as the primary manifestation of sarcoidosis, and a review of the literature to illustrate these points.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis of the breast: case report and chart review. 766 74

A 29-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of exertional dyspnea and progressive eruption on the buttocks and the lower extremities. Chest roentgenograms and computed tomograms taken at that time revealed diffuse fibrotic changes accompanied by multiple cavities and bullae in the lungs. There were no signs of mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. A chest roentgenogram taken 7 years before admission showed no abnormalities. Serum ACE and lysozyme levels were high: 29.9 IU/l and 14.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. 67Ga scintigraphy showed diffuse uptake in both lung fields. The PPD skin test was negative, and repeated sputum smears and cultures were negative for pyogenic bacteria and acid-fast bacilli. Examination of transbronchial lung biopsy and skin biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis--they showed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas with giant cells and a negative reaction of the stain to acid-fast bacilli, which are compatible with sarcoidosis. The patient was given 30 mg/d of prednisone orally. The dyspnea and eruption were clearly alleviated, although there was little roentgenographic regression of cystic or fibrotic changes. There have been only a few reports of cystic and fibrotic changes early in the course of sarcoidosis. The cystic lesions in this case were probably secondary pulmonary cavities caused by the contracting and obstructive changes related to pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:[A case of sarcoidosis with advanced cystic and fibrotic changes in a young patient]. 773 83

A 57-year-old man was admitted with massive nasal bleeding and blurred vision in January, 1991. Laboratory examination showed a prominent decrease of platelet number (1,000/microliters) and a marked elevation of PAIgG (4,025 ng/10(7) cells). Serological test revealed positive antinuclear factor, low concentration of C3 and C4, high level of immune complex and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. The patient had uveitis and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy with a high level of serum lysozyme and negative PPD skin test. The diagnosis of SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia and sarcoidosis was made. In spite of the various trials of treatment, such as oral prednisolone (PSL), methyl-PSL pulse therapy, plasma exchange, high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, vincristine, colchicine, cyclosporine-A, mizoribine, danazol, ascorbic acid and interferon alpha 2b, the platelet number could not be raised enough to keep more than 10,000/microliters, though the level of PAIgG decreased to 200 ng/10(7) cells. Finally, the administration of 75 mg/day of dapsone brought about a significant rise in platelet number within 2 weeks. The maximum number of 6.2 x 10(4)/microliters was obtained after 2 months. Then the patient stopped himself to take the drug, but the platelet number remained around 4-5 x 10(4)/microliters. Same dose of the drug was again prescribed to confirm the effect of dapsone. The platelet number increased to 7.9 x 10(4)/microliters in 2 weeks, and gradually returned to 5 x 10(4)/microliters after cessation of the drug. Thus being certainly effective against thrombocytopenia, dapsone should be considered as one of the therapeutic choice for refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of dapsone on refractory immune thrombocytopenia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with sarcoidosis]. 836 Sep 92


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