Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.15 (pectinase)
 2,440 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An immunomodulating pectic polymer, GOA1, obtained from the aerial parts of the Malian medicinal plant Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. (Aizoaceae) has previously been reported to consist of arabinogalactans type I and II, probably linked to a rhamnogalacturonan backbone. To further elucidate the structure of the polymer GOA1, enzymatic degradation studies and weak acid hydrolysis were performed. Five different glycosidases were used, endo-alpha-D-(1-->4)-polygalacturonase, exo-alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, endo-alpha-L-(1-->5)-arabinanase, endo-beta-D-(1-->4)-galactanase and exo-beta-D-galactosidase. It appears that GOA1 may contain a structural moiety consisting of a 1,3-linked galactopyranosyl (Galp) main chain with 1,6-linked Galp side chains attached to position 6 of the main chain. The 1,6-linked Galp side chain may be branched in position 3 with arabinofuranosyl (Araf) side chains. A 1,4-linked Galp backbone which might carry side chains or glycosyl units attached to position 3 is also a structural element in the polymer. We further show that GOA1 induce proliferation of B cells and the secretion of IL-1beta by macrophages, in addition to a marked increase of mRNA for IFN-gamma in NK-cells. To elucidate structure-activity relations the native polymer and the digested fractions were tested for complement fixing activity and intestinal immune stimulating activity. The partial removal of Araf residues after enzymatic degradations did not affect the bioactivities, while the acid hydrolysed fraction showed reduced complement fixing activity. A decrease in Araf units, 1,3,6-linked Galp units and a partial hydrolysed rhamnogalacturonan backbone, in addition to a reduction in molecular weight are factors that might have contributed to reduced bioactivity.
 ...
PMID:An immunomodulating pectic polymer from Glinus oppositifolius. 1733 24

The aim of this paper was to further elucidate the structure and the immunomodulating properties of the pectic polymer GOA2, previously isolated from Glinus oppositifolius. Enzymatic treatment of GOA2 by endo-alpha-d-(1 --> 4)-polygalacturonase led to the isolation of three pectic subunits, GOA2-I, GOA2-II, and GOA2-III, in addition to oligogalacturonides. GOA2-I was shown to consist of 1,2-linked Rhap and 1,4-linked GalpA in an approximately 1:1 ratio, and NMR-analysis showed that the monomers were linked together in a strictly alternating manner. The galactose units in GOA2-I were found as terminal-, 1,3-, 1,6-, 1,4-, 1,3,4-, and 1,3,6-linked residues, while the arabinofuranosyl existed mainly as terminal- and 1,5-linked units. A rhamnogalacturonan-I type structure was suggested being the predominant part of GOA2-I. According to linkage analysis GOA2-II and GOA2-III contained glycosidic linkages characteristic for rhamnogalacturonan-II type structures. GOA2 was shown by sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge, to have a broad degree of polydispersity with a mode s(20,w) value of approximately 1.9 S, results reinforced by atomic force microscopy measurements. The polydispersity, as manifested by the proportion of material with s(20,w) > 3 S, decreased significantly with enzyme treatment. The abilities of GOA2, GOA2-I, GOA2-II, and GOA2-III to induce the proliferation of B cells, and to exhibit complement fixing activities were tested. In both test systems, GOA2-I showed significantly greater effects compared to its native pectin GOA2. GOA2-I was in addition shown to exhibit a more potent intestinal immune stimulating activity compared to GOA2. The ability of GOA2 to induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was examined. Marked upregulations in mRNA for IL-1beta from rat macrophages and IFN-gamma from NK cells were found.
 ...
PMID:Immunological and structural properties of a pectic polymer from Glinus oppositifolius. 1772 87