Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The DNAase in human urine was purified about 30-fold with a recovery of 28%. This involved DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography steps and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The enzyme required divalent cations such as Co2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ for activity, but Ca2+, Cu2+ and Fe2+ were ineffective. EDTA and G-actin inhibited the reaction. The maximum activity was observed at pH 5.5 in acetate buffer plus Co2+ or Mg2+ and Ca2+. It had a molecular weight of approximately 38 000, estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and isoelectric point of around pH 3.9. The enzyme is an endonuclease which hydrolyzes native, double-stranded DNA about 3 to 4 times faster than thermally denatured DNA to produce 5'-phosphoryl- and 3'-hydroxyl-terminated oligonucleotides. The final preparation was free of non-specific acid and alkaline phosphatases, phosphodiesterase and ribonuclease activities.
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PMID:Purification and properties of deoxyribonuclease from human urine. 2 31

An endonuclease stimulated by manganese or calcium ions was isolated from Bacillus subtilis. This enzyme attacked double- or single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid from a variety of sources, including B. subtilis, and was purified from the material released into the medium during protoplast formation. The enzyme appeared as a single peak after glycerol gradient centrifugation and comprised approximately 30 to 35% of the protein in the most purified preparations, as estimated by gel electrophoresis. It had a molecular weight of about 46,000. The mode of action of the enzyme was endonucleolytic, and circular deoxyribonucleic acid was readily cleaved. The enzyme introduced a limited number of both double- and single-strand breaks into native deoxyribonucleic acid, generally yielding products of 1 X 10(6) daltons or more in size. The reasons for this limitation of cleavage were not clear. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by low levels of Cu2+, Co2+, Hg2+, and Zn2+. It was also inhibited by high concentrations of NaCl. A role for this enzyme in bacterial transormation is suggested.
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PMID:Purification and properties of a manganese-stimulated endonuclease from Bacillus subtilis. 81 79

We used X-ray microanalysis to study the changes induced in mouse metaphase chromosomes as a result of digestion with the restriction endonuclease HaeIII. The phosphorus X-ray signal was used as a marker for DNA and the sulfur signal for protein. Calcium, iron, copper, and zinc were also detected. HaeIII induced a loss of phosphorus from both the centromeres and chromosome arms, but the losses in the arms were much greater. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the electron density of the centromeres and a reduction in that of the arms. No reduction in the sulfur signal in either arms or centromeres occurred as a result of HaeIII digestion. Except for calcium, which showed only a moderate reduction, the inorganic ions exhibited very large losses as a result of HaeIII digestion. The differentiation of chromosome arms and centromeres as a result of HaeIII digestion is therefore not simply due to differential loss of DNA but also involves structural reorganization of the chromatin, as shown by electron microscopy. This reorganization does not involve loss of proteins but may be correlated with changes in the amounts of inorganic ions known to be involved in chromatin condensation.
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PMID:Selective digestion of mouse chromosomes with restriction endonucleases. II. X-ray microanalysis of HaeIII-treated chromosomes. 201 36

T4 endonuclease V is a pyrimidine dimer-specific DNA repair enzyme which has been previously shown not to require metal ions for either of its two catalytic activities or its DNA binding function by virtue of its ability to function in the presence of metal-chelating agents. However, we have investigated whether the single cysteine within the enzyme was able to bind metal salts and influence the various activities of this repair enzyme. A series of metals (Hg2+, Ag+, Cu+) were shown to inactivate both endonuclease Vs pyrimidine dimer-specific DNA glycosylase activity and the subsequent apurinic nicking activity. The binding of metal to endonuclease V did not interfere with nontarget DNA scanning or pyrimidine dimer-specific binding. The Cys-78 codon within the endonuclease V gene was changed by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis to Thr-78 and Ser-78 in order to determine whether the native cysteine was directly involved in the enzyme's DNA catalytic activities and whether the cysteine was primarily responsible for the metal binding. The mutant enzymes were able to confer enhanced ultraviolet light (UV) resistance to DNA repair-deficient Escherichia coli at levels equal to that conferred by the wild type enzyme. The C78T mutant enzyme was purified to homogeneity and shown to be catalytically active on pyrimidine dimer-containing DNA. The catalytic activities of the C78T mutant enzyme were demonstrated to be unaffected by the addition of Hg2+ or Ag+ at concentrations 1000-fold greater than that required to inhibit the wild type enzyme. These data suggest that the cysteine is not required for enzyme activity but that the binding of certain metals to that amino acid block DNA incision by either preventing a conformational change in the enzyme after it has bound to a pyrimidine dimer or sterically interfering with the active site residue's accessibility to the pyrimidine dimer.
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PMID:Selective metal binding to Cys-78 within endonuclease V causes an inhibition of catalytic activities without altering nontarget and target DNA binding. 203 8

Specific peptides of varying lengths were inserted between the two metal cluster domains of metallothionein (MT), which normally are spanned by only three amino acids, Lys-Lys-Ser. These interdomain expansions were made to test if such structural alterations would affect MT function. These constructs were engineered by inserting defined oligonucleotides of up to four tandem repeats of dodecanucleotides and hexanucleotides into an Alu-1 endonuclease cleavage site, which separates the two exonic regions of an MT-coding sequence from Chinese hamster ovary cells, MT-2. The native and altered sequences were cloned into a high expression Escherichia coli-yeast shuttle vector and used to transform yeast cells whose endogenous MT genes had been previously deleted. Using metal resistance as a biological marker, all constructs were shown to be functional in rendering the host cells resistant to either copper or cadmium. As the inserts, by nature of their amino acid sequence, could add flexibility to the otherwise compact molecule, the two domains apparently are active independently. The level of activity, however, diminished with the length of the insert. Determinations for copy number of the chimeric plasmids and MT mRNAs in the transformed cells showed that the replicational and transcriptional capacity of the long and short constructs were equivalent.
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PMID:Metallothioneins with interdomain hinges expanded by insertion mutagenesis. 218 35

The synthesis of chelating sorbents for ligand-exchange chromatography of enzymes is described. An inorganic support "Silochrom" and organic "Spheron", TSK-Gel HW 55 and cellulose were used as initial supports. The chelating sorbents contained iminodiacetic acid and iminodimethylphosphonic acid as stationary ligands. In order to obtain monofunctional sorbents, iminodiacetic acid was added in the form of its dimethyl ester. The concentration of stationary ligands on the sorbents varied from 10 to 100 mumol per ml sorbent. A chelating sorbent (in nickel form) was shown to be effective in the purification of exonuclease A5 from actinomyces. Electrophoretically homogeneous exonuclease A5 was obtained with a 25% yield. A chelating sorbent with iminodiacetic groups (in copper form) was applied to the isolation of endonuclease from Serratia marcescens directly from the culture medium. The capacity of the chelating sorbents for the endonuclease was studied as a function of the stationary ligand concentration. After one stage of purification, more than 70% pure enzyme was obtained with a yield exceeding 80%.
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PMID:Ligand-exchange chromatography of nucleases. 302 93

The self-complementing dodecamer 5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3' and its complexes with the antibiotic netropsin and the restriction endonuclease EcoRI provide substrates of known three-dimensional structure to study the stereochemistry and mechanism of the artificial nuclease of 1,10-phenanthroline-copper ion [(OP)2Cu+]. Analysis of the reaction products with the 5'-32P dodecamer on 20% sequencing gels has demonstrated the presence of 3'-phosphoglycolate ends in addition to 3'-phosphomonoester ends expected from previous studies. A reaction intermediate, which is a precursor to 3'-phosphomonoester termini, has been trapped; in contrast, no comparable species for the 5'-phosphomonoester termini can be detected when 3'-labeled DNAs are utilized as substrates. The reactive oxidative species formed by the coreactants (OP)2Cu+ and hydrogen peroxide is distinguishable in its chemistry from the hydroxyl radicals produced by cobalt-60 gamma-irradiation. The freely diffusible hydroxyl radicals generated by cobalt-60 irradiation produce equivalent amounts of 3'-phosphomonoester and 3'-phosphoglycolate termini whereas the 3'-phosphomonoesters are the preferred product of (OP)2Cu+ and H2O2. On the basis of the structures of the products obtained, the principal site of attack of the coordination complex is on the C-1 of the deoxyribose within the minor groove. This conclusion is supported by the footprinting of netropsin binding to the dodecamer. Crystallographic results have demonstrated that netropsin binds to the minor groove at the central AATT residue. A clear protection of attack by the coordination complex at the deoxyriboses associated with A-5, T-6, T-7, and C-9 is fully consistent with attack from the minor groove without intercalation during the course of the cleavage reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nuclease activity of 1,10-phenanthroline-copper ion: reaction with CGCGAATTCGCG and its complexes with netropsin and EcoRI. 302 54

A cosmid library of copper-resistant (Cur) Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato PT23 plasmid DNA was constructed and mobilized into the copper-sensitive recipient P. syringae pv. syringae PS61. One resultant cosmid clone, pCOP1 (46 kilobases), conferred copper resistance. The PT23 Cur gene(s) was located on pCOP1 by subcloning PstI restriction endonuclease fragments of pCOP1 in the broad-host-range vector pRK404. A subclone containing a 4.4-kilobase PstI fragment conferred Cur on PS61. The Cur gene(s) was further located by insertional inactivation with Tn5. A subcloned fragment internal to the Cur determinant on pCOP2 was probed to plasmid and chromosomal DNA of four copper-resistant and three copper-sensitive strains of P. syringae pv. tomato. The probe hybridized to plasmids in resistant strains, but showed no detectable homology to copper-sensitive strains.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of copper resistance genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. 302 30

An endonuclease specific for cruciform junctions has been purified from yeast cells treated with a DNA-damaging agent. The activity was followed through five chromatographic steps by assaying for the linearization of supercoiled plasmid DNA, which extrudes cruciform structures in vitro. The sites of cleavage on pColIR215 were sequenced, and nicks were located to positions symmetrically opposed across the cruciform junction. The products of cleavage were unit length linear duplexes that contained terminal hairpin loops. In contrast to pColIR215, the cleavage patterns of pXG540 plasmid DNA were found to be complex, and cuts were found up to 40 bases from an (A-T)34 sequence that extrudes into a cruciform. Little or no activity could be detected on single-stranded DNA, linear duplex DNA, or nicked circular duplex DNA. The nuclease was insensitive to RNase but was inactivated by treatment with proteinase K. Mg2+ was required as cofactor and could not be replaced by Mn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, or Cu2+. The native molecular weight of the activity was approximately 200,000 as estimated by gel filtration.
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PMID:Purification and properties of a nuclease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that cleaves DNA at cruciform junctions. 330 13

Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a copper-binding protein in vertebrate plasma. It is the product of an intragenic triplication and is composed of three homologous domains. Oligonucleotide probes constructed according to published amino acid sequences were used to identify cDNA clones encoding human CP. Two clones, CP-1 and CP-2, differed from each other by the presence or absence, respectively, of a deduced sequence of four amino acids. The two clones provided 81% of the sequence encoding CP. Comparison of the nucleotides of the three domains of the CP coding sequence revealed internal domain homology with identity of sequences ranging from 50.1% to 56%. The nucleotide sequence of CP-2 cDNa was compared to that of a homologous human protein, clotting factor VIII, and was found to be 48% identical overall. The CP gene was mapped to human chromosome 3 by somatic-cell-hybrid analysis and to 3q25 by in situ hybridization; however, sites of hybridization to DNA on other chromosomal sites suggested additional CP-like DNA sequences in the human genome. A DNA polymorphism was detected with CP cDNA after endonuclease digestion of human DNA by Pst I. CP mRNA was detected in human liver, macrophages, and lymphocytes by in situ histohybridization.
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PMID:Characterization, mapping, and expression of the human ceruloplasmin gene. 348 16


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