Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.4.3 (phospholipase C)
 18,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rat blood platelets were treated with phospholipase C in vitro or phospholipase C was injected i.v. to rats. In both cases its effect on the functions of the platelets in vivo has been studied. No change was found in primary bleeding time or in platelet survival. Treatment with phospholipase C gave a moderate reduction of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in the pulmonary circulation whereas the aggregation induced by thrombin was unchanged. Iv. injection of phospholipase C caused a rapid, very moderate and transient increase of 51Cr-activity in the lungs without concomitant overt respiratory distress. A moderate increase in 51Cr-activity was noted in liver and kidney 24 and 48 h after injection of phospholipase C. This may be caused by a slightly increased leakage of 51Cr-labelled material from the platelets during exposure to phospholipase C.
 ...
PMID:The effect of phospholipase C on rat blood platelets in vivo. 84 96

We present here a combined, quantitative enzymatic procedure for determining amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine and relate these findings to the assessment of fetal lung maturity. Under the assay conditions described phospholipase C specifically hydrolyses phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) but not sphingomyelin, precluding the need for removal of sphingomyelin prior to analysis. Solvent extraction of the phospholipids from the amniotic fluid is, however, employed to avoid spurious elevation of PG and PC results by endogenous glycerol and choline. Of 45 amniocentesis fluids examined, 28 yielded detectable PG concentrations (greater than 0.5 mumol/l) and all but three of these exhibited PC concentrations in excess of 10 mumol/l. One case of respiratory distress occurred in an infant of 29 wk gestation with severe intrauterine growth retardation. Of the remaining 17 fluids in which PG was undetected enzymatically (less than or equal to 0.5 mumol/l), 14 also contained PC concentrations less than or equal to 10 mumol/l and all six cases of true respiratory distress syndrome came from within this sub-group. Strong correlations between the PC concentration and the lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio, r = 0.85 (p less than 0.001) and the PC and PG concentrations, r = 0.96 (p less than 0.001) were also found.
 ...
PMID:Combined enzymatic assay of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid. 337 Aug 19

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was extracted from 54 human amniotic fluids for the assessment of fetal lung maturity. The PG values were derived from an enzymatic assay involving initial conversion of PG to glycerol by phospholipase C and alkaline phosphatase with subsequent analysis of the glycerol formed. This method proved to be reliable when compared with a method for two-dimensional thin layer chromatographic (2D TLC) analysis of amniotic fluid phospholipids. The results revealed that in all but one of 27 amniotic fluids in which no PG was detected by 2D TLC, enzymatic PG concentrations were less than or equal to 1.5 mumol/l and out of these, from 10 newborn infants delivered within 72 h of sampling, 4 developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Conversely, in all but one of 27 amniotic fluids found to contain PG by 2D TLC, enzymatic PG concentrations were greater than 1.5 mumol/l and except for one subject from non-identical twins, no infants developed RDS.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative determination of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid by enzymatic assay. 405 5

The concentration of phospholipids is well suited as indicator for the prognosis of a possibly postnatal respiratory distress syndrome. The method used most frequently up to now has been the determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio) by thin layer chromatography. We have developed a specific assay for the quantitative determination of lecithin in amniotic fluid, which yields absolute concentration values and does not require the determination of a concentration ratio. Lecithin is hydrolized by phospholipase C and alkaline phosphatase. Choline is determined afterwards by a highly specific choline kinase from yeast. The total time required is less than 2 h. The usual lecithin concentration present in the 35th to 38th wk of gestation can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 2-3% (n=30). Fetal lung maturity can be expected at a lecithin concentration above 4.7-5.1 mg/100 ml. The method compares well with the L/S ratio. Detailed data about clinical significance will be presented. Good precision accuracy and simple handling make enzymatic lecithin determinations suitable for routine use.
 ...
PMID:A new method of evaluating fetal lung maturity: the enzymatic lecithin determination in amniotic fluid. 711 59

A new test-combination for the enzymatic determination of lecithin in amniotic fluid for the assessment of fetal lung maturity has been developed by Boehringer Mannheim. This test was evaluated by 12 hospitals and has been compared with the L/S ratio, the foam-test or the densitometric determination of lecithin. The assay is based on the hydrolysis of lecithin by phospholipase C which starts an enzymatic chain reaction in which NADH consumption if measured photometrically. The intra- and interassay precision were characterized by CV values below 10%. Average recoveries of lecithin were 95-102%. It is recommended to centrifuge the samples (10 min, 700 g) and to start the analysis as soon as possible after receipt of the specimen. The total amount of time required is 2 hours for a single determination. Batches of up to 10 samples require little extra time. An opened test-combination can be used for a maximum of 30 single determinations. Comparison of the quantitative enzymatic lecithin determination with other methods showed that the critical value for lecithin is 5.0 mg/100 ml. Above 5.1 mg/100 ml no case respiratory distress syndrome was observed. The good precision accuracy and the simple handling make the enzymatic lecithin determination suitable for routine use.
 ...
PMID:[Enzymatic lecithin determination in amniotic fluid for antepartal diagnosis of lung maturity - a multi-center study (author's transl)]. 720 Jun 86

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to play an integral role in the pathogenesis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. This disorder is characterized by a deficiency of alveolar surfactant, a surface-active material that is composed of key hydrophobic proteins and the major lipid disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC). We investigated how TNF-alpha might alter DSPC content in rat lungs by instilling the cytokine (2.5 microg) intratracheally for 10 min and then assaying parameters of DSPC synthesis and degradation in alveolar type II epithelial cells, which produce surfactant. Cells isolated from rats given TNF-alpha had 26% lower levels of phosphatidylcholine compared with control. TNF-alpha treatment also decreased the ability of these cells to incorporate [(3)H]choline into DSPC by 45% compared with control isolates. There were no significant differences in the levels of choline substrate or choline transport between the groups. However, TNF-alpha produced a 64% decrease in the activity of cytidylyltransferase, the rate-regulatory enzyme required for DSPC synthesis. TNF-alpha administration in vivo also tended to stimulate phospholipase A(2) activity, but it did not alter other parameters for DSPC degradation such as activities for phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C or phospholipase D. These observations indicate that TNF-alpha decreases the levels of surfactant lipid by decreasing the activity of a key enzyme involved in surfactant lipid synthesis. The results do not exclude stimulatory effects of the cytokine on phosphatidylcholine breakdown.
 ...
PMID:Effects of intratracheal instillation of TNF-alpha on surfactant metabolism. 1064 56

We experience a case of a 83-year-old male who was admitted complaining of chills, cramp, high fever and respiratory distress. His blood revealed marked hemolysis. Gram positive Rods was observed in the hemoliesed blood taken on admission. About 2 hours after admission, he suddenly fell into a critical condition. He died about 6 hours after admission in spite of resuscitation. Clostridium perfringens was detected from the blood and liver obtained by autopsy. We suspected that he died of acute intravascular hemolysis caused by alpha-toxin produced by C. perfringens. In conclusion, for a patient who has a high fever with strong hemolysis such as our case, C. perfringens infection should be considered.
 ...
PMID:[A case of invasive Clostridium perfringens infection complicated intravascular hemolysis]. 1221 23

Lung surfactant (LS) is a lipid-rich material lining the inside of the lungs. It reduces surface tension at the liquid/air interface and thus, it confers protection of the alveoli from collapsing. The surface-active component of LS is dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, while anionic phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and primarily phosphatidylglycerol are involved in the stabilization of the LS monolayer. The exact role of PtdIns in this system is not well-understood; however, PtdIns levels change dramatically during the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) evolution. In this report we present evidence of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, which may regulate PtdIns levels. Characterization of this extracellular activity showed specificity for PtdIns and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, sharing the typical substrate concentration-, pH-, and calcium-dependencies with mammalian PI-PLCs. Fractionation of BAL fluid showed that PI-PLC did not co-fractionate with large surfactant aggregates, but it was found mainly in the soluble fraction. Importantly, analysis of BAL samples from control subjects and from patients with ARDS showed that the PI-PLC specific activity was decreased by 4-fold in ARDS samples concurrently with the increase in BAL PtdIns levels. Thus, we have identified for the first time an extracellular PI-PLC enzyme activity that may be acutely involved in the regulation of PtdIns levels in LS.
 ...
PMID:A specific phospholipase C activity regulates phosphatidylinositol levels in lung surfactant of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 1949 39

Staphylococcus aureus is frequently isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is associated with staphylococcal phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC); however, the role of PI-PLC in the pathogenesis and progression of ARDS remains unknown. Here, we showed that recombinant staphylococcal PI-PLC possesses enzyme activity that causes shedding of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored CD55 and CD59 from human umbilical vein endothelial cell surfaces and triggers cell lysis via complement activity. Intranasal infection with PI-PLC-positive S. aureus resulted in greater neutrophil infiltration and increased pulmonary oedema compared with a plc-isogenic mutant. Although indistinguishable proinflammatory genes were induced, the wild-type strain activated higher levels of C5a in lung tissue accompanied by elevated albumin instillation and increased lactate dehydrogenase release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with the plc- mutant. Following treatment with cobra venom factor to deplete complement, the wild-type strain with PI-PLC showed a reduced ability to trigger pulmonary permeability and tissue damage. PI-PLC-positive S. aureus induced the formation of membrane attack complex, mainly on type II pneumocytes, and reduced the level of CD55/CD59, indicating the importance of complement regulation in pulmonary injury. In conclusion, S. aureus PI-PLC sensitised tissue to complement activation leading to more severe tissue damage, increased pulmonary oedema, and ARDS progression.
 ...
PMID:Staphylococcal phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C potentiates lung injury via complement sensitisation. 3129 Feb 10