Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.108 (lactase)
 2,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's and ulcerative colitis have increased in incidence and prevalence from the mid-eighteen to the late nineteen centuries. From then to the current twenty-first century there has been a more rapid expansion of these disease to areas previously experiencing low rates. This latter expansion coincides with the current obesity pandemic which also began toward the end of the last century. Although the two diseases have radically different frequencies, there are interesting links between them. Four areas link the diseases. On an epidemiological level, IBD tends to follow a north-south gradient raising the importance of vitamin D in protection. Obesity has very weak relationship with latitude, but both diseases follow adult lactase distributions colliding in this plane. Is it possible that obesity (a low vitamin D condition with questionable response to supplements) reduces effects in IBD? On a pathogenic level, pro-inflammatory processes mark both IBD and obesity. The similarity raises the question of whether obesity could facilitate the development of IBD. Features of the metabolic syndrome occur in both, with or without obesity in IBD. The fourth interaction between the two diseases is the apparent effect of obesity on the course of IBD. There are suggestions that obesity may reduce the efficacy of biologic agents. Yet there is some suggestion also that obesity may reduce the need for hospitalization and surgery. The apparent co-expansion of both obesity and IBD suggests similar environmental changes may be involved in the promotion of both.
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PMID:Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms. 3145 62

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder that affects a significant percentage of the population and has a strong negative effect on the quality of life. The lack of known pathophysiologic mechanisms has made finding effective treatment strategies difficult. One of the common recommendations by clinicians is a trial of a lactose-free diet. We have wondered if there was sufficient evidence in the currently available literature to support such a recommendation. We have also looked into other possible relationships between malabsorption syndromes and IBS. All the articles used for this review have been found in the PubMed database. We have taken into consideration the possibility that there may be both genetic differences and differences in the gut microbiome between populations living in different geographic regions. Therefore, we have included articles from different geographic regions to increase the generalizability of the findings. While there is a plethora of evidence that IBS patients commonly report milk intolerance, we have not found any conclusive evidence to suggest an objective link between IBS and any known malabsorption syndromes, including lactose malabsorption. Furthermore, trials of lactase supplementation have not led to clinical benefit. We concluded that there was no evidence to support routinely recommending a lactose-free diet for patients diagnosed with IBS, but including hydrogen breath testing in routine workup of IBS is a reasonable clinical decision. Ultimately, we believe that more clinical trials and chemical studies of the feces are needed to determine the pathophysiology and explore possible dietary recommendations for patients with IBS.
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PMID:Is There a Correlation Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Lactose Intolerance? 3210 35


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