Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.4.3 (phospholipase C)
 18,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have previously shown that arginine vasopressin (AVP) possesses specific binding sites on rat adrenal glomerulosa cells and stimulates phosphoinositide breakdown and accumulation of inositol phosphates (IP) and diacylglycerol. Kinetic experiments also revealed that the production of IP declines rapidly under hormonal stimulation, even in the presence of Ca2+ in the external medium. In the present investigation, we studied the effects of a protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol ester (PDBu) on AVP-sensitive accumulation of IP. Experiments were conducted on glomerulosa cells cultured for 3 days. Results show that short term preincubation (5-10 min) with PDBu inhibits AVP-stimulated IP accumulation by 50% (ED50 = 2.6 +/- 0.9 nM). PKC most likely acts on the coupling between AVP receptor and the G-protein since PDBu reduces AVP-sensitive phospholipase C but does not alter either NaF-sensitive phospholipase C, AVP binding, or inositol lipid pools. However, after a 1- or 2-h preincubation with AVP or PDBu, a decrease in both IP accumulation and AVP binding capacity is observed. With regard to aldosterone secretion, PDBu alone stimulates hormone output, but when added simultaneously with AVP, it inhibits AVP-stimulated aldosterone secretion by 70%. If cells are allowed a resting period of 14 h after AVP or PDBu treatment, the AVP response (IP accumulation, AVP binding, and aldosterone output) is recovered and even enhanced. All these effects are specific since the inactive phorbol ester 4 alpha PDD is inactive, and staurosporine (a PKC inhibitor) reverses the PDBu effect. AVP stimulates transiently the translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the membrane, suggesting that the effect observed with PDBu reflects the effect of endogenous PKC stimulated by AVP. These results outline the complexities involved during hormonal stimulation and, at the same time, homologous desensitization phenomena. On one hand, acute treatment with PDBu--which induces PKC activation--is able to stimulate aldosterone secretion but at the same time initiate desensitization, since phorbol ester uncouples the AVP receptor from the coupling G protein. This suggests that PKC may participate in the first step of homologous desensitization. On the other hand, a 2-h incubation with PDBu induces a loss of AVP binding sites. This may represent the second step of homologous desensitization. Finally, a long term treatment with PDBu completely inactivates PKC, hence enabling AVP to further stimulate aldosterone secretion.
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PMID:Involvement of protein kinase C in the coupling between the V1 vasopressin receptor and phospholipase C in rat glomerulosa cells: effects on aldosterone secretion. 183 Feb 69

Stimulation of cultured rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with serotonin (5HT) induced a rapid generation of inositol phosphates from receptor-mediated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids. Pretreatment of these cells with 500ng/ml of pertussis toxin for 24h prior to addition of 5HT reduced 5HT-induced formation of inositol phosphates. Phorbol esters, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), are known to activate protein kinase C (PKC), but their role on cultured VSMC stimulated by 5HT has not been defined. TPA exhibited a rapid inhibition of 5HT-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown, although 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha PDD), an inactive phorbol ester, did not inhibit it. These data suggest that a guanine nucleotide inhibitory (Gi) protein couples 5HT receptor to phospholipase C and TPA modulates 5HT-stimulated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids in cultured VSMC through activation of PKC.
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PMID:Phorbol ester modulates serotonin-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. 283 14

GH secretory patterns undergo marked change during early mammalian development. The factors that underlie these changes and the major components of signal transduction in the immature somatotrophs are not fully understood. Increasing evidence suggests that protein kinase C (PKC) plays a central role in perinatal organ differentiation and function. To evaluate the possible role of PKC as a mediator of GH secretion from immature pituitaries, we tested the effects of the PKC activating phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), alone or together with GH-releasing factor (GRF), somatostatin (SRIF), and Ca2+ modifying agents; an inactive phorbol analogue (4 alpha-12-13-didecanoate; 4 alpha-PDD), and phospholipase C on GH release from pituitary cell cultures from perinatal and mature rats. Pituitary primary cell cultures were prepared from fetal (day 20 of 21.5 days of gestation), 2-day-old, 12-day-old, and adult male (2- to 4-month-old) rats. Each experiment was performed on at least three separate occasions. The magnitude of TPA (0.15-150 nM)-induced GH release was markedly age-dependent, fractional GH release being greatest from pituitaries of fetal and newborn rats, and least from those of adults (P < 0.001). Further, the minimum dose of TPA required to stimulate GH release over basal levels was tenfold higher for adult pituitaries (15 nM) than for perinatal pituitaries (1.5 nM). Phospholipase C (1 and 10 U/ml) also caused greater fractional GH release from neonatal pituitaries than from adult pituitaries (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ontogeny of the GH response to phorbol ester and phospholipase C in rat pituitary cells. 761 64

The clinical efficacy of dopamine (DA) replacement therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) depends on the preservation of postsynaptic DA receptors and their intracellular signalling mechanisms in the striatum long after degeneration of the nigrostriatal DA pathway. DA activates adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phospholipase C (PLC) via the D1 receptor, and inhibits through the D2 receptor, thereby regulating the production of intracellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and Ca2+. Recent advances in molecular biology have made it possible to monitor the intracellular signal transduction cascade following receptor activation by various transmitters. The authors review the literature addressing this issue, summarized as follows: (1) striatal D1 and D2 receptor densities remain constant, at least in treated and non-demented patients; (2) DA-sensitive AC activity appears to be increased in the putamen of treated patients, although this remains to be confirmed; (3) levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are normal in non-demented patients, consistent with unchanged levels of DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 32,000); (4) levels of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) and of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor also remain unchanged in non-demented patients; (5) the above three second messenger sites as well as densities of D1 and D2 receptors are decreased in the striatum of demented PD patients (PDD). We tentatively conclude that postreceptor signalling function is intact in the striatum of non-demented PD patients and that there is a clear difference between non-demented patients and PDD, i.e. striatal dopaminoceptive neurons are affected in PDD.
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PMID:Transmembrane signalling systems in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease. 795 88