Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
 18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Citrobacter diversus brain abscess occurred in two infants in Aberdeen, 5 months apart. These are the first reported cases of this condition in the UK since 1976. Restriction endonuclease analysis with SacI enzyme showed blood and CSF isolates from both patients to be identical and different from 10 other clinical isolates of C. diversus and one C. amalonaticus strain. Furthermore, isolates of C. diversus from patients belonged to biotype "d" whereas control isolates were of biotypes "a" or "e". Because both infants attended the same central and peripheral maternity units, this raised suspicions of long term contamination of the hospital environment by this organism. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of whole-cell proteins and immunoblotting with normal human serum were remarkably homogeneous for all 13 C. diversus strains and thus were not useful for typing. However, the only C. amalonaticus strain was clearly differentiated from C. diversus strains by SDS-PAGE. Management of the infants included multiple intravenous antibiotic therapy for 4-6 weeks and repeated computerised tomography (CT) scanning and drainage of the abscess cavity. Both children survived albeit with some minor degree of brain damage.
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PMID:Citrobacter diversus brain abscess: case reports and molecular epidemiology. 156 Apr 49

As demonstrated by long-range mapping of restriction endonuclease recognition sequences and genomic cloning, we found that the human genes encoding interleukin 3 (IL 3) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are tandemly arrayed on the long arm of chromosome 5, separated by 9 kilobases (kb) of DNA. This close physical linkage of genes with similar structure and biologic function suggests that these cytokines may have evolved from a common ancestral gene. This linkage in evolution of two relatively divergent genes further implies that some of the other lymphokine and cytokine genes that appear to share as much or more sequence similarity than do IL 3 and GM-CSF may be distantly related members of a cytokine gene family.
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PMID:The human genes for GM-CSF and IL 3 are closely linked in tandem on chromosome 5. 283 32

The aim of this study was to compare conventional enterovirus isolation with rapid detection of enteroviral RNA by a reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) method amplifying the 5' nontranslated region of the enteroviral genome in specimens from patients with aseptic meningitis. Reference enterovirus strains and clinical enterovirus isolates were analyzed to evaluate assay sensitivity and specificity. All known enteroviral serotypes tested, but one (echovirus type 22), were detected by RT-nPCR. A series of unrelated viral isolates as well as CSF samples from patients with meningitis/encephalitis or neurological syndromes unrelated to enterovirus infection were included as controls. A total of 47 specimens (31 CSF, 12 rectal swabs, 4 throat swabs) from 30 patients with aseptic meningitis were available for the study. Of the 31 CSF samples tested from 30 patients, 17 from 17 patients (54.8%) were positive by RT-nPCR, while only 10 from 10 patients (32.2%) were positive by culture. Thus, RT-nPCR allowed diagnosis of enterovirus meningitis in 7 additional patients compared to cell culture. The cytopathic effect was observed 5-15 days after inoculation of CSF specimens onto cell cultures, while direct detection of viral RNA in CSF samples by RT-nPCR permitted diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis within 1-2 days. On the whole, viral isolation was positive in 12/47 (25.5%) specimens, whereas viral RNA was detected by RT-nPCR in 11 additional samples (23/47, 48.9%). Specimens of the control group were consistently negative by both viral isolation and RT-nPCR. Restriction endonuclease analysis of PCR products (RFLP) was applied to differentiate poliovirus (PV) from non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). All enterovirus strains detected in clinical samples (n = 23) were identified as NPEV by RFLP. Clinical isolates were typed by neutralization as echovirus type 30 (n = 6), while 6 were not typed. In conclusion, detection of enteroviral RNA in CSF by RT-nPCR allows: i) rapid diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis; ii) increased sensitivity with respect to virus isolation; iii) differentiation between PV and NPEV infections of the central nervous system.
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PMID:Rapid detection of enteroviral RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with aseptic meningitis by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction. 981 15

It was previously found that herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV1) when present in the brain, is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in carriers of the type 4 allele of the gene for apolipoprotein E (apoE epsilon4), and apoE epsilon4 is a risk factor for herpes labialis. Whether a specific allele of the gene is involved in susceptibility to another disorder caused by HSV1-herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE)-has now been investigated. DNA was prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of specimens from the brain or spleen of 14 United Kingdom patients with HSE, confirmed by necropsy, and from the CSF of seven United Kingdom clinical patients with HSV1 in their CSF detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ApoE genotype of the DNA from blocks was determined by seminested PCR, and of the DNA from CSF by one step PCR, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion. The apoE allele frequencies were compared with values previously obtained for 238 normal people from the United Kingdom. The apoE epsilon2 allele frequency of the patients with HSE was 26%, significantly higher than the value of 7% for the normal subjects (OR=4.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2. 0-10.8). The apoE epsilon3 and epsilon4 allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the two groups. Thus, it seems that apoE epsilon2 is a risk factor for HSE.
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PMID:Herpes simplex encephalitis: involvement of apolipoprotein E genotype. 1111 60