Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.6.1 (sulfatase)
 3,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous work from our laboratory (Biochem. J. 219:689-697 (1984] had shown that hydrocortisone stimulated the net accumulation of the myelin-specific sulfolipid in cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse cerebra. This accumulation caused by hydrocortisone was shown to be due to a decrease of sulfolipid degradation by arylsulfatase A (ASA) and not due to a stimulation of its synthesis by a sulfotransferase. Both ASA activity and the turnover of sulfolipid were decreased by hydrocortisone to 60-62% of untreated cells. In current work the same decrease in enzyme activity was obtained and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays demonstrate that hydrocortisone decreased the number of ASA protein molecules to 61% of untreated cells [(-)hydrocortisone: 0.31 +/- 0.06 ng ASA/microgram protein; (+)hydrocortisone: 0.18 +/- 0.04 ng ASA/microgram protein]. This decrease in the number of ASA molecules correlates well with the decrease in both the enzyme activity and the sulfolipid turnover, which suggests that the major mode of inhibition of ASA activity by hydrocortisone involves a decrease in the concentration of ASA in the cells rather than some other mechanism of inhibition.
Neurochem Res 1990 Sep
PMID:Hydrocortisone regulates arylsulfatase A (cerebroside-3-sulfate-3-sulfohydrolase) by decreasing the quantity of the enzyme in cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse cerebra. 198 Mar 45

Two monoclonal antibodies (10C10 and 4D5) have been developed from the spleen cells of Balb/c mice immunized with 6-aminobenzo[a]pyrene covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin. These antibodies have been used in an immunoassay for the detection of benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites in mouse urine. The antibodies were characterized in terms of sensitivity and specificity by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With both antibodies, 50% inhibition of antibody binding is at 4 pmol of BP. The antibodies also cross-react with a number of BP metabolites as well as with several other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including pyrene, 1-aminopyrene, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene but with different sensitivities. These results suggest that this assay will detect multiple PAH metabolites in urine. To test the assay on biological samples, mice were treated with [3H]BP, and urine was collected and digested with beta-glucuronidase and aryl sulfatase. Several methods were used to isolate BP and its metabolites from the urine, including ethyl acetate extraction, Sep-pak C18 cartridge chromatography, XAD2 resin chromatography, and immunoaffinity chromatography with antibody 4D5. Analysis of the urine extracts with antibody 4D5 gave 50% inhibition at 12-15 pmol of metabolites. Thus, quantitation of metabolites in this sample by competitive ELISA against a standard curve of BP would have underestimated actual metabolite levels by about 70%. This assay will be applied to the analysis of urines from individuals with environmental or occupational exposure. Since humans are usually exposed to BP in complex mixtures of PAHs, multiple metabolites may be present in the urine, making absolute quantitation difficult. This assay should thus serve as a general indicator of exposure to this class of chemicals.
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PMID:Immunologic methods for the detection of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites in urine. 213 77

The growth of uterine leiomyoma is regulated not only by the estrogen levels in blood, but also by estrogen production in the tumor itself. In this study, we investigated both the estrone formation (estrone sulfatase activity) and the transformation from estrone to estrone sulfate (estrone sulfotransferase activity) in human leiomyoma tissue. We compared them with those in the myometrium and endometrial tissues overlying and opposite a uterine leiomyoma node. We also measured the tissue concentrations of estrone, estradiol and estrone sulfate. Estrone sulfatase activity in the uterine leiomyoma was 0.49 +/- 0.08 nmol/h/mg protein (Mean +/- SE), and was lower than that in the myometrial tissue (0.76 +/- 0.09). Moreover, the enzyme activity was higher in the endometrium overlying the leiomyoma node (2.62 +/- 0.29) than in the endometrium opposite to it (2.10 +/- 0.24). On the other hand, estrone sulfotransferase activity in the myoma (20.2 +/- 2.4 pmol/h/mg protein) was higher than in myometrial tissue (16.7 +/- 2.3). The concentrations of estrone and estradiol in leiomyoma tissue were lower than in the tissues surrounding the leiomyoma. The tissue concentration of estrone sulfate was higher in leiomyoma tissues. These results suggest that estrone sulfate is hydrolyzed mainly by estrone sulfatase in the endometrium and myometrium surrounding leiomyoma nodes and the estrone formed may affect the growth of leiomyoma.
Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 1990 Sep
PMID:[Study on the local estrogen biosynthesis in human uterine leiomyoma]. 221 23

We have compared hormone production by early gestation and term human placental trophoblasts cultured in Ham's F10 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum with that by cells cultured in serum-free HB102 medium. Mean daily production of progesterone on Days 3 to 7 was approximately 25% less by both early gestation and term cells cultured in HB102 as compared to Ham's F10, but production was maintained at a stable level for at least 7 d longer than the cells in Ham's. Estradiol production from 10(-6) M dehydroepiandrosterone by both early gestation and term cells was comparable in both media. Human placental lactogen production on Days 3 to 7 was 40% less by cells cultured in HB102. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) output by early gestation cells was also 50% less in HB102 but term cells in HB102 produced twice as much hCG as those in Ham's F10. 3B-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3BHSD) activity in early gestation and term cells and 11B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11BHSD) activity of early gestation cultures was comparable in the two media. 11BHSD activity was decreased in the term cultures, and this decrease was more marked in Ham's than in HB102. Sulfatase and aromatase activities in the early gestation cultures were comparable in both media; sulfatase activity was comparable and aromatase activity only 20% less in the term cells cultured in HB102. These results indicate that serum-free HB102 supports differentiated function of human trophoblast cells and is useful for studies of placental activity for as long as 14 d in culture.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1990 Sep
PMID:A serum-free system for culturing human placental trophoblasts. 222 3

Arylsulfatase activities (96-h reaction) of various strains of Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare, as identified by a DNA probe test, were measured. The enzyme activities of M. avium strains were significantly lower [corrected] than those of M. intracellulare strains (P less than 0.005 to P less than 0.025). The enzyme activities did not vary with serovar; that is, the activities of serovars 1, 2, 8, and 9 (belonging to M. avium) were similar to each other, as were the activities of serovars 7, 12, 13, 14, and 16 (belonging to M. intracellulare). The results indicate the usefulness of the arylsulfatase test in distinguishing M. avium from M. intracellulare in an accurate manner.
J Clin Microbiol 1990 Sep
PMID:Arylsulfatase activity for differentiating Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. 222 91

Mammary tissue from 44 primiparous mice at various stages of pregnancy, lactation, and involution were stained for aryl sulfatase (lysosomal marker enzyme) activity and prepared for electron microscopy. Stereological techniques were used to determine the distribution of lysosomes per unit of cytoplasmic area in mammary epithelial cells. The number of primary lysosomes (containing only enzyme) was stable throughout the study, except for a temporary increase following parturition. Secondary lysosomes (containing substrate undergoing active digestion) designated as either telolysosomes or dense bodies were more frequent in mammary epithelial cells from animals in the late involution and early pregnancy stages than in lactating animals. However, telolysosomes did increase temporarily at the onset of lactation and casein micelles were identified within secondary lysosomes throughout the lactation stage. The frequencies for endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus containing aryl sulfatase reaction product were highest in secretory cells, when these structures were predominant. Shifts in lysosomal populations throughout the study suggests that lysosomes may have an active role within the mammary epithelial cells during differentiation and secretion as well as during involution.
J Dairy Sci 1990 Sep
PMID:Distribution of the lysosomal enzyme aryl sulfatase in murine mammary tissue through pregnancy, lactation, and involution. 225 80

MCF-7 breast tumor cells form multicellular foci in vitro when supplemented with 17 beta-estradiol (E2). In the presence of E2 and the aryl hydrocarbon-receptor agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), MCF-7 cells grow to confluence but do not form foci. To investigate the role of E2 metabolism in this antiestrogenic effect of TCDD, analyses were performed by capillary GC/MS. The results revealed that pretreatment of MCF-7 cultures with TCDD (10 nM) rapidly depletes E2. In untreated cultures supplemented with 10 nM E2, the concentration of free E2 decreased to 4 nM in the first 12 hr, followed by a slower rate of decline. After 3 days most E2 in the medium was in conjugated form(s); 1.7 nM was present as free E2, and 2.9 nM was released by treatment with glucuronidase/sulfatase. In TCDD-treated cultures, E2 declined to 290 pM in 12 hr and after 2 days was not detected (less than 100 pM) either as free steroid or after treatment with glucuronidase/sulfatase. Intracellular E2 and estrone were likewise depleted by pretreatment with TCDD. Microsomes from TCDD-treated cells showed highly elevated aryl hydrocarbon-hydroxylase activity and catalyzed hydroxylations of E2 at C-2, C-4, C-15 alpha, and C-6 alpha with a combined rate of 0.85 nmol/min per nmol of cytochrome P-450 at saturating E2. These results suggest that depletion of E2 by enhanced metabolism accounts for the antiestrogenic activity of TCDD in MCF-7 cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 Sep
PMID:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin causes an extensive alteration of 17 beta-estradiol metabolism in MCF-7 breast tumor cells. 239 86

The ars-1+ gene of Neurospora crassa encodes the enzyme arylsulfatase. ars-1+ is in a group of highly regulated sulfur-related structural genes that are expressed under conditions of sulfur limitation and are under coordinate control of the cys-3+ and scon+ regulatory genes. The ars-1+ gene was cloned by chromosome walking from the qa gene cluster, using a lambda library. Cotransformation of an N. crassa ars-1 mutant with the isolated lambda clones and the benomyl resistance gene, followed by assay for arylsulfatase activity, was used to screen for the ars-1+ gene. Further confirmation that the cloned segment mapped to the ars-1+ locus was obtained by restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed that the ars-1+ gene was transcribed to give an mRNA of 2.3 kilobases. In wild-type cells, the ars-1+ transcript was abundant under sulfur-derepressing conditions but absent under repressing conditions. Time course analysis showed that the appearance of ars-1+ message in sulfur-derepressed cultures paralleled the appearance of arylsulfatase enzyme activity. In addition, transcription of ars-1+ was detected only under derepressing conditions in a nuclear transcription assay. In a cys-3 regulatory mutant that was unable to synthesize arylsulfatase (or other sulfur-controlled enzymes), there was no ars-1+ transcript under repressing or derepressing conditions. In a temperature-sensitive cys-3 mutant, the ars-1+ transcript was present only at the permissive growth temperature and under sulfur derepression. A negative regulatory mutant, sconc, displayed both constitutive expression of arylsulfatase enzyme activity and content of ars-1+ message.
Mol Cell Biol 1989 Sep
PMID:Molecular cloning and regulatory analysis of the arylsulfatase structural gene of Neurospora crassa. 252 85

Arylsulfatases are a group of enzymes that remove sulfate moieties from a diverse set of substrates including glycoproteins, steroids, and cerebrosides. We have isolated recombinant cDNA clones corresponding to an arylsulfatase (SpARS) message that encodes an abundant protein of pluteus larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Although vertebrate arylsulfatases have broad tissue distributions, in situ hybridization with a probe for SpARS shows that the sea urchin message accumulates in the embryo only in the single cell type of aboral ectoderm and its precursors. The message is first detectable by RNase protection assays around hatching blastula stage and accumulates through pluteus larva stage. The open reading frame of cDNA clones is 1701 nt long and encodes a deduced protein with a predicted molecular mass of 61 kDa. Analysis of corresponding genomic DNA clones reveals that the pre-mRNA contains six exons. Consistent with the fact that arylsulfatase enzyme activity is extracellular, this polypeptide has a hydrophobic leader sequence and three potential glycosylation sites. Furthermore, hybridization in situ shows that in blastulae arylsulfatase message is preferentially concentrated around nuclei at the basal sides of cells. The S. purpuratus sequence is very similar to that recently reported for the same enzyme from Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and 30% of the amino acid residues are also identical to those of both human arylsulfatase C (steroid sulfatase) and arylsulfatase A. Sequence relationships among these four mRNAs suggest that, assuming equal rates of evolution, the duplication separating the human genes occurred at about the time of separation of the echinoderm and vertebrate lineages.
Dev Biol 1989 Sep
PMID:Structure and tissue-specific developmental expression of a sea urchin arylsulfatase gene. 276 35

Steroid sulfatase activity was quantified in liver microsomes from hypophysectomized adult female rats treated with estradiol and continuous or intermittent human growth hormone (hGH). Hypophysectomy clearly enhanced sulfatase activity as compared to intact female rats. Normal female values were completely restored by continuous infusion of hGH (1.4 i.u./kg/day). Neither the same dose of hGH given as two daily injections nor estrogen replacement therapy had any effect. It is concluded that liver microsome sulfatase activity in the non-pregnant rat is regulated by the sexually dimorphic secretory pattern of GH.
J Steroid Biochem 1989 Sep
PMID:Secretory pattern of growth hormone regulates steroid sulfatase activity in rat liver. 277 33


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