Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.4.1 (phosphodiesterase)
 18,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

[3H]Spiperone binding sites and the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase were measured in rat substantia nigra (s. nigra) 7 or 14 days after various lesions. Hemisections, which resulted in a 66% decline in tyrosine hydroxylase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and a 73% decrease in glutamate decarboxylase, led to a 50% decrease in [3H]spiperone binding and to the almost complete disappearance of the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from the s. nigra on the lesioned side. 6-Hydroxydopamine injection into the s. nigra, which depleted tyrosine hydroxylase activity within the s. nigra by 85%, while leaving phosphodiesterase unaffected, resulted in a 40% decrease in [3H]spiperone binding but no change in the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Intrastriatal injections of kainic acid did not alter tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the s. nigra, but decreased both glutamate decarboxylase (54%) and phosphodiesterase (68%); [3H]spiperone binding was unaffected by this lesion while the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase was greatly reduced (50-75%). These results suggest that within the s. nigra the dopamine receptor binding sites as defined using [3H]spiperone are located on dopamine neurones while the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase is located presynaptically on striatonigral nerve terminals.
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PMID:Dissociation between the presynaptic dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase and [3H]spiperone binding sites in rat substantia nigra. 3 4

We examined the effects of cyclic AMP (cAMP) on the growth and differentiation of RAO 188 cells, a cultured cell line derived from a retinoblastoma-like tumor induced in an inbred rat by intravitreous inoculation with human adenovirus serotype 12. After adding cAMP analogs (dibutyryl cAMP and 8-bromo cAMP) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, amino-phylline, and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine) to the RAO 188 cell culture medium, we measured changes in cell incorporation of the DNA and RNA precursors 14C-thymidine and 3H-uridine, and we observed the morphologic alterations of RAO 188 by phase-contrast and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Incorporation of the labeled precursors decreased with increased concentrations of cAMP analogs and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Incorporation of the labeled precursors was inhibited shortly after the addition of dibutyryl cAMP to the culture medium. The effect was maximal at 8 hr and was sustained for up to 48 hr. Reversibility of cAMP effects on incorporation gradually decreased for 10 days; at 10 days these effects were essentially irreversible. Neuritelike processes developed shortly after cAMP analog treatment and formed a network after 24 hr. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed changes in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of cells treated with 8-bromo cAMP and theophylline: perturbation of the cell membrane and the appearance of intercellular junctional devices and microfilaments. The activity of glutamate decarboxylase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid, was increased in treated cells. These results show that cAMP decreases DNA and RNA synthesis and cell proliferation and facilitates morphologic and biochemical differentiation of RAO 188 cells.
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PMID:Effects of cyclic AMP on growth and differentiation of rat retinoblastoma-like tumor cells in vitro. 617 45

The unique structures of process-bearing cells in the central nervous system (CNS) present an ideal model with which to study the differential distribution of mRNA. We conducted a side-by-side examination of the intracellular distribution of nine neural mRNAs by in situ hybridization histochemistry in mammalian brain and observed four general types of mRNA distributions. (1) Some mRNA species were confined to cell somas and included those encoding the glial proteins, myelin proteolipid protein and 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase and the neuronal enzymes, neuron-specific enolase and glutamate decarboxylase-67. (2) Some mRNAs were found abundantly within the cell soma and were also located throughout cellular processes. These included myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA, which was localized to the cell soma and myelin sheaths of oligodendrocytes, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA, which was localized to the cell soma and processes of reactive and some non-reactive astrocytes in the adult brain and radial glia in embryonic brain. (3) Some mRNAs were found primarily in perinuclear cytoplasm but in some cells were also observed in cell processes. These included mRNAs encoding the protein kinase C/calmodulin-binding substrates, RC3 (neurogranin) and GAP-43, which were identified in the somas as well as within the proximal dendritic branches of specific forebrain neurons. (4) Some mRNAs were localized primarily within cell processes. These included MAP2 mRNA, which was identified by deep staining within dendritic fields but by only light staining within neuronal cell bodies. The data also indicated that the stage of cellular development and the regional location of a cell within the CNS had a profound influence on translocation events. MAP2 mRNA was found in the dendritic processes of most neurons but was confined to the soma of neurons in specific brainstem nuclei. MBP mRNA was confined to the perinuclear cytoplasm of immature oligodendrocytes and was then transported into the myelin sheath at a developmental stage corresponding to myelination. The distribution patterns of these mRNAs are likely to reflect the mechanism by which the protein products of these molecules are targeted within neurons and glia. In addition, mRNA movement may be influenced by cellular and regional factors not encoded solely within the structure of the translocated mRNA.
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PMID:Cellular influences on RNA sorting in neurons and glia: an in situ hybridization histochemical study. 787 39