Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:3.2.1.15 (
pectinase
)
2,440
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Soybean hulls were evaluated as a resource for production of ethanol by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process, and no pretreatment of the hulls was found to be needed to realize high ethanol yields with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D(5)A. The impact of cellulase, beta-glucosidase and
pectinase
dosages were determined at a 15% biomass loading, and ethanol concentrations of 25-30 g/L were routinely obtained, while under these conditions corn stover, wheat straw, and switchgrass produced 3-4 times lower ethanol yields. Removal of carbohydrates also concentrated the hull protein to over 25% w/w from the original roughly 10%. Analysis of the soybean hulls before and after fermentation showed similar amino acid profiles including an increase in the essential amino acids lysine and
threonine
in the residues. Thus, eliminating pretreatment should assure that the protein in the hulls is preserved, and conversion of the carbohydrates to ethanol with high yields produces a more concentrated and valuable co-product in addition to ethanol. The resulting upgraded feed product from soybean hulls would likely to be acceptable to monogastric as well as bovine livestock.
...
PMID:Fermentation of soybean hulls to ethanol while preserving protein value. 1932 81
Nearly all mungbean cultivars are completely susceptible to seed bruchids (
Callosobruchus chinensis
and
Callosobruchus maculatus
). Breeding bruchid-resistant mungbean is a major goal in mungbean breeding programs. Recently, we demonstrated in mungbean (
Vigna radiata
) accession V2802 that
VrPGIP2
, which encodes a
polygalacturonase
inhibiting protein (PGIP), is the
Br
locus responsible for resistance to
C. chinensis
and
C. maculatus
. In this study, mapping in mungbean accession V2709 using a BC
11
F
2
population of 355 individuals revealed that a single major quantitative trait locus, which controlled resistance to both
C. chinensis
and
C. maculatus
, was located in a 237.35 Kb region of mungbean chromosome 5 that contained eight annotated genes, including
VrPGIP1
(
LOC106760236
) and
VrPGIP2
(
LOC106760237
).
VrPGIP1
and
VrPGIP2
are located next to each other and are only 27.56 Kb apart. Sequencing
VrPGIP1
and
VrPGIP2
in "V2709" revealed new alleles for both VrPGIP1 and VrPGIP2, named
VrPGIP1-1
and
VrPGIP2-2
, respectively.
VrPGIP2-2
has one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 554 of wild type
VrPGIP2
. This SNP is a guanine to cystine substitution and causes a proline to arginine change at residue 185 in the VrPGIP2 of "V2709".
VrPGIP1-1
has 43 SNPs compared with wild type and "V2802", and 20 cause amino acid changes in VrPGIP1. One change is
threonine
to proline at residue 185 in VrPGIP1, which is the same as in VrPGIP2. Sequence alignments of VrPGIP2 and VrPGIP1 from "V2709" with common bean (
Phaseolus vulgaris
) PGIP2 revealed that residue 185 in VrPGIP2 and VrPGIP1 contributes to the secondary structures of proteins that affect interactions between PGIP and
polygalacturonase
, and that some amino acid changes in VrPGIP1 also affect interactions between PGIP and
polygalacturonase
. Thus, tightly linked
VrPGIP1
and
VrPGIP2
are the likely genes at the
Br
locus that confer bruchid resistance in mungbean "V2709".
...
PMID:Novel Alleles of Two Tightly Linked Genes Encoding Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Proteins (VrPGIP1 and VrPGIP2) Associated with the
Br
Locus That Confer Bruchid (
Callosobruchus
spp.) Resistance to Mungbean (
Vigna radiata
) Accession V2709. 2903 65
