Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.108 (lactase)
 2,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study was carried out to find an appropriate coating material to microencapsulate lactase and the conditions under which it could be used. As a coating material, medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) and polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) were superior. Three different percentages of microcapsules (2, 4, and 6%) were added and subdivided into three groups by washing time (0, 1, and 2). The highest efficiency of microencapsulation was found in the ratio of 15:1 as coating to core material with both MCT (94.9%) and PGMS (72.8%). Lactose content was not significantly changed up to 12 d with MCT and up to 8 d with PGMS with 2% of twice washed microcapsule addition. Also, sweetness was not significantly increased in storage compared with that of market milk. The present study provides evidence that emulsifiers can be used as an effective coating material to microencapsulate lactase. In addition, these results suggest that acceptable milk products can be prepared with microencapsulated lactase.
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PMID:Microencapsulation of beta-galactosidase with fatty acid esters. 1146 5

Persons with lactose intolerance are unable to digest significant amounts of lactose because of a genetically inadequate amount of the enzyme lactase. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating, excessive flatus, and watery stool following the ingestion of foods containing lactose. Lactase deficiency is present in up to 15 percent of persons of northern European descent, up to 80 percent of blacks and Latinos, and up to 100 percent of American Indians and Asians. A sizable number of adults believe they are lactose intolerant but do not actually have impaired lactose digestion, and some persons with lactase deficiency can tolerate moderate amounts of ingested lactose. A diagnosis of lactose intolerance can usually be made with a careful history supported by dietary manipulation. If necessary, diagnosis can be confirmed by using a breath hydrogen or lactose tolerance test. Treatment consists primarily of avoiding lactose-containing foods. Lactase enzyme supplements may be helpful. The degree of lactose malabsorption varies greatly among patients with lactose intolerance, but most of them can ingest up to 12 oz of milk daily without symptoms. Lactose-intolerant patients must ensure adequate calcium intake.
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PMID:Lactose intolerance. 1250 58

Lactose is the major sugar present in milk and an important osmotic regulator of lactation. It is digested by intestinal lactase, an enzyme expressed in new-borns. Its activity declines following weaning. As a result, adult mammals are normally lactose-intolerant and more than 75% of the human adult population suffers from lactase deficiency. A reduction in milk lactose content could be beneficial for nutritional but also agricultural and industrial purposes (less volume to transport, better milk coagulation, less effluent production). Several attempts to create transgenic mice producing milk with modified carbohydrate compositions have recently been described. Depending on whether these modifications resulted from an alteration of lactose synthesis or from lactose hydrolysis, striking physiological differences are observed.
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PMID:Lowering the milk lactose content in vivo: potential interests, strategies and physiological consequences. 1221 58

Lactose (milk sugar) is a fermentable substrate. It can be fermented outside of the body to produce cheeses, yoghurts and acidified milks. It can be fermented within the large intestine in those people who have insufficient expression of lactase enzyme on the intestinal mucosa to ferment this disaccharide to its absorbable, simple hexose sugars: glucose and galactose. In this way, the issues of lactose intolerance and of fermented foods are joined. It is only at the extremes of life, in infancy and old age, in which severe and life-threatening consequences from lactose maldigestion may occur. Fermentation as part of food processing can be used for preservation, for liberation of pre-digested nutrients, or to create ethanolic beverages. Almost all cultures and ethnic groups have developed some typical forms of fermented foods. Lessons from fermentation of non-dairy items may be applicable to fermentation of milk, and vice versa.
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PMID:Fermentation, fermented foods and lactose intolerance. 1255 48

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lactase on lactose malabsorption and its intolerance symptoms, as well as the available way to improve lactose absorption. Healthy adults with a history of lactose intolerance were screened by 25 g lactose tolerance test. The individuals with higher H2 expired and/or lactose intolerance symptoms were selected as the subjects. Subjects were challenged twice with "400 ml low fat milk" and "400 ml low fat milk + 9000Fcc lactase" separately in 3 days interval. The breath H2 concentration and intolerance symptoms were tested in 4 hours after the challenge. The results showed that exogenous lactase can significantly decrease the incidence of lactose malabsorption (the abnormal expiration of H2 decreased from 100% to 48.9%) and milk intolerance symptoms(from 51.1% to 13.3%). The results from this study demonstrate that lactose malabsorption and intolerance symptoms are resulted from the reduced enzyme activities of individuals, and the exogenous lactase can improve lactose absorption and intolerance symptoms. Lactose supplementation may be an available way to increase the dairy consumption and promote health of people.
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PMID:[Effect of exogenous lactase on the absorption of lactose and its intolerance symptoms]. 1271 6

Lactose in dairy products is maldigested by up to 70% to 75% of the world's population and many people may therefore suffer symptoms reminiscent of irritable bowel syndrome. As a result, most research to date has concentrated on ways of improving lactose tolerance to enhance dairy as a source of nutrition. However, research on other possible benefits of lactose and its maldigestion has lagged. In view of an exponential growth in the understanding of intestinal microfloral host interactions and the expanding therapeutical potential of probiotics, a reassessment of the role of lactose as a potential prebiotic in lactase nonpersistent subjects is required. Gibson and Roberfroid introduced the concept of prebiotics and outlined definitive requirements for such a compound. The present article examines scientific and clinical knowledge about the properties of lactose and argues that in lactase nonpersistent subjects, lactose qualifies as a prebiotic.
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PMID:Redefining lactose as a conditional prebiotic. 1505 89

The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of primary lactase deficiency, frequency distribution of lactase activity and the relationship between lactose intake and lactase activity in three ethnic groups resident in Birmingham. Seventy-two white, 103 Indian and 58 Afro-Caribbean adult dyspeptic patients had distal duodenal biopsies taken for disaccharidase assay at endoscopy. Ten percent of whites, 51% Indians and 81% Afro-Caribbeans had primary lactase deficiency (sucrase/lactase ratio > 4). There was a generalized unexplained depression of disaccharidase activities in the Indians. Frequency distribution of lactase activity for the whole population showed a negative skew without evidence of trimodality. Lactose intake and symptoms attributed to lactose were assessed in a subgroup of 20 whites, 20 Indians and 18 Afro-Caribbeans by questionnaire. Lactose intake did not differ between lactase persistent and deficient subjects both within each racial group and between the groups. Diarrhoea, bloating and cramps were not significantly more common in lactase deficient than lactase persistent individuals.
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PMID:Small intestinal lactase status, frequency distribution of enzyme activity and milk intake in a multi-ethnic population. 1684 60

A locally isolated thermophile, Geobacillus sp. SAB-40, producing thermostable extracellular amylase constitutively and an induced intracellular beta-galactosidase was characterized and identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis then revealed its closeness to Geobacillus stearothermophilus. To evaluate the effect of the culture conditions on the coproduction of both enzymes by G. stearothermophilus SAB-40, a Plackett-Burman fractional factorial design was applied to determine the impact of twenty variables. Among the tested variables, CaCl2, the incubation time, MgSO4.7H2O, and tryptone were found to be the most significant for encouraging amylase production. Lactose was found to promote beta-galactosidase production, whereas starch had a significantly negative effect on lactase production. Based on a statistical analysis, a preoptimized medium attained the maximum production of amylase and beta-galactosidase at 23.29 U/ml/min and 12,958 U/mg biomass, respectively, which was 3- and 2-fold higher than the yield of amylase and lactase obtained with the basal medium, respectively.
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PMID:Coproduction of thermostable amylase and beta-galactosidase enzymes by Geobacillus stearothermophilus SAB-40: aplication of Plackett-Burman design to evaluate culture requirements affecting enzyme production. 1846 63

Lactose is often used as an excipient in tablets because of its ideal characteristics. Most patients with lactose intolerance tolerate small amounts of lactose. However, the nocebo effect must be considered. Thus, patients should be informed about the very small amounts of lactose in the medication. If the patient is still suffering from gastrointestinal symptoms and there is no lactose-free alternative, the enzyme lactase can be substituted individually.
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PMID:[Lactose-containing tablets for patients with lactose intolerance?]. 1920 35

Lactose, a disaccharide in milk or dairy products, is known to promote calcium absorption. The enzyme lactase is needed to digest lactose. Although lactase is secreted normally in childhood, the secretion is decreased with growth, and the activity becomes lower in adulthood. When the activity of lactase is low, lactose passes intact the small intestine and reaches the large intestine, could cause unpleasantness such as diarrhea and stomach ache. This is called lactose intolerance. In this paper, we discuss promotion of calcium absorption by lactose, lactose intolerance, and bone health.
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PMID:[Nutrition and bone health. Lactose and bone]. 2019 Mar 73


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