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Query: EC:3.1.4.3 (phospholipase C)
 18,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The phospholipidic signal transduction system involves generation of second messengers by hydrolysis or changes in phosphorylation state. Several studies have shown that the signaling pathway forms part of plant response to phytoregulators such as salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ), which have been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures. An evaluation was made of the effect of SA and MJ on phospholipidic signaling and capsaicinoid production in Capsicum chinense Jacq. suspension cells. Treatment with SA inhibited phospholipase C (PLC) (EC: 3.1.4.3) and phospholipase D (PLD) (EC: 3.1.4.4) activities in vitro, but increased lipid kinase activities in vitro at different SA concentrations. Treatment with MJ produced increases in PLC and PLD activities, while lipid kinase activities were variable and dose-dependent. The production of vanillin, a precursor of capsaicinoids, increased at specific SA or MJ doses. Preincubation with neomycin, a phospholipase inhibitor, before SA or MJ treatment inhibits increase in vanillin production which suggests that phospholipidic second messengers may participate in the observed increase in vanillin production.
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PMID:Phospholipidic signaling and vanillin production in response to salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate in Capsicum chinense J. cells. 2114 36

Plant defense mechanisms respond to diverse environmental factors and play key roles in signaling pathways. The phospholipidic signaling pathway forms part of the plant response to several phytoregulators, such as salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ), which have been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures. ( 1) Furthermore, it has been reported that the levels of such phytoregulators as SA and MJ can increase in response to stressful conditions. ( 2) (,) ( 3) The phospholipidic signal transduction system involves the generation of second messengers by the hydrolysis of phospholipids. In this study, we examined how phospholipidic signaling can be modulated depending on the growth stage of the culture, and we focused on two key lipases having relevant roles in the signaling cascades in plants. An evaluation was made of the effects of SA and MJ on the phospholipase activities in Capsicum chinense Jacq. suspension cells at different phases of the culture cycle. The treatment with SA differentially modified the phospholipase C (PLC) (EC: 3.1.4.3) and phospholipase D (PLD) (EC: 3.1.4.4) activities in a dose-dependent manner that also depended on the day of the culture cycle. In contrast, the treatment with MJ resulted in a biphasic behavior of the PLC and PLD activities. We conclude that the enzymatic activities in the phospholipidic signaling pathways are modified differentially depending on the day of the culture's growth cycle; accordingly, the response capacity to such environmental factors as phytoregulators is variable at different stages of growth and the physiology of the cells.
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PMID:Phospholipase signaling is modified differentially by phytoregulators in Capsicum chinense J. cells. 2289 70

Signal transduction via phospholipids is mediated by phospholipases such as phospholipase C (PLC) and D (PLD), which catalyze hydrolysis of plasma membrane structural phospholipids. Phospholipid signaling is also involved in plant responses to phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The relationships between phospholipid signaling, SA, and secondary metabolism are not fully understood. Using a Capsicum chinense cell suspension as a model, we evaluated whether phospholipid signaling modulates SA-induced vanillin production through the activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. Salicylic acid was found to elicit PAL activity and consequently vanillin production, which was diminished or reversed upon exposure to the phosphoinositide-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) signaling inhibitors neomycin and U73122. Exposure to the phosphatidic acid inhibitor 1-butanol altered PLD activity and prevented SA-induced vanillin production. Our results suggest that PLC and PLD-generated secondary messengers may be modulating SA-induced vanillin production through the activation of key biosynthetic pathway enzymes.
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PMID:Salicylic acid induces vanillin synthesis through the phospholipid signaling pathway in Capsicum chinense cell cultures. 2449 41