Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.15 (pectinase)
2,440 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from flower buds of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HIB 1,2,3). The neutral polysaccharides (HIB 1 and 2) are composed of arabinans and arabinogalactans of low relative molecular mass. The major fraction was investigated by methylation analysis, pectinase-treatment, mild acid hydrolysis and NMR studies, and it was shown to be a pectin-like molecule (Mr = 10(5)d). The main chain is composed of alpha-1,4-linked GalA (24% methyl-esterified) and alpha-1,2-linked Rha. Side chains are built of Gal and Ara and are connected to the main chain via C-4 of every third Rha. Its structure seems to be different from polysaccharide structures described in other species of the Hibiscus genus and the Malvaceae family. All fractions were assayed for possible immune-modulating effects. All fractions showed some activity, but the main acidic fraction was contaminated with lipopolysaccharide, and therefore its shown activity has to be discussed carefully.
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PMID:Chemical structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from Hibiscus sabdariffa. 162 Jul 46

A water extraction of crushed leaves of Nerium oleander yielded 2.3% of a crude polysaccharide. The main fraction (67%) represents a pectic polysaccharide mainly composed of galacturonic acid besides rhamnose, arabinose and galactose. The polysaccharide structure was characterized by NMR, mild acid- and pectinase treatment combined with GC-MS analyses. In vivo tests for a possible antitumor activity did not result in a significant action. Investigation of immunomodulating activity brought some indications for mitogenic activity and a weak macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. Increase of phagocytosis could not be doubtlessly assigned to the polysaccharide due to the high amount of endotoxin in the homogenous fraction OLE 2.
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PMID:[Polysaccharides from Nerium oleander: structure and biological activity]. 179 30

Water-soluble polysaccharide fractions VO1-VO4 were isolated from the squeezed berries of snowball tree (Viburnum opulus) by successive extraction with water at various temperatures and pH and with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate. These fractions were purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose, and the homogeneity of the purified polysaccharides was determined by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-500. Acidic polysaccharides close to pectins in their sugar composition were found in all the extracts (fractions VO1-1, VO2-1, VO3-2, and VO4-2). Residues of galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, and (to a lesser extent) rhamnose are their main constituents. Neutral polysaccharides composed mainly of galactose and mannose residues were additionally found in fractions extracted with acidified water (pH 4.0) and with aqueous ammonium oxalate solutions. Partial acidic hydrolysis and digestion with pectinase of acidic polysaccharides indicated that their carbohydrate backbone consists of alpha-1,4-linked residues of D-galacturonic acid. NMR spectra of acidic polysaccharides (fractions VO3-2 and VO3-3) confirmed this and demonstrated that their side oligosaccharide chains are composed of beta-1,4-linked galactopyranose residues and of terminal and 2,5- and 3,5-substituted residues of alpha-arabinofuranose at a Gal: Ara ratio of 3:1. Some polysaccharides from V. opulus were found to possess an immunostimulating activity: they enhance phagocytosis, in particular, the phagocytic index and the secretion of lysosomal enzymes with peritoneal macrophages. Calcium ions were found to be necessary for the appearance of the stimulating effect of acidic polysaccharides from V. opulus.
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PMID:[The isolation, preliminary study of structure and physiological activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from squeezed berries of Snowball tree Viburnum opulus]. 1080 53

Silenan SV, a pectic polysaccharide, was isolated from the aerial part of Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garke (Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn.), widespread through the European North of Russia. The polysaccharide was found to contain residues of galacturonic acid (63%), arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose as the main constituents. The results of a partial acidic hydrolysis, pectinase digestion, and NMR studies of silenan SV indicated that its molecule contains a linear alpha-1,4-D-galacturonan backbone and ramified regions. The core of the ramified regions is composed of residues of alpha-1,4-D-galacturonic acid along with 2-substituted alpha-rhamnopyranose residues. The NMR data showed that the silenan SV side chains are composed of the blocks built from the terminal alpha-1,5-linked arabinofuranose and beta-1,4-linked galactopyranose residues; these most likely are the side chains of rhamnogalacturonan, characteristic of other pectic polysaccharides. The nonreducing ends of these side chains contain alpha-arabinofuranose residues.
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PMID:[Isolation and structural study of polysaccharides from campion Silene vulgaris]. 1103 28

We have investigated distinguishing features in cells of the abscission zone of a monocotyledon fruit, the oil palm Elaeis guineensis. The cell walls of the abscission zone and the subtending mesocarp and pedicel have been analysed by light and transmission electron microscopy, by chemical methods and by solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. Results show that these abscission zone cells have specific characteristics which include high levels of unmethylated pectin in the walls and an inducible (x35) polygalacturonase enzyme expression. Together these findings help to explain the localised precision of cell separation events.
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PMID:The study of a monocotyledon abscission zone using microscopic, chemical, enzymatic and solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR analyses. 1121 6

A pectic polysaccharide, lemnan, was isolated from freshly collected duckweed Lemna minor L. Its sugar chain was shown to be mainly composed of the residues of D-galacturonic acid (64%), galactose, arabinose, xylose, and D-apiose, a branched chain sugar. The high content of D-apiose (25%) indicated that lemnan is an apiogalacturonan type pectin similar to zosteran, a pectic polysaccharide from a sea phanerogam of the Zosteraceae family. The results of partial acidic hydrolysis, pectinase digestion, and NMR studies of lemnan demonstrated that its macromolecule contains regions of the linear alpha-1,4-D-galacturonan and branched apiogalacturonan. The side chains of apiogalacturonan were found to be formed of single and 1,5-linked residues of D-apiofuranose attached to 2- and 3-positions of the D-galacturonic acid residues of the apiogalacturonan backbone. Lemnan was shown to exhibit an immunomodulatory effect by activating the system of phagocytosis.
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PMID:[Structure and physiological activity of lemnan, Lemna minor L. pectin]. 1122 Dec 55

Using extraction with 0.75% aqueous ammonium oxalate, the following polysaccharide fractions were isolated: tanacetans TVF, TVS, and TVR from floscules, sprouts, and roots, respectively, of Tanacetum vulgare L., spread throughout the European North of Russia. The sugar chain of tanacetan TVF consists of D-galacturonic acid (61.4%), arabinose (14.7%), galactose (10.2%), and rhamnose (3.7%) as the main constituents as well as xylose, glucose, mannose, apiose, and 2-O-methylxylose in trace amounts. Tanacetans TVS and TVR were shown to differ in the sugar quantitative composition. They contain 67 and 28% galacturonic acid, respectively. A partial acid hydrolysis of the tanacetan TVF gave a polysaccharide fragment TVF1, alpha-1,4-D-galacturonan (GalA 98.2%). Digestion with pectinase (alpha-1,4-D-polygalacturonase) resulted in fragment TVF3, containing residues of arabinose (27.1%) and galactose (17.3%). NMR spectroscopy allowed detection of the terminal residues of alpha-Araf and beta-Galp as well as of the residues of alpha-Araf substituted in 3,5- and 5-positions. Thus, tanacetan TVF was proved to be a pectic polysaccharide.
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PMID:[Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides from Tansy]. 1125 43

While searching for oligosaccharides containing rhamnose residues in the endopolygalacturonase (EPG) digest of saponified citrus pectin, we found several oligomers containing, in addition to galacturonic acid, a sugar previously unreported in pectin. The 1- and 2-D 1H NMR spectra of the oligosaccharides were consistent with the sugar being a uronic acid with its 2- and 3-hydroxyls being axial and 4-hydroxyl being equatorial. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that the oligomers consisted solely of uronic acids. Reduction of the uronic acids in the oligosaccharides converted them to galactose and altrose. The altrose was found to be the L enantiomer by comparison of its trimethylsilyl (-)-2-butyl glycosides to those of authentic D-altrose and a racemic mixture. The sugar was not found in oligosaccharides prepared from EPG digestion of citrus pectin deesterified with pectin methylesterase rather than saponification. Thus, it appears that during saponification, a small proportion of the methylesterified galacturonic acid residues in pectins is epimerized at C-5 leading to formation of L-altruronic acid residues.
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PMID:L-Altruronic acid formed by epimerization of D-galacturonic acid methyl esters during saponification of citrus pectin. 1127 Aug 14

The bound volatile fraction of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit harvested in Colombia has been examined by HRGC and HRGC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis using a nonselective pectinase (Rohapect D5L). Forty bound volatiles could be identified, with 21 of them being reported for the first time in cape gooseberry. After preparative isolation of the glycosidic precursors on XAD-2 resin, purification by multilayer coil countercurrent chromatography and HPLC of the peracetylated glycosides were carried out. Structure elucidation by NMR, ESI-MS/MS, and optical rotation enabled the identification of (1S,2S)-1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and p-menth-4(8)-ene-1,2-diol 1-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2). Both glycosides have been identified for the first time in nature. They could be considered as immediate precursors of 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol and p-menth-4(8)-ene-1,2-diol, typical volatiles found in the fruit of cape gooseberry.
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PMID:Glycosidically bound flavor compounds of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.). 1130 44

A polysaccharide fraction, NIB-2, was obtained from the 3% aqueous sodium carbonate extract of Nerium indicum leaves using anion-exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography. It was found to be composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, in the ratios of 1.0:10.4:4.4, along with 4% of galacturonic acid. The results of methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, pectinase treatment, and 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy indicate that it is mainly an arabinogalactan having a backbone of 1,6-linked beta-Galp, with branches at O-3, consisting of terminal, 1,5-, and 1,3,5-linked arabinofuranosyl residues, and a small proportion of galactosyl residues at the termini. Rhamnose and galacturonic acid arose from a contaminating rhamnogalacturonan.
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PMID:Structural elucidation of a new arabinogalactan from the leaves of Nerium indicum. 1140 84


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