Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The PCR was used to alter transcriptional and translational signals surrounding the Flavobacterium okeanokoites restriction endonuclease (fokIR) gene, so as to achieve high expression in Escherichia coli. By changing the ribosome-binding site sequence preceding the fokIR gene to match the consensus E. coli signal and by placing a positive retroregulator stem-loop sequence downstream of the gene, Fok I yield was increased to 5-8% of total cellular protein. Fok I was purified to homogeneity with phosphocellulose, DEAE-Sephadex, and gel chromatography, yielding 50 mg of pure Fok I endonuclease per liter of culture medium. The recognition and cleavage domains of Fok I were analyzed by trypsin digestion. Fok I in the absence of a DNA substrate cleaves into a 58-kDa carboxyl-terminal and 8-kDa amino-terminal fragment. The 58-kDa fragment does not bind the DNA substrate. Fok I in the presence of a DNA substrate cleaves into a 41-kDa amino-terminal fragment and a 25-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment. On further digestion, the 41-kDa fragment degrades into 30-kDa amino-terminal and 11-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragments. The cleaved fragments both bind DNA substrates, as does the 41-kDa fragment. Gel-mobility-shift assays indicate that all the protein contacts necessary for the sequence-specific recognition of DNA substrates are encoded within the 41-kDa fragment. Thus, the 41-kDa amino-terminal fragment constitutes the Fok I recognition domain. The 25-kDa fragment, purified by using a DEAE-Sephadex column, cleaves nonspecifically both methylated (pACYCfokIM) and nonmethylated (pTZ19R) DNA substrates in the presence of MgCl2. Thus, the 25-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment constitutes the Fok I cleavage domain.
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PMID:Functional domains in Fok I restriction endonuclease. 158 61

In the absence of magnesium ions, the EcoRV restriction endonuclease binds all DNA sequences with equal affinity but cannot cleave DNA. In the presence of Mg2+, the EcoRV endonuclease cleaves DNA at one particular sequence, GATATC, at least a million times more readily than any other sequence. To elucidate the role of the metal ion, the reactions of the EcoRV restriction enzyme were studied in the presence of MnCl2 instead of MgCl2. The reaction at the EcoRV recognition site was slower with Mn2+. This was caused partly by reduced rates for phosphodiester hydrolysis but also by the translocation of the enzyme along the DNA after cleaving it in one strand. In contrast, alternative sites that differ from the recognition site by one base pair were cleaved faster in the presence of Mn2+ relative to Mg2+. When located at an alternative site on the DNA, the EcoRV enzyme bound Mn2+ ions readily but had a very low affinity for Mg2+. The EcoRV nuclease is thus restrained from cleaving DNA at alternate sites in the presence of Mg2+, but the restraint fails to operate with Mn2+. A discrimination factor, which measures the ratio of the activity of the EcoRV nuclease at its recognition site over that at an alternative site, had values of 3 x 10(5) in MgCl2 and 6 in MnCl2.
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PMID:EcoRV restriction endonuclease: communication between catalytic metal ions and DNA recognition. 162 51

In the presence of MgCl2, the EcoRV restriction endonuclease cleaves its recognition sequence on DNA at least a million times more readily than any other sequence. In this study, the binding of the EcoRV restriction enzyme to DNA was examined in the absence of Mg2+. With each DNA fragment tested, several DNA-protein complexes were detected by electrophoresis through polyacrylamide. No differences were observed between isogenic DNA molecules that either contained or lacked the EcoRV recognition site. The number of complexes with each fragment varied with the length of the DNA. Three complexes were formed with a DNA molecule of 55 base pairs, corresponding to the DNA bound to 1, 2, or 3 molecules of the protein, while greater than 15 complexes were formed with a DNA of 381 base pairs. A new method was developed to analyze the binding of a protein to multiple sites on DNA. The method showed that the EcoRV enzyme binds to all DNA sequences, including the EcoRV recognition site, with the same equilibrium constant, though two molecules of the protein bind preferentially to adjacent sites on the DNA in a cooperative fashion. All of the complexes with a substrate that contained the EcoRV site dissociated upon addition of competitor DNA, but when the competitor was mixed with MgCl2, a fraction of the substrate was cleaved at the EcoRV site. The fraction cleaved was due mainly to the translocation of the enzyme from nonspecific sites on the DNA to the specific site.
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PMID:EcoRV restriction endonuclease binds all DNA sequences with equal affinity. 190 72

A new restriction endonuclease (ENase), PshAI, has been isolated from Plesiomonas shigelloides 319-73, an organism that causes food poisoning in humans. The enzyme was stable and produced a yield of 410 units/g of cells. In the presence of 10 mM MgCl2, PshAI recognizes and cleaves the nucleotide sequence 5'-GACNN/NNGTC, producing blunt ends. PshAI will be useful for structural analysis and molecular cloning of DNA, because no ENases recognizing sequence GACNNNNGTC have been previously described.
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PMID:Restriction endonuclease PshAI from Plesiomonas shigelloides with the novel recognition site 5'-GACNN/NNGTC. 213 20

The site-specific endonuclease reaction catalyzed by the ribozyme from the Tetrahymena pre-rRNA intervening sequence has been characterized with a substrate that forms a "matched" duplex with the 5' exon binding site of the ribozyme [G2CCCUCUA5 + G in equilibrium with G2CCCUCU + GA5 (G = guanosine); Herschlag, D., & Cech, T.R. (1990) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. The rate-limiting step with saturating substrate is dissociation of the product G2CCCUCU. Here we show that the reaction of the substrate G2CCCGCUA5, which forms a "mismatched" duplex with the 5' exon binding site at position -3 from the cleavage site, has a value of kcat that is approximately 10(2)-fold greater than kcat for the matched substrate (50 degrees C, 10 mM MgCl2, pH 7). This is explained by the faster dissociation of the mismatched product, G2CCCGCU, than the matched product. With subsaturating oligonucleotide substrate and saturating G, the binding of the oligonucleotide substrate and the chemical step are each partially rate-limiting. The rate constant for the chemical step of the endonuclease reaction and the rate constant for the site-specific hydrolysis reaction, in which solvent replaces G, are each within approximately 2-fold with the matched and mismatched substrates, despite the approximately 10(3)-fold weaker binding of the mismatched substrate. This can be described as "uniform binding" of the base at position -3 in the ground state and transition state [Albery, W.J., & Knowles, J. R. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 5631-5640]. Thus, the matched substrate does not use its extra binding energy to preferentially stabilize the transition state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Catalysis of RNA cleavage by the Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme. 2. Kinetic description of the reaction of an RNA substrate that forms a mismatch at the active site. 227 46

The DNA endonuclease (Aendo) and DNA topoisomerase (Atopo) activities in liver nucleus extracts of normal rats, in DENA-induced hepatomas and in liver tissues around tumours were investigated. The profile of nuclear endonucleases measured in the presence of 2 mM CaCl2 + 5 mM MgCl2, or 5 mM MnCl2, or 5 mM MgCl2, or 2 mM CaCl2 (pH 7.4), or I mM EDTA (pH 5.0) was different in normal and tumour tissues. Mn2+-dependent endonuclease was the main endonuclease in the tumour tissue, whereas Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease was the main one in the normal liver and in the tissue around the tumour. An increase in the Mn2+-dependent endonuclease activity correlated with a decrease in the hepatoma differentiation level. Atopo of types I and II increased in the tissue around the tumour. Aendo and Atopo of cellular nuclei decreased in animals given DENA without the liver tumour.
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PMID:[The activity of nuclear endonucleases and topoisomerases in the liver of rats and in diethylnitrosamine-induced tumors]. 254 92

An endonuclease endogenous to rat-liver nuclei has been purified by a series of chromatographic procedures and finally by isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis. The nuclease fraction prepared by the IEF electrophoresis (IEF fraction) showed a pI value of 5.7 and migrated as a single band to a molecular weight position of 46,000 on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The activity for single-stranded DNA was enhanced by 10 mM MgCl2 and/or by 5-15 mM MgCl2 in the presence of 2 mM CaCl2 (an optimum pH, 7.0), but was lowered by CaCl2 alone and inhibited strongly by ZnCl2 or MnCl2. The activity for duplex DNA was rather low, although an optimum condition was 10 mM MgCl2. In fact, even under this condition, the activity was about 40% lower than that for single-stranded DNA. Moreover, the IEF fraction formed single-strand nicks much more rapidly than double-strand cuts in pBR322 DNA, and preferentially produced deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate termini in the DNA. In addition, RNAase activity was also detected in this fraction.
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PMID:Purification and properties of an endonuclease endogenous to rat-liver nuclei. 254 36

We have purified a cruciform DNA resolving endonuclease (Endo X3) greater than 1000-fold from crude extracts of mitotically growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme shows high specificity for DNAs with secondary structures and introduces characteristic patterns of staggered 'nicks' in the immediate vicinity of the structure. The following substrates were analyzed in detail: (i) naturally occurring four-way X junctions in cruciform DNA of a supercoiled plasmid; (ii) synthetic four-way X junctions with arms of 9 bp; (iii) synthetic three-way Y junctions with arms of 10 bp; and (iv) heteroduplex loops with 19 nucleotides in the loop. Cleavages were always found in the double stranded portion of the DNA, located immediately adjacent to the junction of the respective structure. The Endo X3 induced cleavage patterns are identical or very similar to the cleavage patterns induced in the same substrates by endonuclease VII (Endo VII) from phage T4. Furthermore, the activity of Endo X3 is completely inhibited in the presence of anti-Endo VII antiserum. Endo X3 has an apparent mol. wt of 43,000 daltons, determined by gel filtration and of approximately 18,000 daltons in SDS--polyacrylamide gels. Maximum activity of the enzyme was obtained in the presence of 10 mM MgCl2 at 31 degrees C in Tris-HCl buffer over a broad pH range with a maximum approximately 8.0. About 70% of maximal activity was obtained when Mg2+ was replaced by equimolar amounts of Mn2+ or Ca2+.
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PMID:Cruciform cutting endonucleases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phage T4 show conserved reactions with branched DNAs. 255 68

The restriction endonuclease PvuII which cleaves the sequence CAGCTG, at the position indicated by the arrow, was found to decrease its substrate specificity in the presence of organic solvents. Thirty-three sites, that we have named PvuII sites, were identified on the nucleotide sequence of pBR322 DNA. The new recognition sequences cleaved in pBR322 DNA, at the positions indicated by the arrows, were shown to be AAGCTG, GAGCTG, CNGCTG, CANCTG, CAGNTG, CAGCNG, CAGCTC and CAGCTT. (TAGCTG and the complementary sequence CAGCTA are not present in pBR322 DNA). From these recognition sequences, we deduced that PvuII activity recognizes and cleaves degenerate sequences which differ from the standard PvuII sequence CAGCTG at only one of the recognition site. Any substitution can occur at any one of the six positions in the hexanucleotide sequence. The optimum incubation medium for PvuII activity was found to be: 10-50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 12-15 mM MgCl2, 50 mM NaCl, 10% ethanol + 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
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PMID:Alteration of the specificity of PvuII restriction endonuclease. 282 16

The restriction endonuclease Alu I induces chromosome-type aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells whose frequencies are considerably elevated in the presence of high concentrations of MgCl2, (NH4)2SO4, CaCl2 or NaCl. The most plausible explanation for these findings is that salt leads to partial dehistonization of the chromatin which makes more recognition sites available for Alu I.
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PMID:Potentiation of Alu I-induced chromosome aberrations by high salt concentrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 282 43


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