Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.108 (lactase)
 2,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was done to clarify the effects of dietary wheat gluten on the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine (GalN) and endotoxin (Etx). Male Wistar rats fed a high casein or high gluten (supplemented with L-Lys and L-Thr) diet were injected with GalN or Etx, and the plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and lactase dehydrogenase activities were examined 20 h later. In rats fed the high gluten diet, these enzyme activities were lower than in the high casein group after injection of 800 mg/kg of GalN. But such a difference between the casein and gluten groups was not clear when they were treated with 400 mg/kg of GalN nor observed even after injection of Etx or Etx+GalN (400 mg/kg). Similarly these was no difference in the plasma concentrations of Etx, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or interferon-gamma in the rats receiving an injection of 800 mg/kg of GalN between both dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary gluten affords protection against hepatic injury by a high dose of GalN but not by a low dose of GalN and/or Etx.
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PMID:Effects of dietary gluten on the hepatotoxic action of galactosamine and/or endotoxin in rats. 890 Nov 1

In this study we aimed to elucidate the physiological role of gammadelta intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the mouse intestine. For this purpose, we used T-cell receptor (TCR) Vgamma4/Vdelta5 transgenic mice (KN 6 Tg: BALB/c background, H-2d), and compared the immunological and physiological characteristics of the intestinal tracts of KN 6 Tg and non-transgenic (non-Tg) littermates. In KN 6 Tg littermates, 95% of small intestinal (SI) and large intestinal (LI) IEL expressed gammadelta TCR, and their TCR was replaced by Tg gammadelta TCR. In these mice, class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression was up-regulated in the SI epithelium, compared with the non-Tg littermates, under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the mRNAs of the I-Ealpha chain on the SI epithelial cells was higher in KN 6 Tg than in non-Tg littermates. However, in the LI, class II MHC molecules were not expressed in either KN 6 Tg or non-Tg littermates. The epithelial cell mitotic index in the SI, but not in the LI, was higher in KN 6 Tg than in non-Tg littermates under SPF conditions. However, differentiation markers for SI epithelial cells, such as alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidase (lactase, maltase and sucrase) activities, were similar in KN 6 Tg and non-Tg littermates. MHC class II molecule expression on the SI epithelium was absent in germ-free (GF) Tg mice, but was induced under SPF conditions, coinciding with the increase of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA in gammadelta TCR SI-IEL. These findings suggest that gammadelta TCR IEL regulate epithelial cell regeneration and class II MHC expression, but not cell differentiation in the SI. However, these functions were not observed in the gammadelta TCR IEL in the LI. In addition, the activation step in the gammadelta TCR SI-IEL is dependent on the presence of gut microflora.
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PMID:Physiological roles of gammadelta T-cell receptor intraepithelial lymphocytes in cytoproliferation and differentiation of mouse intestinal epithelial cells. 1044 10