Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
 18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vibrio-like isolates from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeas) and a few from rainbow trout (S. gairdneri Richardson) suffering from hemorrhagic syndrome (Hitra disease), also called cold-water vibriosis, a disease of great importance in Norwegian fish farming, were examined for plasmid content. Of 84 strains isolated from 1982 to 1984, 70 (83.3%) had a common 21-megadalton (MDa) plasmid. A 3.4-MDa plasmid was found in 58 of the strains with the 21-MDa plasmid, and a 2.8-MDa plasmid was found in 23 of the strains with both the 21- and 3.4-MDa plasmids. The strains were isolated from fish farms along the western and northern coasts of Norway. Ten (11.9%) of the strains possessed a 61-MDa plasmid in addition to a 21-MDa plasmid. Two strains had only a 21-MDa plasmid. Of the 84-Vibrio-like isolates, 14 did not harbor plasmids identical in mass to any other plasmids found in this material. Vibrio salmonicida strains, 257 in all, isolated from salmonids with the same disease from the same area from July 1986 to July 1987, all possessed a 21-MDa plasmid, either alone or in addition to a 3.4-MDa plasmid, or a combination of 3.4- and 2.8-MDa plasmids. Six of the strains had a 5.5-MDa plasmid instead of the 3.4-MDa plasmid. The restriction endonuclease patterns of the plasmids of similar molecular mass reflected similar nucleotide sequences. The plasmid content detected in isolates of V. salmonicida obtained from a coastline of more than 2,000 km and over a period of almost 6 years is stable.
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PMID:Plasmids in Vibrio salmonicida isolated from salmonids with hemorrhagic syndrome (Hitra disease). 284 46

Patients with Hb SC disease were found to have microcytic and hyperchromic red cell indices despite mild reticulocytosis. Iron deficiency anemia was ruled out by the finding of normal serum ferritin levels. In order to determine whether the microcytosis was due to coexistent alpha-thalassemia, restriction endonuclease mapping was performed on genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Patients with Hb SC disease had microcytic indices despite the presence of a full complement of four alpha-genes (alpha alpha/alpha alpha), suggesting that the microcytosis may be due to cellular dehydration (or xerocytosis), since the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in Hb SC disease patients was significantly higher than in controls. This possibility was investigated further by the determination of RBC cation content. RBC Na levels were similar in SC and normal red cells. Hb SC RBCs, however, had significantly reduced K levels. These findings show that RBC cation content, and thus cell water, is decreased in Hb SC disease. The decreased RBC K level in the presence of normal cellular Na concentration suggests selective K loss that is not due to inhibition of the Na K pump. Ouabain-insensitive K+ efflux was increased to four times normal in SC cells. Cell dehydration was confirmed by the demonstration of increased high-density RBCs on discontinuous Stractan density gradients and by osmotic gradient ektacytometry. Cellular dehydration and its sequelae were worse in CC erythrocytes and milder in AC cells than in Hb SC red cells. Taken together, these data indicate that in Hb SC disease the RBCs are severely dehydrated and typically microcytic and hyperchromic. Hb SC RBCs seem to be dehydrated due to selective K loss. These findings suggest a functional interrelationship between Hb SC, the red cell membrane, and cation regulation.
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PMID:The xerocytosis of Hb SC disease. 294 42

A number of viruses which form plaques on the unicellular, eukaryotic, Chlorella-like green alga, strain NC64A, were isolated from fresh water ponds and rivers in Illinois, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The viruses were large polyhedrons (160 to 190 nm in diameter) and contained dsDNA genomes of ca. 300 kbp. All of the viral DNAs hybridized with DNA from the previously described PBCV-1 virus. However, the viruses, even many of those isolated from the same water sample, could be distinguished from one another by DNA restriction endonuclease digestion. The viruses, including PBCV-1, were grouped into five classes by their resistance to certain DNA restriction endonucleases. Presumably the DNAs in the five classes contain different types or amounts of modified bases.
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PMID:Lytic viruses infecting a Chlorella-like alga. 298 48

Several UV-absorbing substances inhibiting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of Escherichia coli and Streptomyces aureofaciens, as well as the restriction endonuclease Eco RI have been isolated from the water-soluble extract of Propolis by two-dimensional paper chromatography. The inhibition of bacterial RNA-polymerases by the components of Propolis was probably due to the loss of their ability to bind to DNA. The general characteristic of the UV-absorbing component of Propolis with the most pronounced inhibitory effect upon transcription in vitro is described.
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PMID:Inhibition of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerases and restriction endonuclease by UV-absorbing components from propolis. 301 71

We have identified an endonuclease(s) that preferentially cleaves the internucleosomal linker regions in the aleurone chromatin producing mono- and oligonucleosomes. This enzyme(s) has been designated as a "linker"-specific nuclease(s). This nuclease does not require divalent cations for activity, and therefore it is not the "Ca2+-Mg2+-DNase" found in mammalian cells. The linker-specific nuclease activity is not detectable in the dry aleurone tissue and in the tissue treated with 0.5 mM cordycepin. The endonuclease activity of the aleurone tissue incubated with gibberellic acid is higher than the level of this endonuclease in tissue treated with abscisic acid or water alone. Nuclei isolated from embryos have lower levels of endonuclease activities compared to those from aleurone tissue. Digestion of the nuclei from embryos with micrococcal nuclease revealed the subunit structure of chromatin. In Southern blots of the HindIII digests of DNA from embryos, five DNA bands hybridized to a nick-translated alpha-amylase cDNA clone. In similar autoradiograms with aleurone DNA, particular bands are less visible, notably in the DNA isolated from the tissue treated with gibberellic acid. This is the first report of the presence of a linker-specific nuclease activity in plant cells.
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PMID:Study of barley endonucleases and alpha-amylase genes. 301 70

The Streptococcus mutans LM7 gene gtfA was cloned in Escherichia coli along with flanking regions of the chromosome as a fragment representing 10.3 kilobases (kb) of streptococcal DNA. Restriction endonuclease mapping revealed that the cloned DNA consisted of four EcoRI fragments with gtfA sucrase activity localized to one fragment, EcoRI-B (2.4 kb). Subsequent analysis with E. coli minicells indicated that three polypeptides were encoded on the 10.3-kb insert (55 [GtfA], 45, and 35 kilodaltons). Neither the 45- nor 35-kilodalton polypeptide exhibited any detectable sucrase activity. The approximate positions and directions of transcription of the two larger proteins were determined from minicell protein profiles displaying truncated versions of these polypeptides. The restriction endonuclease data for the cloned gtfA gene were used to develop a strategy for insertional inactivation of this locus in vivo. An internal HincII fragment of the gtfA gene was removed and replaced with a DNA fragment containing a tetracycline resistance determinant. This new recombinant plasmid was linearized and then transformed into S. mutans GS5 and S. mutans V403 where it was incapable of replication. It was predicted that Tcr colonies would result from double-crossover recombinational events involving homologous regions flanking the gtfA gene. This was verified by Southern DNA hybridization analyses. The inactivation of the gtfA gene in both S. mutans GS5 and S. mutans V403 resulted in a decrease of water-soluble exopolysaccharide but no detectable changes in the amounts of water-insoluble polymers.
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PMID:Molecular organization and expression of the gtfA gene of Streptococcus mutans LM7. 301 93

A glucosyltransferase (GTF) gene, designated gtfC, was cloned from Streptococcus mutans LM7. Its gene product was detected by screening a bacteriophage lambda library with rabbit antiserum raised against S. mutans LM7 extracellular proteins. DNA isolated from the immunopositive recombinant phage revealed two S. mutans chromosomal EcoRI fragment inserts, 8.1 and 4.7 kilobase pairs in size. Escherichia coli minicell analyses revealed the approximate position and direction of transcription of the gtfC gene. The gene product was determined to be a polypeptide of about 150 kilodaltons which synthesized a water-soluble glucan. Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA hybridization indicated a repeated region of DNA corresponding to a portion of the coding region of gtfC immediately downstream from the intact gtfC locus on the chromosome. A 300-base-pair gtfC-specific probe showed that the gene and the putative duplicated sequence were present in S. mutans serotypes c, e, and f, but not in other related oral streptococci which had GTF activity. In addition, the gtfC determinant displayed homology to sequences corresponding to the carboxy-terminal coding region of a gene (gtfB) encoding a GTF activity that synthesized water-insoluble glucans. These data suggest that at least one class of GTF genes may be present in multiple copies in S. mutans and, further, that GTF genes may contain conserved sequences internal to their coding regions.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of the glucosyltransferase C gene (gtfC) from Streptococcus mutans LM7. 304 May 91

In 1981, sixteen cases of nosocomial legionellosis occurred among 456 patients admitted to a new hematology-oncology unit (35 per 1000 admissions). Monoclonal antibody typing and restriction endonuclease plasmid analysis identified a unique strain (09,04) of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolated from both patients and water outlets. Continuous hyperchlorination of the hot and cold water began in January 1982, and chlorine levels of 3 to 5 mg/L have been maintained most recently. Water samples have been consistently negative for Legionella for more than five years. Four sporadic cases of nosocomial legionellosis have occurred in the hematology-oncology unit during the same period (one per 1000 admissions) associated with a different strain of L pneumophila serogroup 1 (09,00). The environmental reservoir(s) of L pneumophila serogroup 1 in these cases has not been identified. Levels of trihalomethanes (potential carcinogens) were high (greater than 100 micrograms/L) when chlorine levels of hot water exceeded 4 mg/L. Some corrosion damage to the water distribution system has occurred: the average number of leaks per month increased steadily from zero in 1982 to 5.2 in 1986. The chlorinator installation costs were +75,800, and annual operation expenses were +12,500. Continuous hyperchlorination is a promising but still experimental technique for control of nosocomial legionellosis. In our experience, epidemic disease has been controlled, but sporadic cases have continued to occur.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease associated with a hospital water system. A five-year progress report on continuous hyperchlorination. 335 31

A gene technological method of sex determination in cadaverous material is reported. The samples were taken from a child's corpse, which was nearly completely skeletonized after 1 year in water. From cells of the bone marrow the DNA was isolated and digested by restriction enzymes. A defined fragment of 2.12kb length was cleaved off by the endonuclease HaeIII in the presence of Y chromosomes. After agarose-gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments, the specific sequence was detected by hybridization with the cloned, radioactively labelled complementary plasmide pHY2.1.
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PMID:[Sex determination of cadaver material by the detection of specific nucleotide sequences of the Y chromosome following DNA cleavage]. 353 92

A procedure for preparing a DNA probe to be used in the specific detection of Legionella pneumophila by dot or colony hybridization has been devised. When total DNA from L. pneumophila was used as a radioactive probe, cross-hybridization occurred with DNA from many other species belonging to various families (including Legionellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Vibrionaceae). Cross-hybridizing restriction fragments in L. pneumophila ATCC 33152 DNA were identified on Southern blots. When unlabeled DNA from strain ATCC 33152 was cleaved by endonuclease BamHI, the DNA fragments cross-hybridizing with the labeled DNA from all of the other species and genera tested (or with Escherichia coli 16 + 23 S RNA) had a size of 21.4 and 16.2 kilobase pairs (major bands) and 28.0, 12.8, and 10.1 kilobase pairs (minor bands). BamHI restriction fragments of L. pneumophila DNA deprived of the cross-hybridizing fragments were pooled and used as a probe for the detection of L. pneumophila. This probe proved to be specific for L. pneumophila in colony and dot hybridization. It can potentially be used for the detection of L. pneumophila in clinical and water samples. The procedure described can be readily applied to the preparation of probes specific for phylogenetically isolated bacterial species other than L. pneumophila.
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PMID:DNA probe specific for Legionella pneumophila. 398 Jun 93


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