Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.4.3 (phospholipase C)
 18,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kinins are small peptides that have diverse biological actions. Concentrations of kinins in the nanomolar or subnanomolar range induce intestinal smooth muscle contraction and evoke mucosal electrolyte secretion. Hyperkininemia is associated with effects on gastrointestinal motility and intestinal mucosal inflammation. Bradykinin and kallidin are the predominant kinins with effects on the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. Bradykinin stimulates chloride ion secretion by the guinea pig and rabbit ileum, rabbit colon, rat colon and monolayers of human HCA-7 cells. Kinins directly or indirectly stimulate phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C. Cells in the lamina propria of the mucosa (e.g., fibroblasts, mast cells, leukocytes), by liberating cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, are involved in the kinin response; direct effects on epithelial cells cannot be ruled out, however. Antagonists now exist for kinin receptors. Based on studies with these antagonists in smooth muscle preparations, two subgroups of kinin receptor have been identified. The B2-type receptor appears to be responsible for both the contraction of ileal muscle and ileal secretion. Kinins are probably more important as pathophysiological rather than as physiological mediators. They may amplify the effect of inflammatory products that induce intestinal secretion. The precise involvement of kinins in clinical mucosal secretory states and diarrhea will require quantitative assessment of their levels during each phase of mucosal inflammation. Additional studies on the mechanism of action of kinins will be essential in designing therapy to mitigate the symptoms associated with mucosal inflammation.
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PMID:Kinins as mediators of intestinal secretion. 253 34

A phospholipase C (PLC) activity that preferentially hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol and phosphorylcholine was found to be present in Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain W and most of its activity was recovered in the membrane fraction. This enzyme was extracted with 1% Triton X-100 from the membrane fraction and purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential chromatographies on Fast Q-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite HCA-100S, Mono Q and Superose 12 gel filtration columns. The purified enzyme had specific activity of 2083 nmol of diacylglycerol released/mg of protein/min for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. Its apparent molecular mass was 128 kDa as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was 127 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, indicating that the enzyme is present in a monomeric form. The enzyme exhibited an optimum pH 7.0 and the apparent Km value was determined to be 166 microM for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. A marked increase was observed in phosphatidylcholine hydrolytic activity in the presence of 0.05% (1.2 mM) deoxycholate. Ca2+ but not Mg2+ enhanced the activity at a concentration of 2 mM. This purified phospholipase C exhibited a preferential hydrolytic activity for phosphatidylcholine but much less activity was observed for phosphatidylinositol (approximately 9%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (approximately 2%).
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PMID:Purification and characterization of phospholipase C preferentially hydrolysing phosphatidylcholine in Tetrahymena membranes. 829 95