Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.4.37 (CNPase)
 539 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronically-administered ethanol, not impaired nutrition, exerts a specific effect to decrease myelination as measured by the activity of the marker enzyme for myelin, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase.
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PMID:Myelination in chronically-alcoholic mice. 56 75

Primary cultures of cerebral glia derived from newborn rat brain were utilized to evaluate the effects of ethanol on DNA synthesis and cellular differentiation. Glutamine synthetase was employed as a marker for astrocytic differentiation and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP), for oligodendroglial differentiation. Concentrations of ethanol of 17-86 mM, i.e., a concentration range comparable to that observed in humans, were utilized. No effect of ethanol on DNA synthesis was observed, despite the use of synchronized cultures. Similarly, no effect of ethanol on the developmental increase of glutamine synthetase activity was seen, despite the use of astrocytes purified by the selective detachment technique and a prolonged duration of exposure to ethanol (17 days). In contrast, however, a striking enhancement of CNP activity was demonstrable in both mixed glial cultures and in oligodendroglia purified by the selective detachment technique. In the latter cells, the stimulatory effect of ethanol was evident within 9 days of exposure, and after 17 days of exposure, ethanol-treated cells exhibited a two-fold higher CNP activity than did control cells. This peak effect was observed at an ethanol concentration of only 17 mM. Thus, these data indicate that (1) clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol have no effect on either DNA synthesis or on at least one expression of astrocytic differentiation in glial primary cultures, but (2) these concentrations exert a striking enhancement of CNP activity, a marker of oligodendroglial differentiation. The findings have implications both for the effects of ethanol on the developing nervous system and the regulation of oligodendroglial differentiation.
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PMID:Ethanol in clinically relevant concentrations enhances expression of oligodendroglial differentiation but has no effect on astrocytic differentiation or DNA synthesis in primary cultures. 256 4

1. A spectrophotometric assay of 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.37) based on the use of an acid-base indicator and a buffer having identical pKa values is described. The assay is simple and rapid; it was particularly convenient for monitoring the enzyme activity at various stages of purification. 2. Several proteinases were examined for their ability to solubilize 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase from delipidated brain white matter. Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and elastase (EC 3.4.21.11) appeared to be more effective than the other proteinases examined. Trypsin, however, caused inactivation; elastase was therefore chosen to solubilize 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. When a partially purified preparation of 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase was treated with elastase, 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase was solubilized nearly quantitatively. Elastatinal, a specific inhibitor of elastase, specifically inhibited the solubilization with elastase. 3. 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase was purified from bovine brain white matter by: (i) delipidation; (ii) solubilization with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; (iii) gel chromatography on Sepharose; (iv) ethanol precipitation and resolubilization by digestion with elastase; (v) chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex; (vi) affinity chromatography on 8-(6-aminohexyl)amino-2'-AMP-Sepharose. 4. The purified enzyme migrated as a single protein band on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3 and on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis; the estimated mol.wt. in the latter electrophoresis was 27000-31000. Gel filtration of the purified enzyme through Sephadex G-150 indicated a mol.wt. of 31000. Therefore the purified enzyme is a monomer protein with a mol.wt. of approx. 30000.
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PMID:Spectrophotometric assay, solubilization and purification of brain 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. 625 86

Chronic ethanol ingestion induced a 47% increase in the specific activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (nucleoside-2':3'-cyclic-phosphate 2'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.37) in whole mitochondria. Both inner and outer mitochondrial membranes showed increased (cyclic nucleotide)phosphohydrolase activity, but the inner was increased 94% compared to 67% for the outer. Techniques which disrupt membrane structure increased (cyclic nucleotide)phosphohydrolase activity. After these treatments, whole mitochondria from ethanol-treated animals still showed a 50% increase in activity. This increase may be related either to an inherent increase in the resistance of (cyclic nucleotide)phosphohydrolase to protein degradation or turnover, or to ethanol-induced membrane changes. An increase in (cyclic nucleotide)phosphohydrolase reaction medium pH was observed when freshly isolated, highly-coupled mitochondria were used. The total increase in pH was about 2-fold greater in the controls compared to the ethanol-treated mitochondria. It is suggested that the smaller initial increase in pH and the greater activity of (cyclic nucleotide)phosphohydrolase in the mitochondria from the ethanol-treated animals relate to previously observed changes in the lipid and protein composition of the mitochondrial membranes. In addition, (cyclic nucleotide)phosphohydrolase may represent an excellent marker for membrane integrity.
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PMID:Effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on the activity of rat liver mitochondrial 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase. 626 Jan 67

Cultures of glial cell lines (C6) were exposed to 10-micromilligram Dexamethasone which is known to cause morphological differentiation and induction of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) in these cells. Ethanol in a concentration of 1.5% abolished these responses, and at 1% diminished them.
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PMID:Alcohol inhibits morphological and biochemical differentiation of C6 glial cells in culture. 626 73

To study the effect of paternal chronic ethanol consumption on fetal development, an experimental rat model was established and compared to the fetal alcohol syndrome. Male and female Wistar rats were divided into 30% ethanol (E) and control groups. Before mating and during pregnancy the ethanol group and control group received E and water, respectively. Pregnancies were terminated on gestational day 21. The body weight, liver weight, blood glucose, serum insulin and cerebral CNPase activity were decreased in alcoholic males. The adverse effect of maternal chronic ethanol on fetal development was shown clearly and was not related to paternal ethanol. The adverse effect of paternal alcoholism on the fetus was shown in decreased litter size, or decreased body weight, cerebral weight and cerebral DNA, RNA and leucine incorporation into protein without a decrease in the litter size. The former finding was observed in the fetuses of aged male and female rats and latter in the fetuses of young female rats. In conclusion, both observations in our study indicate the adverse effect of paternal alcoholism on the fetal development.
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PMID:Experimental studies on the influence of male alcoholism on fetal development. 703 89

Catalase, the classical peroxisomal marker enzyme, decomposes hydrogen peroxide and is involved in the antioxidant defense mechanisms of mammalian cells. In addition, catalase can oxidize, by means of its peroxidatic activity, a variety of substrates such as methanol and ethanol, producing the corresponding aldehydes. The involvement of brain catalase in the oxidation of ethanol is well established, and severe afflictions of the CNS in hereditary peroxisomal diseases (e.g., Zellweger syndrome) are well known. Whereas the distribution of catalase in the CNS has been investigated by enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry (IHC), very little is known about the exact localization of catalase mRNA in brain. Here we report the application of a tyramine/CARD (catalyzed reporter deposition)-enhanced nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol for detection of catalase mRNA in sections of perfusion-fixed, paraffin-embedded rat brain. Catalase mRNA could be demonstrated in a large number of neurons throughout the rat brain as a distinct cytoplasmic staining signal with excellent morphological resolution. Compared to our standard ISH protocol, the CARD-enhanced protocol for catalase mRNA detection in rat brain showed higher sensitivity and significantly better signal-to-noise ratio. In parallel IHC experiments, using an antigen retrieval method consisting of combined trypsin digestion and microwave treatment of paraffin sections, the catalase antigen was found as distinct cytoplasmic granules in most catalase mRNA-positive neurons. In addition, catalase-positive granules, presumably peroxisomes, were found by confocal laser scanning microscopy in glial cells, which were identified by double labeling immunofluorescence for GFAP and CNPase for astroglial cells and oligodentrocytes, respectively. The excellent preservation of morphology and sensitive detection of both mRNA and protein in our preparations warrant the application of the protocols described here for systematic studies of catalase and other peroxisomal proteins in diverse pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and aging.
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PMID:Expression of catalase mRNA and protein in adult rat brain: detection by nonradioactive in situ hybridization with signal amplification by catalyzed reporter deposition (ISH-CARD) and immunohistochemistry (IHC)/immunofluorescence (IF). 1275 86