Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.15 (pectinase)
 2,440 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from flower buds of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HIB 1,2,3). The neutral polysaccharides (HIB 1 and 2) are composed of arabinans and arabinogalactans of low relative molecular mass. The major fraction was investigated by methylation analysis, pectinase-treatment, mild acid hydrolysis and NMR studies, and it was shown to be a pectin-like molecule (Mr = 10(5)d). The main chain is composed of alpha-1,4-linked GalA (24% methyl-esterified) and alpha-1,2-linked Rha. Side chains are built of Gal and Ara and are connected to the main chain via C-4 of every third Rha. Its structure seems to be different from polysaccharide structures described in other species of the Hibiscus genus and the Malvaceae family. All fractions were assayed for possible immune-modulating effects. All fractions showed some activity, but the main acidic fraction was contaminated with lipopolysaccharide, and therefore its shown activity has to be discussed carefully.
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PMID:Chemical structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from Hibiscus sabdariffa. 162 Jul 46

Bupleuri Radix is a commonly used medicinal plant in Kampo medicine, and its hot water extracts show mitogenic activity to murine lymphocytes. In this paper the mitogenic substances in the hot water extracts of Bupleuri Radix (Bup-HWE) were fractionated and characterized physicochemically and immunologically. Most of these substances were recovered from mol. wt of more than 200 kDA fraction (fr. C-13). Separation of fr. C-13 by phenol-water fractionation method gave water soluble and phenol soluble mitogenic substances. These substances showed the activity even in C3H/HeJ mice, and polymyxin B or lysozyme treatment did not abrogate the activity, suggesting that the active substances are not related to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Treatment of the mitogenic substances recovered from the phenol layer with NaCLO2, a polyphenol degrading chemical, significantly reduced the activity, but pronase and pectinase treatments were not effective. The mitogenic substances in the water layer were active even after NaCLO2 treatment. These findings suggested that the mitogenic substances of Bup-HWE are large molecular weight polyphenolic compounds and polysaccharide. The mitogenic substances are suggested to be B cell mitogens.
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PMID:Characterization of mitogenic substances in the hot water extracts of bupleuri radix. 749 96

Bioactive pectic polysaccharides from Chinese herbs were tested for the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS-like substances by chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-assay. Pectic polysaccharides from BUPLEURUM FALCATUM, GLYCYRRIZA URALENSIS, and ANGELICA ACUTILOBA were LAL-positive at different rates. The fractions GR-2IIc/PG-1 (ramified region; rhamnogalacturonan core with neutral sugar side chains) from G. URALENSIS and AGIIb-1 (acidic arabinogalactan) from A. ACUTILOBA activated the endotoxin-mediated coagulation factor (factor C). When the pectin-like polysaccharide bupleuran 2IIc from B. FALCATUM was digested with ENDO-polygalacturonase or degraded with lithium, the resulting oligosaccharides still showed LAL-reactivity. Carboxyl-reduction of acidic polysaccharides increased the reactivity to the beta(1-->3)-glucan-mediated coagulation factor (factor G) but not the factor C. Bupleuran 2IIc and its PG-1 and PG-2 (rhamnogalacturonan II-like region, which contains 2-keto-3-deoxyocuturosonic acid) showed significant mitogenic activities even by using C3H/HeJ mice which are low responder mice to LPS. When the LAL-positive substance was removed from bupleuran 2IIc and its fraction PG-1 by phase separation using Triton X-114, the mitogenic and anti-complementary activities did not change. These results indicated that mitogenic and anti-complementary activity of bioactive pectic polysaccharides from B. FALCATUM were due to the action of pectic polysaccharides but not LPS.
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PMID:Lipopolysaccharide-independent limulus amebocyte lysate activating, mitogenic and anti-complementary activities of pectic polysaccharides from chinese herbs. 1723 43

A field study showed that transgenic grapevine rootstocks can provide trans-graft-mediated protection to a wild type scion against Pierce's disease (PD) development. We individually field-tested two distinct strategies. The first expressed a chimeric antimicrobial protein (CAP) that targeted the functionality of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) surface of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), the causative agent of PD. The second expressed a plant polygalacturonase inhibitory protein (PGIP) that prevents PD by inhibiting breakdown of pectin present in primary cell walls. Both proteins are secreted to the apoplast and then into the xylem, where they migrate past the graft union, transiting into the xylem of the grafted scion. Transgenic Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless (TS) expressing ether CAP or PGIP were tested in the greenhouse and those lines that showed resistance to PD were grafted with wild type TS scions. Grafted grapevines were introduced into the field and tested over 7 years. Here we present data on the field evaluation of trans-graft protection using four CAP and four PGIP independent rootstock lines, compared to an untransformed rootstock. There was 30 to 95% reduction in vine mortality among CAP- and PGIP-expressing lines after three successive yearly infections with virulent Xf. Shoot tissues grafted to either CAP or PGIP transgenic rootstocks supported lower pathogen titers and showed fewer disease symptoms. Grafted plants on transgenic rootstocks also had more spring bud break following infection, more shoots, and more vigorous growth compared to those grafted to wild type rootstocks. No yield penalty was observed in the transgenic lines and some PGIP-expressing vines had enhanced yield potential. Trans-graft protection is an efficient way to protect grape scions against PD while preserving their valuable varietal genotypes and clonal properties.
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PMID:Trans-Graft Protection Against Pierce's Disease Mediated by Transgenic Grapevine Rootstocks. 3078 37