Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.4.1 (phosphodiesterase)
 18,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data ascertained in a study of club drug use among 450 gay and bisexual men indicate that at least one class of PDE-5 (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, sildenafil [Viagra]) is used frequently in combination with club drugs such as methamphetamine, MDMA (3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine [ecstasy]), ketamine, cocaine, and GHB (gamma hydroxy butyrate). Patterns of sildenafil use in combination with each of the club drugs differ among key demographics including race and age. Multivariate models, controlling for demographic factors, suggest that contextual factors are key to understanding why men mix sildenafil with club drugs, although age may still be an important issue to consider. Of particular importance is the fact that use of club drugs in combination with sildenafil is strongly associated with circuit and sex parties, where a centerpiece of these environments focuses on sexual exchange. These models imply interplay between person-level and contextual factors in explaining drug use patterns and further indicate that interventions aimed at addressing illicit substance use must carefully consider the role of environmental factors in explaining behavior.
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PMID:Sildenafil (Viagra) and club drug use in gay and bisexual men: the role of drug combinations and context. 1948 90

This study examined relationships between use of the phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (erectile dysfunction medications) sildenafil (Viagra), Pfizer, New York, NY), tadalafil (Cialis), Eli Lily, Indianapolis, IN), and/or vardenafil (Levitra), Bayer, Berlin, Germany), substance use, perceptions of risk, and sexual behavior in men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM (N = 342) attending a gay pride festival completed a brief survey assessing sexual behavior, risk perceptions, and substance use, including the use and the source of PDE-5 inhibitors. More than a quarter of the sample (26.3%, n = 89) reported having ever used a PDE-5 inhibitor. Those reporting use of PDE-5 inhibitors had higher rates of sexual risk behaviors and differed in their assessment of the risk of HIV transmission for unprotected anal sex. Users who received PDE-5 inhibitors from their doctors did not report sexual behaviors that differed significantly from those who received PDE-5 inhibitors from nonphysician sources. In a sequential logistic regression analysis, recent PDE-5 inhibitor use was associated with unprotected anal sex after accounting for the influence of age, education, ethnic identity, and substance use. Many MSM users of erectile dysfunction drugs report behaviors that may place their and others' health at risk. Interventions to reduce risk among MSM PDE-5 inhibitor users should be explored.
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PMID:Sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men using erectile dysfunction medications. 1990 71

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It is common, affecting at least 12 million U.S. men. The five-question International Index of Erectile Function allows rapid clinical assessment of ED. The condition can be caused by vascular, neurologic, psychological, and hormonal factors. Common conditions related to ED include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, testosterone deficiency, and prostate cancer treatment. Performance anxiety and relationship issues are common psychological causes. Medications and substance use can cause or exacerbate ED; antidepressants and tobacco use are the most common. ED is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in men with metabolic syndrome. Tobacco cessation, regular exercise, weight loss, and improved control of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are recommended initial lifestyle interventions. Oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are the firstline treatments for ED. Second-line treatments include alprostadil and vacuum devices. Surgically implanted penile prostheses are an option when other treatments have been ineffective. Counseling is recommended for men with psychogenic ED.
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PMID:Erectile Dysfunction. 2792 75