Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.6.1 (sulfatase)
 3,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome can be diagnosed by assay of leukocyte or fibroblast arylsulfatase A and B activity with the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate. The arylsulfatases are extracted into a 27000 x g supernatant by sonication in 0.9% sodium chloride and then separated with CM-32 on columns or in test tubes. In 0.05 M sodium acetate pH 6.0, arylsulfatase A is not absorbed while arylsulfatase B is retained by the resin. The arylsulfatase B is then eluted from the resin with 0.3 M sodium chloride. The arylsulfatase A activity obtained from normal leukocytes and fibroblasts is linear for the initial 10 minutes of the reaction, is stimulated 3-fold by 6 mM lead acetate and inhibited 80% by 0.24 mM silver nitrate. After separation with CM-32, the arylsulfatase B activity is stimulated 3-fold by Triton X-100 (0.1%). Arylsulfatase A but not arylsulfatase B is destroyed by heat (60 degrees). Both leukocyte and fibroblast arylsulfatase A activity was reduced to 11% of control values in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Essentially no arylsulfatase B activity was detected in cells from patients with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. Metachromatic leukodystrophy heterozygotes but not Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome heterozygotes can also be distinguished by this method. A heat inactivation technique utilizing the differential thermal stabilities of the two enzymes for diagnosis of patients with Marotezux-Lamy syndrome is also described. The advantages of these 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate assay procedures over the p-nitrocatechol sulfate method of assay are greater sensitivity, selectivity for the desired enzyme and potential for use in large scale testing.
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PMID:Arylsulfatases A and B in metachromatic leukodystrophy and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome: studies with 4-methylumelliferyl sulfate. 0 5

A total of 24 strains of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion and agar dilution techniques. By comparing zones of inhibition obtained with the disk diffusion technique with results of minimal inhibitory concentration determinations, it was shown that disk diffusion results could predict in vitro susceptibility to selected antimicrobial agents. All of 17 strains of M. fortuitum were susceptible to </=1 mug of amikacin per ml. The corresponding average zone of inhibition around a 10-mug amikacin disk was 37 mm. Seven M. chelonei strains were more resistant to amikacin, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1 to 32 mug/ml, and the corresponding average zone size was 21 mm. Susceptibility of both M. fortuitum and M. chelonei to tetracycline was variable and none of the M. chelonei strains was inhibited by polymyxin B, whereas M. fortuitum strains consistently had zones of inhibition around the polymyxin disk. It appears that identification to species of the M. fortuitum complex may be of importance with regard to antibiotic susceptibility. Separation of M. fortuitum and M. chelonei was readily accomplished in the present study by the nitrate reduction and 3-day arylsulfatase tests.
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PMID:Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. 47 59

Strains of scotochromogenic mycobacteria were studied by using numerical taxonomy methods in an attempt to more clearly define Mycobacterium szulgai and to find tests useful in identifying the species. In this study all strains of M. szulgai were strong reducers of nitrate, were slow in hydrolyzing Tween 80, and gave a high semiquantitative catalase reaction. Results obtained indicate that the use of increased pigmentation after 1 h of light exposure at 25 C and that the use of arylsulfatase activity are of questionable diagnostic value in separating the species from other scotochrompgenic mycobacteria.
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PMID:Differential identification of Mycobaterium szulgai and other scotochromogenic mycobateria. 126 53

When leprosy bacilli grown in nude mouse foot pad were used for culture experiments, cultivable acid-fast bacillus was sometimes isolated as a contaminant. Whenever bacilli were inoculated to nude mice, the same leprosy bacilli were killed by autoclaving and were inoculated in to foot pads of 5 nude mice for examination of this cause of the contamination. Acid-fast bacillus was cultivated on 3% Ogawa egg medium at 33 degrees C from homogenates of foot pads of nude mice infected with M. leprae after one year and a while of infection. Foot pad of nude mouse injected with leprosy bacilli was cut off, ground in mortar and passed through sterile absorbent cotton and the filtrate was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes. The sediment was inoculated on 3% Ogawa egg medium after treating with a small amount of sterile 1 N sodium hydroxide. Acid-fast bacilli were isolated from 3 out of 41 mice inoculoted with heat killed bacilli. The isolated acid-fast bacillus did not be observed in the same experimental group inocudated with live bacilli, positive cases were scattered in another groups. Four out of 16 tubes were positive for acid-fast bacilli in mice infected with Kurume-naha and 5 out of 7 tubes in the Amami-KM infected mouse group. The two negative tubes were discarded due to contamination. Kurume-Oki strain which has yellow colonial morphology was isolated from one out of 6 culture tubes. Strains Kurume-naha and Amami-KM have the same characteristics as follows: slow grower with pale yellow smooth colonial morphology, strongly positive for niacin production and ureas; positive for nicotinamidase, pyradinamidase and 68 degrees C catalase; no growth at 45 degrees C, negative for nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of Tween 80, diamine oxidase, heat stable acid-phosphatase and arylsulphatase; resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and B 663. Two isolates were identified as Mycobacterium simiae from these characteristics. Characteristics of a Kurume-Oki isolate was as follows: slow grower with yellow smooth colonial morphology, positive for urease, 68 degrees C catalase, hydrolysis of Tween 80 and arylsulfatase; no growth at 45 degrees C, negative for niacin production, nicotinamidase, pyradinamidase, nitrate reduction, daimine oxidase and heat stable acid-phosphatase; resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and B. 663. This bacillus was identified as Mycobacterium gordonae from these characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acid-fast bacilli isolated from foot pads of nude mice infected with leprosy bacilli]. 213 33

Twenty morphologically similar strains of a Mycobacterium sp isolated from milk of cows with bovine mastitis in the US Department of Agriculture dairy herd were identified as M smegmatis. Mastitis isolates submitted from Vermont and Washington also were identified as M smegmatis. A scheme for presumptive identification of rapidly growing mycobacteria was developed, using culture media and bacteriologic techniques commonly used in mastitis diagnostic laboratories. Important tests used were acid-fast staining, rapidity of growth, pigmentation, nitrate reduction, arylsulfatase activity, mucic acid utilization, acid production from galactose, rhamnose, and inositol, and growth at 45 C and 52 C.
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PMID:Characterization and identification of Mycobacterium smegmatis in bovine mastitis. 359 73

Biochemical activities of 20 wild-type strains and of 2 laboratory strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were evaluated. Biochemical activities evaluated were growth at 30 C, 37 C, and 42 C; production of urease, niacin, pyrazinamidase, arylsulfatase, and catalase; hydrolyzation of Tween 80; reduction of nitrate and tellurite; and growth in 5% NaCl. Antimicrobial susceptibility to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (10 micrograms/ml), neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomycin (2 micrograms/ml), rifampin (0.25 micrograms/ml), and isoniazid (10 micrograms/ml) also was determined. Generally, M paratuberculosis was biochemically inactive, with only a few strains producing pyrazinamidase and maintaining catalase activity after heating. All strains grew optimally at 37 C, grew slightly at 30 C, and did not grow at 42 C. Wild-type strains did not grow in the presence of neotetrazolium chloride, streptomycin, and rifampin, and grew in the presence of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide and isoniazid. Although biochemical evaluation can be used as an aid in the identification of M paratuberculosis, growth rate, and mycobactin dependency remain major criteria for positive identification.
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PMID:Biochemical characteristics of various strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. 374 Jun 13

White bands resulting from precipitation of dodecan-1-ol liberated by hydrolysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate and decan-5-ol released by hydrolysis of decan-5-yl sulfate produced zymograms of the primary and secondary alkylsulfatases from Pseudomonas C(12)B. Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of ether extracts of the precipitate-containing segments of the zymograms confirmed the identity of the alcohols which were not discerned in extracts of segments of the gels other than those containing precipitates. beta-Galactosidase from Escherichia coli was marked on zymograms by the liberation of o-nitrophenol from o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, and arylsulfatase from Pseudomonas C(12)B was marked in gels by liberation of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl sulfate. Membrane-associated dissimilatory nitrate reductases from a nitrate respirer (Enterobacter aerogenes) and a denitrifier (Pseudomonas perfectomarinus) did not penetrate either 6.8 or 3% polyacrylamide gel but were demonstrable at the top of the gels. In the membrane-bound state, formate served as electron donor for nitrate reductase from E. aerogenes, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) served as donor for nitrate reductase from P. perfectomarinus. Both enzymes reduced nitrate at the expense of reduced benzyl viologen as well. Assimilatory nitrate reductase from E. aerogenes moved easily into the 6.8% gels (R(f) = 0.43 under the conditions of these experiments). The reduced dye served as electron donor for the assimilatory reductase, but formate and NADH did not. Incubation of the membrane-associated nitrate reductases with 2% Triton X-100 solubilized the enzymes and removed the capacity of formate and NADH to serve as electron donors. Both retained the ability to reduce nitrate at the expense of reduced benzyl viologen. The solubilized dissimilatory reductase from E. aerogenes moved further in the gels (R(f) = 0.49) than the soluble assimilatory reductase; the solubilized dissimilatory reductase from the denitrifier, P. perfectomarinus, moved further in the gels (R(f) = 0.64) than either of the enzymes from E. aerogenes.
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PMID:Methods for visualization of enzymes in polyacrylamide gels. 435 59

This report deals with the differential diagnosis between Mycobacterium marinum and M. kansasii. We found that the two species could be differentiated by using six main tests, namely, the nitrate reduction test, the arylsulfatase test, the ability to grow in the presence of 10.0 mug of amithiazone per ml, the ability to grow in the presence of 5.0 mug of kanamycin per ml, the temperature-ratio test, and the rate of growth on solid medium. In contrast to M. kansasii, considerable variation was observed among strains of M. marinum. However, the evidence obtained was not considered sufficient to justify the conclusion that more than one species was represented among the strains identified as M. marinum.
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PMID:Differential identification of Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium marinum. 492 35

The characteristics of an unclassified Mycobacterium sp. isolated from three patients with Crohn's disease are presented. The organism is extremely fastidious and mycobactin dependent and may require up to 18 months of incubation for primary isolation. Colony morphology is rough. Characteristics are unlike those of any presently defined species. The isolates produced postive niacin, catalase, and 2-week arylsulfatase reactions and were susceptible to neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomycin (2 micrograms/ml), and rifampin (0.25 micrograms/ml). Chromogenicity, nitrate reduction, quantitative catalase, Tween hydrolysis, urease, tellurite reduction, pyrazinamidase, and 3-day arylsulfatase tests were negative, and the isolates were resistant to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (10 micrograms/ml) and isoniazid (10 micrograms/ml). Optimum growth in broth was determined to be in 7H9 medium with Dubos oleic albumin complex, Tween 80, and mycobactin J at 37 degrees C without CO2 or agitation and in low medium depth. This Mycobacterium sp. may be a subspecies or biovariant of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, or it may represent a new species of Mycobacterium. It is suggested that this Mycobacterium sp. may play an etiological role in some cases of Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Characteristics of an unclassified Mycobacterium species isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. 651 78

The biochemical tests, namely, niacin, catalase, nitrate reduction, tween hydrolysis, tellurite reduction, arylsulfatase and urease tests were carried out for all the mycobacteria which are immunogenically closely related to M. leprae. Among them only M. vaccae shows closest relationship with M. leprae when compared with its communicated data. Except for the tellurite reduction test which was variable in case of M. leprae, all the other tests were found similar to that of M. leprae. In the next experiment, the thin-layer chromatographic pattern of mycolates from M. leprae has been compared with that of M. leprae. The presence of Keto-mycolate in the cell wall structure of both M. vaccae and M. leprae also reflects their biochemical relationship at their ultrastructural level.
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PMID:Biochemical correlation of M. vaccae with M. leprae. 675 76


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