Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.108 (lactase)
 2,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical differences between the two human intestinal mucosal folate conjugases were assessed by measurement of their activities in normal individuals and in patients with chronic diarrhea of differing causes. Intracellular folate conjugase (ICFC) was 15-fold more active than brush border folate conjugase (BBFC) in jejunal mucosa from seven obese patients undergoing elective gastric bypass surgery. The activity of ICFC was similar among normal volunteers and patients with diarrhea of unknown origin (DUO), gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the short bowel syndrome (IBD-SBS). By contrast, BBFC, sucrase, and lactase were decreased significantly in GSE, and BBFC was increased in IBD-SBS. The activity of BBFC correlated with lactase and with sucrase in the normal subjects and in patients with DUO, whereas no correlations were found with the activity of ICFC in any group. Our clinical studies confirm that ICFC and BBFC are different enzymes. ICFC is not affected by intestinal disease, whereas the activity of jejunal BBFC, like that of other brush border enzymes, is decreased by mucosal injury and is also capable of adapting to distal small intestinal disease or surgical resection.
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PMID:Clinical studies of intestinal folate conjugases. 308 71

Growing intestinal neomucosa in patched intestinal defects has been investigated as a means of permanently increasing the absorptive capacity in the short bowel syndrome. Several factors, including luminal contents, appear to affect the growth and function of the neomucosa. The purpose of this study was to compare function and rate of growth of neomucosa in patched defects of the jejunum and ileum. In both the jejunum and ileum of 11 New Zealand white male rabbits 2 X 5-cm patched intestinal defects were created using the serosal surface of adjacent colon. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks (n = 6) and 8 weeks (n = 5) after operation. Grossly there was more complete coverage of the defect by neomucosa in the ileum at both 4 and 8 weeks (99.1 +/- 1.1% vs 92.6 +/- 6.3% overall P less than 0.005). Villous height of the ileal neomucosa was similar to normal mucosa at 8 weeks (209 +/- 21 vs 244 +/- 18 m) but was significantly less in the jejunum (209 +/- 16 vs 273 +/- 16 m, P less than 0.005). Glucose uptake by neomucosa was greater in the ileum than the jejunum (3.34 +/- .84 vs 2.39 +/- .46 nmole/min/mg, P less than 0.05) but was similar to normal mucosa at both sites. Disaccharidase activity (lactase, sucrase, and maltase) was similar in both jejunum and ileum but was significantly less in ileal neomucosa than in normal mucosa (P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of intestinal location on growth and function of neomucosa. 401 Feb 78

To evaluate whether the small bowel can be distracted by mechanical stress in analogy to limb lengthening by osteodistraction, a gut-lengthening apparatus was designed. This distractor was placed at the antimesenterical side of a defined jejunum segment in rabbits. Distraction was performed by 1 mm lengthening of the distractor once daily using extracorporal screws. An effective gut lengthening was achieved of 9.9 +/- 0.5 mm (approximately 100%) within 3 weeks. Treated animals gained weight and remained in good general condition. Fasting plasma levels of cholecystokinin, neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and insulin remained unaffected. Postoperative factor XIII levels were significantly diminished and gastrin was elevated during gut distraction. DNA and protein concentrations in the mucosa of the distracted gut segments corresponded to controls. Mucosal lactase and saccharase activities were reduced. In the distracted bowel segments total tunica muscularis thickness was more than doubled due to muscle cell hypertrophy. In distracted segments villous width was increased. Detection of proliferating mucosal crypt cells utilizing BrdUrd labeling revealed no effects. In conclusion, small gut lengthening by mechanical distraction is possible without major changes in gut morphology. This technique may hint a novel experimental approach for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Small bowel lengthening by mechanical distraction. 924 19

Short bowel syndrome is the malabsorptive state that often follows extensive resection of the small intestine. Long-term survival without parenteral nutrition depends on the process of intestinal adaptation, through which the remaining small bowel gradually increases its absorptive capacity. The process of intestinal adaptation is almost exclusively luminal nutrient dependent. To date the clinical management of short bowel patients is mostly based on a 'trial and error' regimen because human data and randomised trials using trophic substances are lacking due to the small number of patients annually present in pediatric surgical centres. We evaluate here the currently available as well as some more recently developed methods of measuring intestinal absorption and adaptation in short bowel patients. New techniques such as measurements of (1) intestinal permeability and carbohydrate absorption using the sugar absorption test, (2) gastrointestinal hormone production of gastrin, cholecystokinin and peptide YY, (3) transmural potential difference of the gastrointestinal tract using electrophysiology and (4) mucosal enzyme expression of lactase and sucrase-isomaltase using immunohistochemistry were evaluated. These new techniques are promising in monitoring the process of adaptation of the remaining intestine and evaluating the effect of therapeutic interventions in patients with short bowel syndrome.
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PMID:"Gut-feeling" or evidence-based approaches in the evaluation and treatment of human short-bowel syndrome. 1078 72

The gastrointestinal tract possesses a huge epithelial surface area and performs many different tasks. Amongst them are the digestive and absorptive functions. Disorders of intestinal absorption and secretion comprise a variety of different diseases, e.g. coeliac disease, lactase deficiency or Whipple's disease. In principle, impaired small intestinal function can occur with or without morphological alterations of the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, in the work up of a malabsorptive syndrome an early small intestinal biopsy is encouraged in conjunction with breath tests and stool analysis to guide further management. In addition, there is an array of functional tests, the clinical availability of which becomes more and more limited. In any case, early diagnosis of the underlying pathophysiology is most important, in order to initiate proper therapy. In this chapter, diagnostic procedure of malabsorption is discussed with special attention to specific disease like coeliac disease, Whipple's disease, giardiasis and short bowel syndrome. Furthermore, bacterial overgrowth, carbohydrate malabsorption and specific nutrient malabsorption (e.g. for iron or vitamins) and protein-losing enteropathy are presented with obligatory and optional tests as used in the clinical setting.
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PMID:Disorders of intestinal secretion and absorption. 1950 67