Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.15 (pectinase)
 2,440 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fungus Aspergillus terreus 17P--producer of cellulolytic enzymes--was cultivated in the Biotec 10 l fermenter on the medium containing minced and heated (at 200 degrees) wheat straw aerated with a different rate. At the mixing rate of 350 rpm and aeration rate of 0.7 r/rpm on the fourth day the culture liquid was obtained whose filtrate contained an active complex of cellulolytic enzymes and xylanase: CI--3.4; APB--1.1, Cx--35.7, cellobiase--0.23, xylanase--73.8 units/ml. The fractionation of the culture liquid filtrate with ammonium sulphate showed that the fraction precipitated at an interval of saturation of 0.3--0.7 contained the largest portion of cellulolytic enzymes and xylanase. The isolated enzymic preparations had a cellulolytic and xylanase activity and contained lipase, pectinase, laminarinase. They also contained low quantities of amylase, protease, beta-1,4- and beta-1,6-glucanase. Enzymic hylrolysis by the Asp. terreus 17P preparation of straw yielded glucose and xylose, of cotton, Na-KMC, cellobiose--glucose, Xylane hydrolyzate contained xylose and arabinose.
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PMID:[Biosynthesis of cellulolytic enzymes and xylanase during submerged cultivation of the fungus Aspergillus terreus 17P]. 10 86

Two filamentous, branched, and septate actinomycetes were isolated from field-collected and from axenic in vitro produced root nodules of Alnus crispa var. mollis Fern. host plant. After their transfer to a chemically defined medium, these nodule isolates could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of morphology, cultural reactions, and whole cell composition and were considered to be the same species. They were morphologically similar to the root nodule endophyte, but were incapable of nodulating aseptic host plants growing in a nitrogen-deficient substrate. Whole cells of the nodule isolates were used for the production of rabbit antibodies. The resulting specific antiisolate antibodies were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used in staining tests of the nodule endophyte. The immunofluorescence reactions demonstrated the homology of the nodule isolates with the nodule endophyte. After pectinase degradation of the endophyte capsule, the indirect immunoferritin method corroborated the fluorescent anti-body (FA) staining reactions. There was no antigenic relationship between the nodule isolates and 13 known strains of actinomycetes as determined by the FA techique. Fluorescent antibody reactions of adsorbed conjugates suggested that endophytes of both Alnus crispa var. mollis Fern. and Alnus rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng. root nodules belong to a common serotype. The LL and mesoisomers of diaminopimelic acid were present in similar proportions in the nodule endophyte and in the nodule isolates. Glucose, mannose, and an unknown sugar were the predominant whole cell sugars in the nodule isolates, although trace amounts of arabinose and rhamnose were also displayed. The unknown sugar found in the nodule isolates was also present in trace amounts in the endophyte-suspension hydrolysate.
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PMID:Demonstration of the isolation of non-infective Alnus crispa var. mollis Fern, nodule endophyte by morphological immunolabelling and whole cell composition studies. 122 Aug 59

Water-soluble and alkaline-soluble crude polysaccharides which were separated from the roots or leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, were compared for their anti-ulcer activity. Of these four polysaccharide fractions, the water-soluble crude polysaccharide fraction (GL-2) from the leaves and the alkaline-soluble crude polysaccharide fraction (GRA-2) from the roots prevented HCl/ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis in mice potently. The most potent fraction, GL-2, was further fractionated into four polysaccharide fractions by precipitation with cethyltrimethylammonium bromide, and the weakly acidic polysaccharide fraction, GL-4, showed the most potent inhibition of gastric lesion formation. The activity of GL-4 decreased after treatment with periodate or digestion with endo-polygalacturonase, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety may contribute to the expression of the activity. GL-4 was further purified by anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and the most active purified polysaccharide, GL-4IIb1III was obtained. GL-4IIb1III (average relative molecular mass, 16,000 d) had the nature of a pectic polysaccharide, and was composed mainly of galactose and galacturonic acid with small proportions of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, and glucuronic acid. GL-4IIIb1III prevented HCl/ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis in mice dose dependently.
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PMID:Purification of an anti-ulcer polysaccharide from the leaves of Panax ginseng. 147 Jun 69

A water extraction of crushed leaves of Nerium oleander yielded 2.3% of a crude polysaccharide. The main fraction (67%) represents a pectic polysaccharide mainly composed of galacturonic acid besides rhamnose, arabinose and galactose. The polysaccharide structure was characterized by NMR, mild acid- and pectinase treatment combined with GC-MS analyses. In vivo tests for a possible antitumor activity did not result in a significant action. Investigation of immunomodulating activity brought some indications for mitogenic activity and a weak macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. Increase of phagocytosis could not be doubtlessly assigned to the polysaccharide due to the high amount of endotoxin in the homogenous fraction OLE 2.
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PMID:[Polysaccharides from Nerium oleander: structure and biological activity]. 179 30

A water-soluble crude polysaccharide fraction (BR-1) prepared from the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. (Japanese name = Saiko) prevented HCl/ethanol induced ulcerogenesis in mice significantly. BR-1 was fractionated into four polysaccharide fractions (BR-2, BR-3, BR-4, and BR-5) by the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and the strongly acidic polysaccharide fraction BR-2 showed the most potent inhibition of gastric lesion formation. When BR-2 was further fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography, the most potent anti-ulcer activity was observed in the pectin-like polysaccharide, bupleuran 2IIc. Bupleuran 2IIc was homogeneous as determined by electrophoresis and gel filtration. Bupleuran 2IIc was composed mainly of galacturonic acid with small proportions of arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose, and its average relative molecular mass was estimated to be 63,000 d. BR-2 lost most of its activity after treatment with periodate or digestion with endo-polygalacturonase indicating that the polygalacturonan region and/or the molecular mass may contribute to activity.
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PMID:Purification of anti-ulcer polysaccharides from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum. 181 48

The finding of a powerful inhibitor of pectin methylesterase in ripe kiwi fruit is reported. The inhibitor was revealed to be a glycoprotein. It was purified to homogeneity and found to have a molecular mass of about 28 kDa, as estimated by gel filtration chromatography, SDS/PAGE and analytical ultracentrifugation. The sugar portion is composed of galactose, arabinose and rhamnose, the latter being much less represented. The amino acid composition showed a very high content of acidic residues compared to basic ones, which is the reason for the very low isoelectric point of the protein (less than 3.5). The kind of inhibition on kiwi pectin methylesterase was found to be competitive with an apparent Ki of 0.22 microM, using citrus pectin as a substrate. Moreover, the inhibitor is effective in inhibiting pectin methylesterase in the pH range 3.5-7.5. Kiwi inhibitor appears to be specific for pectin methylesterase, inasmuch as it was found to be ineffective against other polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, such as polygalacturonase and amylase. Conversely, it appears to be completely aspecific as far as the pectin methylesterase source is concerned. In fact, it was found to inhibit this enzyme effectively from all the sources we assayed, i.e. orange, tomato, apple, banana, potato.
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PMID:A glycoprotein inhibitor of pectin methylesterase in kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis). 222 35

An anti-complementary pectic polysaccharide (BR-2-IIb), isolated from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L., has an average molecular weight of 36,000 (gel filtration), and was subjected to methylation analysis before and after carboxyl-reduction, digestion with endo-polygalacturonase, base-catalysed beta-elimination, and partial acid hydrolysis. BR-2-IIb consisted mainly of galacturonic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose in the molar ratios 13.0:2.1:1.4:1.0 and contained a large enzyme-sensitive polygalacturonan region. The enzyme-resistant region (PG-1) was rich in neutral sugars and contained a backbone of 4-linked GalA and 2-linked Rha to which a highly branched arabinogalactan was attached to position 4 of some 2-linked Rha units. Partial acid hydrolysis of BR-2-IIb gave Ara-(1----3)-Ara, Ara-(1----4)-Arap, Ara-(1----5)-Araf, Ara-(1----6)-Gal, Gal-(1----4)-Gal, GalA-(1----2)-Rha, GalA-(1----4)-Rha, GalA----Rha----Rha, Gal----Rha----Rha, and GlA-(1----6)-Gal in addition to (1----4)linked oligogalacturonides. The anticomplementary activity of BR-2-IIb was enhanced by de-esterification, but carboxyl-reduction decreased the activity.
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PMID:Structural characterization of an anti-complementary pectic polysaccharide from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L. 277 34

The rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis was grown on cellulosic substrates, and the cellular distribution and types of glycosidases produced by the organism were studied. Fungal cultures were fractionated into extracellular, insoluble (membrane), and intracellular fractions and assayed for glycosidase activity by using Avicel, carboxymethylcellulose, xylan, starch, polygalacturonic acid, and the p-nitrophenyl derivatives of galactose, glucose, and xylose as substrates. Enzymic activity was highest in the extracellular fraction; however, the membrane fraction also displayed appreciable activity. The intracellular fraction was inactive towards all substrates. Polygalacturonic acid was the only substrate not hydrolyzed by the active fractions, indicating that pectinase was absent. The results show that N. frontalis, a common rumen anaerobic fungus, produces enzymes for degrading cellulose and hemicellulose, key components of plant fiber.
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PMID:Glycosidases of the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis grown on cellulosic substrates. 400 40

Two polygalacturonase isoenzymes, PG I and PG II, were extracted from Murrieta tomato and purified by gel exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. The kinetic constants and activation energies of the purified isoenzymes have been determined. Polygalacturonase I has two polypeptide chains (Mr = 47 500 and 41 400) whereas polygalacturonase II is a single polypeptide (Mr = 47 500) as shown by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Both isoenzymes are glycoproteins. Through gas liquid chromatography, polygalacturonase II was shown to contain 4.6% neutral hexoses and 1.5% amino sugars. There are eight D-mannose, two L-fucose, two D-xylose and three N-acetylglucosamine residues per mole of PG II. The carbohydrate portion of PG II was shown to be attached to the protein part through an N-acetylglucosaminylasparaginyl bond.
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PMID:Carbohydrate composition and electrophoretic properties of tomato polygalacturonase isoenzymes. 661 47

Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of an immunomodulator, which is a non-dialyzable and acetone precipitable material(s) extracted with hot water from Angelica actiloba KITAGAWA (Yamato Tohki) (AIP), were investigated. AIP was composed of about 90% sugar and 10% protein. The major polysaccharide was identified as pectic substance(s) because its main component sugars were found to be arabinose, glucose, and galacturonic acid by gas liquid chromatographic analysis. The pectic substance(s) was not concerned with the mitogenicity of AIP since the activity was similar before and after pectinase(endo-polygalacturonase) treatment. More than half of the mitogenicity was destroyed by acid or alkali treatment. With pronase treatment, the activity was not affected, but the molecular weight of the mitogen was lowered. In addition, the mitogenic substance was partially purified from AIP by pectinase treatment and Westphal's phenol/water fractionation. The partially purified mitogenic substance(s) was rich in protein. These facts suggest that the mitogenicity of AIP was carried by a heat stable and protease resistant protein.
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PMID:Biochemical and physicochemical characterization of a mitogen obtained from an oriental crude drug, Tohki (Angelica actiloba Kitagawa). 667 76


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