Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.31.1 (micrococcal nuclease)
 2,818 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The survival of Staphylococcus aureus was studied in 30 oral administration liquid medicaments (15 syrups and 15 solutions) to determine the effectiveness of the preservatives, the influence of the culture medium used in the enumeration of the surviving microorganisms, and the loss of the enzyme coagulase, phosphatase, DNase (deoxyribonuclease), and thermonuclease. Samples were inoculated with 6.3-6.5 x 10(5) viable cells per milliliter and were stored at room temperature for 60 days. Aliquots were taken for analysis at 0, 15, 22, 30, and 60 days after samples were inoculated. The enumeration of S. aureus was made by most probable number method (MPN) with six liquid culture media: triptone soy (TS), TS with 10% NaCl (TSS), TS and TSS with 0.2% catalase, Mannitol salt, and Tellurite-mannitol-glycine. The survival of S. aureus was lower in solutions than in syrups, decreased with the storage time, and depended on the culture medium utilized in the enumeration. Nonselective media were more sensitive than selective ones; that is, a better percentage of recovery was achieved with TS and the catalase medium. The preservative was effective in 93.3% of the samples. Coagulase was the most stable enzyme and phosphatase, DNase, and thermonuclease disappeared during the storage period.
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PMID:Survival of Staphylococcus aureus in oral administration liquid medicaments and influence of count medium on survival. 844 30

Epigenetic modifications play a key role in the transcriptional regulation of stress-induced gene expression in plants. In this study, we showed that the overall acetylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and H4 lysine 5 (H4K5) in the genome were increased in maize seedlings after mannitol treatment (to mimic osmotic stress). Mannitol treatment significantly induced the upregulation of the maize osmotic stress responsive gene Zea mays dehydration-responsive element binding protein 2A (ZmDREB2A), whereas abscisic acid (ABA) did not result in the induction of this gene. The application of exogenous ABA under osmotic stress conditions strongly repressed the induction of the ZmDREB2A gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin accessibility by real-time PCR experiments revealed that the promoter region of the ZmDREB2A gene was quickly hyperacetylated and decondensed after the mannitol treatment, suggesting that the promoter region is poised for histone acetylation to allow for fast induction of the ZmDREB2A gene. However, under osmotic stress conditions, the ABA treatment decreased the acetylation status and chromatin accessibility to micrococcal nuclease. These results suggest that osmotic stress activates the transcription of the ZmDREB2A gene by increasing the levels of acetylated histones H3K9 and H4K5 associated with the ZmDREB2A promoter region.
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PMID:Promoter-associated histone acetylation is involved in the osmotic stress-induced transcriptional regulation of the maize ZmDREB2A gene. 2429 95