Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.4.3 (phospholipase C)
 18,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Riboflavin is an activator of defence responses in plants that increases resistance against diseases caused by fungal, oomycete, bacterial and viral pathogens. However, the mechanisms driving defence activation by riboflavin are poorly understood. We investigated the signal transduction pathways of phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells using a pharmacological approach to confirm whether riboflavin-mediated activation of the defence response is dependent on both PLC and PLD. The expression patterns analysed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the tobacco PLC and PLD gene families were differentially expressed in riboflavin-treated tobacco cells. PLC and PLD expression accompanied defence responses including the expression of defence response genes (PAL, PR-1a and PR-1b), the production of hydrogen peroxide and the accumulation of the phytoalexin scopoletin in tobacco cells treated with riboflavin. These defence responses were significantly inhibited in the presence of the PLC inhibitor U73122 and the PLD inhibitor 1-butanol; however, inhibitor analogues had no effect. Moreover, treating tobacco cells with phosphatidic acid, a signalling molecule produced by phospholipase catalysis, induced the accumulation of the phytoalexin scopoletin and compensated for the suppressive effects of U73122 and 1-butanol on riboflavin-induced accumulation of the phytoalexin. These results offer pharmacological evidence that PLC and PLD play a role in riboflavin-induced defences of tobacco.
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PMID:Involvement of phospholipases C and D in the defence responses of riboflavin-treated tobacco cells. 2268 79

Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, an obligate aerial biotrophic fungus, would be one of the most damaging wheat (Triticum aestivum) diseases without the extensive use of conventional fungicides. In our study, the expression levels of some basal defence-related genes were investigated during a compatible interaction in order to evaluate wheat reactions to infection, along with the different stages of the infectious process in planta. As fungal conidia initiated their germination and developed appressorial germ tube (AGT), early defence reactions involved the expression of a lipoxygenase (LOX)- and an oxalate oxidase (OXO)-encoding genes, followed by activations of corresponding LOX (EC 1.13.11.12) and OXO (EC 1.2.3.4) activities, respectively. When penetration of AGT took place, up-regulation of chitinases (CHI) and PR1-encoding genes expression occurred along with an increase of CHI (EC 3.2.1.14) activity. Meanwhile, expression of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-encoding gene also took place. Up-regulation of a phospholipase C- and lipid transfer proteins-encoding genes expression occurred during the latest stages of infection. Neither the phi glutathione S-transferase (GST)-encoding gene expression nor the GST (EC 2.5.1.13) activity was modified upon wheat infection by powdery mildew. Whether these defence reactions during such a compatible interaction are markers of immunity or susceptibility, and whether they have the ability to contribute to protection upon modulation of their timing and their intensity by resistance inducers are discussed.
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PMID:Are ineffective defence reactions potential target for induced resistance during the compatible wheat-powdery mildew interaction? 2621 48