Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.6.4 (chondroitinase)
 2,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sensitive chemiluminescence high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate as their unsaturated disaccharide-dansylhydrazine derivatives involving an effective sample clean-up system. The dansylhydrazones of the unsaturated disaccharides derived from the hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate by chondroitinase ABC and/or chondroitinase ACII, were separated by reversed-phase chromatography using a mixture of 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.0) and 80% acetonitrile on a column (250 mm x 4.0 mm I.D.) packed with amide-80 silica beads (5 microns diameter). For post-column elution in the chemiluminescence system, 1 mM bis[2-(3,6,9-trioxadecanyloxycarbonyl)-4-nitrophenyl]oxalate and 3mM hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile were used. The detection limit of each glycosaminoglycan was 100 fmol. The method was applicable to the determination of the levels of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate in rat peritoneal mast cells.
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PMID:Chemiluminescence high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate. 142 67

In this report we describe a system capable of resolving all of the known unsaturated disaccharides derived from the chondroitin sulphates, dermatan sulphate and hyaluronic acid by chondroitinase digestion. This system is superior to others in that the non-sulphated and mono-, di- and tri-sulphated disaccharides can be separated with good resolution in approximately 40 min in an isocratic solvent. The system employs an amino-cyano silica gel column (Whatman Partisil 5 PAC, 25 cm) and is eluted with an isocratic solvent consisting of 48% (v/v) acetonitrile, 14% (v/v) methanol and 38% (v/v) aqueous buffer. This aqueous buffer contains 0.5 M Tris-HCl, 0.1 M boric acid, 23.4 mM sulphuric acid, pH 8.0. UV absorption is monitored at 229 nm and for most disaccharides as little as 150 ng can be reliably determined. The addition of boric acid to the eluent is essential for good resolution of all components and the addition of low concentrations of sulphuric acid is used to control the elution times of various components. The system was applied to the analysis of glycosaminoglycan standards and excellent agreement with previous compositional analyses was obtained.
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PMID:High pressure liquid chromatographic identification of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate disaccharides. 179 40

A high-performance liquid chromatography method for analyzing disaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans has been developed which employs a Whatman Partisil-10 PAC amino-cyano column and an acetonitrile/methanol/ammonium acetate solvent to resolve disulfated, monosulfated, and unsulfated disaccharides in a chromatographic run of less than 20 min. The single known trisulfated chrondroitin disaccharide can be eluted in an alternate solvent system containing the same mobile phase components in different proportions. Disaccharides were prepared for chromatography from glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans of known compositions by digestion with chondroitinase ABC, with the exception of king crab cartilage glycosaminoglycan which was incubated sequentially with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC. Disaccharides were extracted from the digestion mixtures in 80% ethanol, dried over nitrogen, resuspended in the HPLC solvent, and chromatographed at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Unsaturated disaccharides in the column eluate were detected by continuous ultraviolet absorbance monitoring at 232 nm; alternatively, fractions were collected and assayed for uronic acid content or radioactivity. By utilizing the HPLC technique in conjunction with chondroitinase ABC and AC digestion and sulfatase hydrolysis, the epimeric structures of chondroitin sulfates E and H were confirmed. With this technique, rapid and reproducible analyses of chondroitin sulfate disaccharides generated from mouse mast cell proteoglycan and from glycosaminoglycans of squid cranial cartilage, shark skin, hagfish skin, and hagfish notocord were in close agreement with compositions obtained by other techniques.
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PMID:Analysis of polysulfated chondroitin disaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography. 643 72

A sensitive and selective HPLC method for the determination of the disaccharides of chondroitin sulfate in horse and dog plasma was validated. Chondroitin sulfate is degraded by chondroitinase ABC to three primary unsaturated disaccharides, (1) 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose, (2) 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose, and (3) 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose, when treated with chondroitinase. Plasma samples (0.5 ml) were treated with 50 mU of chondroitinase ABC in 50 microl of 1 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 37 degrees C for 6 h. The samples were extracted with 25% trifluoroacetic acid in ethanol. The resultant samples were derivatized with 1% dansylhydrazine in ethanol at 40 degrees C for 3 h. The chromatographic conditions consisted of fluorescence detection (excitation at 350 nm and emission at 530 nm), mu-Bondapack NH(2) (300 x 3.9 mm), and mobile phase of acetonitrile:100 mM acetate buffer, pH 5.6 (76:24), pumped at 1.0 ml/min. The standard curves for each chondroitin disaccharide showed linearity over the selected concentration range (r > or = 0.99). The intraday percentage relative standard deviation was < or =9.5% and the interday precision was < or =6.9% or less. The relative intraday and interday error ranged from -7.3 to 6.6% for each chondroitin disaccharide in the plasma. The extraction recovery was found to be in the range of 90-96%. The validated method accurately quantitated the disaccharides of chondroitin sulfate after administration to dogs and horses.
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PMID:Determination of the chondroitin sulfate disaccharides in dog and horse plasma by HPLC using chondroitinase digestion, precolumn derivatization, and fluorescence detection. 1212 63

A method for the determination of hyaluronic acid in shark fin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. At 37 degrees C, with 0.2 mol/L Tris-HCl buffer solution, hyaluronic acid was converted to the hyaluronic acid disaccharide by zymohydrolysis with chondroitinase ABC. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: ZORBAX carbohydrate analysis column (4.6 mm i.d. x 250 mm, 5 microns); room temperature; UV-VIS detector set at 226 nm; mobile phase V(acetonitrile): V(0.5% phosphoric acid) = 2:98; 0.45 micron filter membrane, pumping filter; injection volume 10 microL; flow rate 1 mL/min. The calibration curve for the hyaluronic acid disaccharide was linear over the range of 25 g/L-600 g/L. This method was applied to the analysis of shark fin with satisfactory results. The hyaluronic acid contents in different shark fins were from 0.86% to 1.96%.
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PMID:[Zymohydrolysis with chondroitinase ABC and high performance liquid chromatography used for the determination of hyaluronic acid in shark fin]. 1268 8

SB-424323 is a new, orally active anti-thrombotic agent presently in phase-II clinical development, with limited hemorrhagic risk and a unique mechanism of action involving the induction of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) biosynthesis. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of endogenous GAGs derived disaccharides in plasma samples from a phase-II clinical study of SB-424323. Sample preparation was a simple heat treatment of the diluted plasma followed by digestion of endogenous GAGs with chondroitinase ABC to yield unsaturated disaccharides, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose (DeltaDi-0S), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose (DeltaDi-4S), and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose (DeltaDi-6S). These disaccharides were recovered and purified using centrifugal filtration through a filter with 3000 molecular weight cut-off along with externally added internal standard 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(2-O-sulfo-beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose (DeltaDi-UA2S). A gradient reverse phase HPLC separation was developed on a Waters Symmetry C(18) column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with a gradient mobile phase system consisting of 0.8 mM tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate and 2mM sodium chloride and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The eluate was monitored with an ultraviolet detector set at 230 nm. Plasma standard curves were linear (r(2)> or =0.994) in the concentration range 1.0-20 microg/mL with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1.0 microg/mL for each of the disaccharide. The mean measured quality control (QC) concentrations for the disaccharides deviated from the nominal concentrations in the range of -8.92 to 5.61% and -16.3 to 16.7%, for inter and intra-day, respectively. The inter and intra-day precision in the measurement of QC samples, were in the range of 3.21 to 18.2% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) and 0.32 to 20.9% R.S.D., respectively. The inter and intra-day precision in the measurement of endogenous GAGs derived disaccharides in human control plasma, were in the range of 5.8 to 15.9% R.S.D. and 1.17 to 7.74% R.S.D., respectively. Stability of the processed samples was confirmed up to 48 h in the auto-sampler. The method is simple, reliable, and easily adaptable to analysis of large number of samples under logistics of a clinical study. The present method has been used to investigate the GAGs levels in the plasma of patients in a phase II clinical study of SB-424323.
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PMID:Determination of endogenous glycosaminoglycans derived disaccharides in human plasma by HPLC: validation and application in a clinical study. 1637 67

We describe the sustained delivery of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in the hemisected spinal cord using polypropylene carbonate (PPC) electrospun fibers with chitosan (CS) microspheres as a vehicle. PPC and ChABC-loaded CS microspheres were mixed with acetonitrile, and micron fibers were generated by electrospinning. ChABC release was assessed in vitro with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and revealed stabilized and prolonged release. Moreover, the released ChABC showed sustained activity. PPC-CS micron fibers with or without ChABC were then implanted into a hemisected thoracic spinal cord. In the following 4 weeks, we examined functional recovery and performed immunohistochemical analyses. We found that sustained delivery of ChABC promoted axon sprouting and functional recovery and reduced glial scarring; PPC-CS micron fibers without ChABC did not show these effects. The present findings suggest that PPC-CS micron fibers containing ChABC are a feasible option for spinal cord injury treatment. Furthermore, the system described here may be useful for local delivery of other therapeutic agents.
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PMID:Sustained delivery of chondroitinase ABC by poly(propylene carbonate)-chitosan micron fibers promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord hemisection. 2631 76