Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.6.1 (sulfatase)
 3,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyperimmune antiserum to human pancreas was exhaustively absorbed with plasma, kidney, and submaxillary gland. The resulting antiserum showed up to seven antigens in pancreas extracts by gel diffusion methods, but failed to react detectably with extracts of 17 other organs and tissues. However, this apparently "tissue-specific" anti-pancreas reagent regularly revealed two of the pancreas antigens in normal human urine concentrates. One of the latter was an anodal esterase. Although the identity of the second is not yet known, it was shown to be devoid of the following enzyme activities: amylase, catalase, glucosaminidase, glucuronidase, cystine-aminopeptidase, phosphatases and sulfatase.
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PMID:Two pancreas "tissue-specific" antigens in normal human urine, one being and esterase. 80 37

To further document the effect of insulin on intestinal maturation, suckling rats were treated either with exogenous insulin (12.5 mU.g body wt, intraperitoneally, twice daily) or with saline from d 8 to 12 postpartum. Sucrase activity in brush border membrane extracts was precociously induced by insulin, whereas the activities of other brush border membrane enzymes (maltase, aminopeptidase, and neutral lactase) were enhanced (+ 30 to + 131%, p less than 0.01 versus controls). The lysosomal enzyme, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, which normally declines at weaning was significantly (p less than 0.025) decreased in both villus (-51%) and crypt cells (-57%) isolated from the jejunum of insulin-treated rats. The microsomal enzyme, sulfatase C, and the cytosolic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, were also sensitive to insulin with decreases in activity ranging from -37 to -63% (p less than 0.05) compared to saline-treated control rats. Insulin at doses of 0.5 or 12.5 mU did not influence plasma total corticosterone levels, which were about 9-fold lower in suckling than in 25-d-old weaned rats. In weaned rats (from d 25 to 32) insulin treatment (12.5 mU) failed to influence the activity of brush border membrane hydrolases or of lysosomal, microsomal, and cytosolic enzymes. The synthesis rate of mature sucrase-isomaltase, measured in weaned rats (32 d) by the incorporation of 14C-leucine into the enzyme precursor protein, was equivalent in both groups. These data demonstrate that the immature enterocyte of the suckling rat is responsive to insulin, whereas the mature enterocyte of the weaned rat is unresponsive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hormonal regulation of the rat small intestine: responsiveness of villus and crypt cells to insulin during the suckling period and unresponsiveness after weaning. 217 34

When the distribution profile of hydrolases in mycelial homogenates and culture filtrates of A. parasiticus and A. flavus was examined, six hydrolytic enzymes viz. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, aryl sulfatase, alkaline proteinase, cathepsin B, cathepsin D and aminopeptidase were detected in homogenate. The culture filtrates were devoid of any activity of these enzymes. The enzyme levels varied with the stage of incubation. The most abundant fungal exopeptidase showing preference for basic amino acid naphthylamides seems to be an aminopeptidase B. Incorporation of CEPA, an ethylene generating compound, stimulated the amino peptidase activity in the mycelium but inhibited the enzyme in vitro. The enzyme was also inhibited by different aflatoxins to varying degree. While aminopeptidase B was located intracellularly, a non-dialysable, heat-stable inhibitor of the enzyme was found to be secreted in the culture filtrate. This peptide inhibitor was however ineffective on the other enzymes.
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PMID:Intracellular hydrolases of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. 249 93

In order to investigate the availability and release of enzymes from eosinophilic granulocytes in response to a variety of stimuli, guinea pig peritoneal eosinophils were obtained after repeated intraperitoneal injections of freeze-dried Trichinella spiralis larvae. The activities of the enzymes peroxidase, arylsulfatase B, beta-glucuronidase, aminopeptidase, histaminase, cytochrome c oxidase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase, and the major basic protein (MBP) were studied histochemically and, in part, also biochemically. Eosinophils were incubated with the following substances: histamine, platelet activating factor, calcium ionophore, compound 48/80, leukotriene B4, prostaglandins E1, and E2, heparin, and eosinophil-chemotactic factors from neutrophils and lymphocytes. Eosinophils displayed a selective and stimulus-dependent enzyme and MBP reaction. Calcium ionophore and compound 48/80 provoked a release of cytotoxic major basic protein, partly associated with peroxidase release, while leukotriene B4 and eosinophil chemotactic factors caused histaminase and peroxidase release and activated leucinaminopeptidase. Heparin and calcium ionophore induced release of both MBP and histaminase. These data support the concept that eosinophils exhibit either inflammatory or cytotoxic, or antiinflammatory properties upon stimulation by various agents.
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PMID:Activation and release of enzymes and major basic protein from guinea pig eosinophil granulocytes induced by different inflammatory stimuli and other substances. A histochemical, biochemical, and electron microscopic study. 275 82

Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) has been shown to be one of the major mediators in hypersensitive reactions and to be composed of leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4 and LTE4. In the present study, we examined the properties of SRS-A released from sensitized guinea pig lungs by antigen and SRS released from rat peritoneal exudate cells and from human leucocytes by ionophore A23187 (0.5 and 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively). By the incubation with SRS-A, SRS and LTs with arylsulfatase (type V) in pH 5.7 buffered solution at 37 degrees C for 30 min, SRS-A and LTD4 were greatly inactivated and rat SRS was slightly inactivated, but human SRS and LTC4 were not inactivated at all. The same results were obtained when aminopeptidase was used in place of arylsulfatase. Moreover, when SRS-A, LTC4 and LTD4 were incubated with 0.02 mg/ml of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) pH 8.0 buffered solution at 37 degrees C for 30 min, the activities of SRS-A and LTD4 were slightly decreased, but those of SRS and LTC4 were obviously potentiated. On the other hand, incubation with a large amount of gamma-GTP (0.2 mg/ml) a dose at which this enzyme preparation showed clear aminopeptidase activity, SRS-A, SRS, LTC4 and LTD4 were obviously inactivated. In addition, we found a peak of LTD4 in guinea pig SRS-A, that of LTC4 in human SRS, and that of LTC4 in rat SRS on high performance liquid chromatograms. From these results, we demonstrated that guinea pig lung SRS-A is mainly composed of LTD4, human leukocyte SRS is mainly LTC4, and rat peritoneal SRS is composed of both LTC4 and LTD4. The inactivation of LTD4 and SRS-A by arylsulfatase may be due to aminopeptidase contamination in the enzyme preparation.
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PMID:Enzymatic study to characterize the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and leukotrienes. 288 41

Perfusion of cat paws with compound 48/80 released two slow reacting substances (SRSs) which were isolated and characterized as 5-hydroxy-6-S-cysteinylglycyl-7,9,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid (SRS I) and 5-hydroxy-6-S-cysteinyl-7,9,11,14-icosatetraeonic acid (SRS II) on the basis of chemical degradations, amino acid analyses, spectroscopic and enzymic experiments, and comparison with synthetic samples. The smooth muscle-contractile activities of synthetic 5-hydroxy-6-gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycyl-7,9,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid, synthetic 5-hydroxy-6-S-cysteinyl-7,9,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid, and SRS II were not inactivated by arylsulfatase. On the other hand, the spasmogenic activities produced by synthetic 5-hydroxy-6-S-cysteinylglycyl-7,9,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid and SRS I were destroyed at the same rate by the arylsulfatase. This mode of inactivation was attributed to an aminopeptidase activity in the arylsulfatase preparation because 5-hydroxyl-6-S-cysteinyl-7,9,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid was isolated and identified as the reaction end product. Because the properties of SRS from cat paws closely resemble those of SRS generated by immunological stimulation of human tissues (SRS-A) and because all known SRS-A are inactivated by arylsulfatases, we contend that 5-hydroxy-6-S-cysteinylglycyl-7,9,11-14-icosatetraenoic acid (SRS I) corresponds to SRS-A.
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PMID:Identification of the slow reacting substances from cat paws. 610 58

The culture conditions of Afipia felis, A. broomeae, A. clevelandensis and three unnamed Afipia genospecies were investigated on BCY agar supplemented with different substances known as growth factors of Legionella spp. and, furthermore, with sodium chloride and other salts. The organisms were found to be susceptible to a certain degree to byproducts of the autoclaving which are scavenged by activated by charcoal. Growth was weakly enhanced by ferric pyrophosphate, cystein.HCl, and alpha-ketoglutarate. These substances are no obligatory growth factors. The optimal pH value was about 6.8. Afipia spp. showed a strong susceptibility to NaCl and other salts. They possess phosphatase, phosphoamidase, phosphodiesterase, a weak sulfatase, glycine aminopeptidase, and L-lysine aminopeptidase. The strains differed with regard to other proteases and aminopeptidases. The decimal reduction times of A. felis at 55 degrees C and 60 degrees C were 11 min, < 1 min, respectively.
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PMID:Investigations of culture and properties of Afipia spp. 773 25

To learn the reasons for the high incidence of biliary carcinoma in patients with anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary duct (APBD) mutagenicity of the bile of APBD-modeled dogs that had received a dorsal pancreatico-cholecystostomy was assayed by the Ames Salmonella mutation test. The bile from two out of 18 APBD dogs was mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 under the condition of metabolic activation by rat liver S9 fraction, while the bile from 17 normal dogs was not mutagenic. Furthermore, the bile from five APBD dogs i.p. administered 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which is a typical environmental mutagen, was more mutagenic for strain TA98 than that from 1-NP-treated normal dogs. The bile from the APBD dogs had very high amylase activity, indicating that the bile contained pancreatic juice as a result of the pancreatico-cholecystostomy. When pancreatic juice from a normal dog was added to the bile from 1-NP-treated normal dogs, mutagenicity of the bile increased 1.6- to 2.0-fold. Furthermore, sulfatase increased the mutagenic activity of the bile in the presence of the pancreatic juice. HPLC revealed that the bile from a 1-NP-treated APBD dog contained mutagenic 1-nitro-6/8-hydroxypyrene and 1-nitro-3-hydroxypyrene, while bile from a 1-NP-treated normal dog did not contain these deconjugated products. The pancreatic juice from a normal dog had very high gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aminopeptidase activities and low sulfatase activity, but it had no beta-glucuronidase activity. In addition, the bacteria that easily infect the biliary duct of APBD dogs, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, had high beta-glucuronidase activity. In particular, Klebsiella showed a very high sulfatase activity. These results suggest that pancreatic juice enzymes and bacteria infecting the biliary duct deconjugate the detoxified mutagens in the bile and induce mutagenicity of the bile from APBD dogs or APBD patients.
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PMID:Mutagenicity of the bile of dogs with an experimental model of an anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary duct. 847 41

A rapid protocol was developed to measure 10 different enzymic activities from a large number of 1-cm-sliced freshly collected lake sediments. Layers heavily polluted by organic halogens (4900 mg Cl kg(-1)) revealed severe depression of phosphatase, sulfatase, leucine-aminopeptidase, chitinase, acetate esterase and butyrate esterase activities as compared to layers above and below the most polluted zone. alpha-Glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase and palmitate esterase were less affected. Methane oxidation potential was dramatically depressed in the polluted strata whereas tetrachloromethane dehalogenating activity was observed in the polluted sediment only. The sediment layers formed after the chlorine discharges into the lake had diminished to 1/10, and showed restoration of the activities close to those observed in non-recipient sediment, in spite of the persisting presence of >1000 mg of organic chlorine (kg dry wt)(-1). We conclude that certain enzymic activities involved in breakdown or oxidation of organic matter in the sediments are useful probes for assessing the degree of ecological damage and its potential for restoration in recipient lakes of industrial discharges.
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PMID:Evaluation of ecological disturbance and intrinsic bioremediation potential of pulp mill-contaminated lake sediment using key enzymes as probes. 1509 3

The aim of this study was to understand if two species of salt marsh plants, widely distributed in European estuaries (Spartina maritima and Halimione portulacoides) differently influence the distribution, activity, and metabolic physiology of sediment bacterial communities in monospecific banks, in comparison with uncolonized sediment (control). Microbiological descriptors of abundance and activity were assessed along vertical profiles of sediments. Rates of activity of the extracellular enzymes beta-glucosidase, alpha-glucosidase, aminopeptidase, arylsulfatase, and phosphatase were generally higher in the vegetation banks in relation to control sediments where they were also less variable with depth. This is interpreted as an indirect effect related to supply of plant-derived polymeric substrates for bacterial growth. Parameters related to sediment texture (grain size, percent of fines or water content) showed significant relations with cell abundance or maximum hydrolysis rates, pointing to an indirect effect of plant colonization exerted through the modification of sediment physical properties. The profiles of utilization of sole-carbon-source (Biolog Ecoplates) showed that only the communities from the upper sediment layer of the S. maritima and the H. portulacoides banks exhibit consistent differences in terms of physiological profiles. Bacterial communities in control sediments exhibited the lowest physiological variability between surface and sub-surface communities. The results indicate that microbial colonization and organic matter decomposition are enhanced under the influence of salt marsh plants and confirm that plant coverage is a major determinant of the processes of organic matter recycling in intertidal estuarine sediments.
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PMID:Effects of monospecific banks of salt marsh vegetation on sediment bacterial communities. 2049 97


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