Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.4.37 (CNPase)
 539 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neurochemical effects of maternally administered cadmium (50 ppm through drinking water from 0 day of pregnancy) on the whole brain of offsprings exposed during gestation were studied in 7, 14 and 21 days old rats. The developmental pattern of body weight, protein, DNA and RNA contents in brain were not affected in Cd exposed pups of any age group. Brain weights were significantly reduced in exposed pups of postnatal age of 7 and 14 days but were comparable to controls in 21 days old pups. The content of Cd increased significantly in the brain of gestationally exposed pups of 7 days and remained almost stationary throughout the experimental period. The activity of Acetylcholinesterase, Na+, K(+)-ATPase, CNPase, 5'-Nucleotidase in the brain increased significantly from 7 to 21 days of age in control animals. In experimental pups, the activity of most of the enzymes was almost comparable to controls at 7 days of age except succinate dehydrogenase, which was significantly inhibited at 7, 14 and 21 days compared to controls. The activity of other enzymes was also significantly inhibited in the brain of experimental pups compared to controls of 21 days of age indicating marked retardation in the development of these enzymes. However, these changes had no correlation with the accumulation of Cd in the brain. These studies indicate that in utero exposure to Cd may retard the development of certain neurochemicals which may have long term implications on the brain functions.
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PMID:Gestational cadmium exposure and brain development: a biochemical study. 188 99

Myelin was isolated from bovine brain by several published procedures and modifications of these procedures. High activity of the myelin marker (2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase) and low activity of contaminants markers in white matter homogenates in respect to cerebral cortex showed the white matter to be better than the cerebral cortex or the whole brain for myelin isolation. A procedure is described for the preparation of purified myelin from bovine white matter which yielded a content of protein (40%), myelin marker (51%), and 5'-nucleotidase (25%) in purified myelin higher than by any used method. Acetylcholinesterase or succinate dehydrogenase was lower than 7% of its activity in the white matter homogenate, and monoamine oxidase and NADPH:cytochrome c reductase were not recovered in myelin fraction. Morphologically, myelin fraction was shown to mainly consist of multilamellar membranes of different sizes. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of myelin fraction showed a characteristic protein pattern of myelin. When our procedure was applied to frozen white matter, lower protein (32%) and myelin marker (34%) and similar 5'-nucleotidase activity (24%) were recovered in myelin, increasing its recovery in denser fractions of white matter.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of bovine brain myelin distribution of 5'-nucleotidase. 283 88

Methylmercury (MeHg) and triethyllead (Et3Pb) are known to cause neurologic impairment in human and in several animal models. In the developing central nervous system the formation of myelin is particularly vulnerable. To obtain more information on the toxic mechanisms related to dysmyelination, the effects of MeHg and Et3Pb on two marker enzymes of myelination was assessed in developing rats. From the 5th day of life intraperitoneal injections of MeHgCl or Et3PbCl at doses of 0.05 to 5 mg/kg body weight were administered to the rats three times a week. They were decapitated at the 21 to 23rd (group A) or at the 28 to 31st postnatal day (group B). The animals treated with 2 mg/kg MeHg or Et3Pb appeared normal and the rate of growth was unchanged compared with that of control rats. A decreased activity of the enzymes UDP galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGalT) and 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) was apparent already at doses of 0.1 mg/kg in group B rats. (MeHg, 18 and 16%, respectively; Et3Pb, 11 and 14%) and the values decreased further with increased toxic doses. In the MeHg-treated animals the exposure time was decisive for the effect; thus in group A of MeHg-treated animals the change in enzyme activities was minimal at doses which in group B had an inhibitor effect. The activities of brain acetylcholinesterase and succinate dehydrogenase were not affected. The results emphasize a common early effect of MeHg and Et3Pb on enzymes associated with myelination in the developing central nervous system.
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PMID:UDPgalactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase and 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase activities in rat brain after long-term exposure to methylmercury or triethyllead. 298 18

Hypothyroidism was induced in rats by treatment with propylthiouracil through the mother's milk throughout the suckling period followed by surgical thyroidectomy without use of radioiodine. The growth of these animals was considerably retarded and their light-dark discriminative operant learning ability was also significantly decreased. Replacement therapy with thyroxine to maintain its normal serum concentration was effective for continuing normal growth and development of learning ability. Therefore, these hypothyroid rats are a useful model of congenital hypothyroidism. Biochemical studies showed that the inhibition of cerebral Na,K-ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase activities detected in early postnatal life in these hypothyroid rats was transient and that normal activities of these enzymes were later regained in adult rats. However, the activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase and the brain myelin remained low throughout life unless thyroxine was administered. Though a critical correlation between biochemical parameters and learning ability is still uncertain, these results suggest that the formation of myelin in the neonatal period is at least dependent on thyroid hormone and would play an important role in mental development.
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PMID:An appropriate model for congenital hypothyroidism in the rat induced by neonatal treatment with propylthiouracil and surgical thyroidectomy: studies on learning ability and biochemical parameters. 339 29

Fractions enriched in plasma membranes have been obtained from peripheral nerves enriched 89% in quiescent Schwann cells. Fractions were prepared from the intrafascicular tissue of desheathed distal stumps of cat sciatic nerve 8-10 weeks after transection and suture in the upper thigh. Tissue enriched in Schwann cells was minced, homogenized, and centrifuged to remove nuclei and undispersed tissue. Centrifugation of the resulting supernatant produced a pellet that was osmotically shocked, layered over a discontinuous sucrose gradient, and recentrifuged. Fractions enriched in plasma membrane (PM) markers were pooled, osmotically shocked for 16 h, layered over a second discontinuous sucrose density gradient, and recentrifuged. Membrane fractions (0.6 M:0.85 M and 0.85 M:1.0 M interfaces) contained a homogeneous population of unilamellar vesicles free of myelin. The 0.85 M fraction was enriched in 5'-nucleotidase, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase. and specific [3H]ouabain binding, 4.8-, 3.0-, and 5.7-fold over the crude homogenate, respectively. These fractions also demonstrated low enzyme activities for succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase (9, 13, and 15% of control values, respectively). Protein yield of the PM fraction (0.85 M) was approximately 0.6 mg/g of denervated nerve. This preparation should be suitable to characterize the surface properties of Schwann cells free of neuronal regulation.
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PMID:Isolation and partial characterization of plasmalemma from quiescent Schwann cells in denervated cat sciatic nerve. 630 68

Three-month-old male Wistar rats exposed intermittently (5 days weekly, 6 hr/day) to furfuryl alcohol vapor at 1 (25 ppm), 2 (50 ppm), or 4 mumol/liter (100 ppm) for 4 to 16 weeks were lighter than controls at the end of the experiment at the two higher concentration levels. Urinary furoic acid excretion was in a linear relationship to the exposure at the same time. Analysis for cerebellar creatine kinase showed increased activity in all groups throughout the experiment while succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased in a dose-dependent manner at later time points. Glial cell fractions isolated from cerebral hemispheres showed decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity while 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity increased at 4 mumol/liter for 16 weeks. This change was accompanied by decreased basic protein content of isolated myelin fractions. The results indicate that furfuryl alcohol, at fairly low vapor concentrations, may have significant mitochondrial effects in the brain which lead to glial cell degeneration and initiation of demyelination.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity of furfuryl alcohol vapor in prolonged inhalation exposure. 688 1