Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), other proteinases, and eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF-G) are known to be elevated in hepatic hypersensitivity granulomas of thymus intact (nu/+) mice after Schistosoma mansoni infection. The enzyme activities also increase, but to a lesser degree in hepatic granulomas of athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, and ECF-G is not detectable. In this study isolated hepatic granulomas from nu/+ mice were grafted into the skin of uninfected nu/nu mice, and changes in those cellular functions were determined to examine whether the newly formed granulomas by recipient nu/nu cells acquire the functional activities as well as the histological appearance of nu/+ granulomas. ACE and ECF-G rapidly disappeared from grafted sites during the first 5 days, corresponding to loss of nu/+ cells from the graft. Reduction in activities of arylsulfatases, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase also occurred, but to a lesser extent. Recovery of ACE and ECF-G activities to the levels seen in nu/+ hepatic granulomas was observed by 14 days after grafting when nu/nu cells had accumulated in the grafts and formed new granulomas. Other enzymes increased to approximately half the levels seen in grafted donor granulomas. Circulating eosinophilia also increased. The findings indicate that nu/nu cells that accumulated in the skin grafts not only morphologically mimicked nu/+ type granulomas but also demonstrated nu/+ levels of cellular function. Analysis of skin granulomas developing in nu/+ mice after grafting of nu/+ hepatic granulomas showed the similar histology and enzymatic changes, whereas the skin sites inoculated with purified schistosome eggs alone caused neither significant histological changes nor elevation of ACE activity.
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PMID:Induction of granuloma-dependent angiotensin-converting enzyme and eosinophil chemotactic factor in the skin of athymic nude mice. 303 35

Spleen, thymus and lymph node of human fetuses from the 12th to the 38rd week (spleen from 9 weeks) were investigated in an immunohistological study on B5-fixed paraffin embedded tissues, employing a panel of recently developed monoclonal antibodies, reactive with antigens resistant against fixation and paraffin embedment. The monoclonal antibodies included were MT1, MT2, MB1, MB2, MB3, LN1, LN2, LN3, LeuM1, Leu7, VIE-G4, together with polyclonal antibodies reactive with immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, and with lysozyme and S100-protein. The preservation of morphological detail together with immunoperoxidase staining of cellular subsets, allowed an accurate determination of the ontogenic development of the different cell types in situ, in relation to their micro-environment. The use of paraffin tissue reactive (monoclonal) antibodies gives an extra dimension to the study of fetal lymphoid tissues. This is of particular advantage in studies on very fragile tissues as in early embryonal and fetal ontogeny.
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PMID:Immuno-architecture of human fetal lymphoid tissues. 314 91

The purpose of this experiment was to elucidate whether the effect of exogenous prolactin (PRL) on immunity parameters of White Leghorn chickens varies during the day. The experiment was carried out on cockerels kept after hatching during 6 weeks under L:D = 12:12 conditions. During 5 consecutive days cockerels were injected with bovine PRL (150 micrograms per bird daily) or its solvent at different time points, i.e., at 0, 4, 8 or 12 HALO (Hours After Light Onset). The birds were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection at the same time point when the injections were given. It was found that given at 4 HALO prolactin raised, whereas at 8 HALO it decreased the peripheral lymphocyte number. PRL had no effect on granulocyte number, natural anti-rabbit red blood cells (anti-RRBC) agglutinin titre and serum lysozyme activity. Administered at 0 and 12 HALO PRL tended to decrease the thymus and bursa of Fabricius weight. This different PRL effect on peripheral lymphocytes in chickens during the circadian period may be one of the causes of varying effect of this hormone on immunity (stimulatory or suppressive) described in literature. The role of PRL in regulation of immunity is discussed in relation to the possibility of PRL receptors occurrence on chickens lymphocytes.
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PMID:Daily variations in response of certain immunity indices to prolactin in White Leghorn chickens. 375 95

The genetic control of the immune response may be either specific for antigenic carrier or for determinant. We describe here results which show that a carrier-dependent strain defect in immune response is reflected in thymocytes. These results are in agreement with our hypothesis that the genetic defect in the immune response is reflected in thymocytes when the poor response is at the carrier level, whereas it is expressed in the bone marrow population when the low responsiveness is strictly at the determinant level. SWR mice are low responders to multichain polyproline. Furthermore, this mouse strain does not produce antibodies to determinants such as peptides of phenylalanine and glutamic acid (Phe,Glu) or to the loop peptide of lysozyme when attached to polyproline, although they respond well to the same antigenic determinants when conjugated to multichain poly(DL-alanine). Transfer experiments in which irradiated SWR recipients were injected with excess of DBA/1 thymocytes (which do not exhibit a defect in response to polyproline) mixed with graded numbers of SWR marrow cells, prior to immunization with poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(Pro)--poly(Lys), have indicated that the poor response potential of SWR mice to polyproline is not reflected in their bone marrow cells. Allogeneic transfers in which mixtures of thymocytes and marrow cells from high and low responders were injected into irradiated mice, followed by immunization with poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(Pro)--poly(Lys) or poly(Phe,Glu)-poly(Pro)--poly(Lys) have demonstrated a clear defect in the thymus derived population of SWR mice when the response potential to polyproline and to determinants attached to it was tested.
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PMID:The role of the thymus in a genetically controlled defect of the immune response at the carrier level. 413 52

A genetic disorder of rabbits consisting of a deficiency of the enzyme lysozyme is characterized. The condition appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Most of the tissues of lysozyme-deficient rabbits including bone marrow, liver, lung. spleen and bone had levels of lysozyme which were 1% or less of the levels in the corresponding tissues of normal rabbits when measured with the lysoplate method. Levels of lysozyme in the kidney and serum were 6% of controls, but the thymus of the lysozyme-deficient rabbits had normal levels of the enzyme. All leukocytes of the lysozyme-deficient rabbits were negative for lysozyme when examined by a histobacterial technic. No morphologic lesions could be detected in any of the tissues of the lysozyme-deficient rabbits. Although several species of animals have been reported to be lysozyme deficient, this appears to be the first report of lysozyme deficiency occurring as a mutant condition. It is suggested that these mutant rabbits may be useful as a resource for experiments designed to delineate the biologic role of lysozyme.
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PMID:Lysozyme deficiency-an inherited disorder of rabbits. 444 31

This report concerns the influence of the thymus on the response to antilymphocyte serum (ALS) in newborn mice of the Balb/C strain. Thymectomy or sham surgery was performed within 24 hours of birth and the 120 involved mice divided into the following experimental groups on the basis of the material subsequently injected: isotonic saline, normal rabbit serum, antilymphocyte serum, neonatal thymectomy, neonatal thymectomy plus normal rabbit serum and neonatal thymectomy plus antilymphocyte serum. Parameters evaluated included spleen index, mortality, absolute lymphocyte count, renal lysozyme activity, primary and secondary hemolysin titers. The results suggest that, in contradistinction to adult mice, the consequences of ALS administration to newborns are but slowly reversible and complete recovery may not be possible in the absence of the thymus.
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PMID:Effects of antilymphocyte serum in neonatally thymectomized mice. 513 89

The thymus was the site of a true histiocytic lymphoma. Immunohistochemical demonstration of lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin in the tumor cells indicated the histiocytic nature of the tumor. Five fetal and five adult thymus glands were studied for the presence and distribution of true histiocytic cells. Histiocytes were demonstrated predominantly in the connective tissue septa and constituted approximately 2% of cells in these thymuses. Histiocytes are therefore a normal constituent of the thymus, which may become the primary site of true histiocytic lymphoma.
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PMID:True histiocytic lymphoma of the thymus. Report of a case and a study of the distribution of histiocytic cells in the fetal and adult thymus. 639 Nov 50

The lymphoid interdigitating cell (IDC) was investigated in human and rat thymus. A glial protein, S-100, was demonstrated in IDCs found in the human and rat thymic medulla by light microscopic immunocytochemistry. This marker served to distinguish IDCs from conventional macrophages of the thymic cortex. IDCs were S-100+, lysozyme-. Cortical macrophages were S-100-, lysozyme+. Thymic epithelial cells and lymphocytes possessed none of these markers. Examination of human fetal thymic tissue revealed that the IDC is present within the thymus very early in embryogenesis. Ultrastructural analysis of a developmental series of the rat thymus identified IDCs and macrophages. Medullary IDCs possessed many of the morphologic features of the epidermal Langerhans cell including the Birbeck granule. Cortical macrophages contained many inclusion bodies and lysosomes indicative of active phagocytosis. Some changes in IDC shape and structure were noted during maturation in the rat that may reflect the migration of this cell into the thymic parenchyma.
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PMID:Thymic interdigitating reticulum cells demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. 649 65

An unusual case of classic thymic granuloma is reported. A 16-year-old boy presented with a huge mediastinal mass and the superior vena caval syndrome. Irradiation and combination chemotherapy induced complete remission, despite several episodes of lymph node recurrence. Examination of the first biopsy specimen was considered to indicate a histiocytic tumor or malignant form of eosinophilic granuloma, because of the diffuse proliferation of histiocytes and marked infiltration of eosinophils. Late involvement in the lymph node appeared to have the same histologic characteristics as the mediastinal tumor. Immunohistochemically, the proliferating histiocytes were stained with anti-S100 protein IgG but not with anti-lysozyme or anti-NCA (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen with carcinoembryonic antigen) antibody. These characteristics were similar to those of interdigitating cells in the lymph nodes, thymus, and other lymphoid tissues. The relationship of this case to mediastinal Hodgkin's disease or proliferative disorders of histiocytes is discussed.
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PMID:A case of large "thymic granuloma". Neoplasm of T-zone histiocyte. 649 38

The in vivo effect of a calf thymus extract, thymostimulin, on the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and serum lysozyme was evaluated in 32 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease. Using the platelet aggregation test for detecting CICs, 12 patients (37%) had positive titers before thymostimulin treatment; 3 patients (10%) remained positive following therapy. Serum levels of Clq-binding immune complexes were evaluated (greater than 24.5 micrograms/ml) in 8 patients prior to thymostimulin therapy (mean value: 42.3 micrograms/ml); 3 patients continued to have elevated levels after treatment. Serum lysozyme levels for Hodgkin's patients was similar to control values (10.6 vs. 8.3 micrograms/ml); however, the Hodgkin's patients with initially elevated CICs had a lower serum lysozyme level than patients with initially normal CICs (12.9 vs. 7.3, p less than 0.02). Thymostimulin increased serum lysozyme levels in the Hodgkin's patients in whom the CICs were initially elevated (7.3 vs. 10.4 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.05). These data suggest that thymostimulin exerts an effect on the nonspecific immune system of Hodgkin's disease patients.
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PMID:The in vivo effect of thymic factor (thymostimulin) administration on circulating immune complexes and serum lysozyme levels in untreated Hodgkin's disease patients. 666 95


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