Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kinetics was studied of DNA degradation, processing and synthesis in the course of post-radiation incubation (irradiation dose 0-2000 erg/mm2). It has been shown that contrary to the endonuclease splitting of DNA strands, DNA degradation requires energy. DNA degradation is not enhanced upon an increase of the irradiation up to 400 erg/mm2 and more and at the incubation duration exceeding 120 min. The degradation involves not more than 40% of the total DNA quantity. It takes place in the absence of resynthesis registered by the incorporation of [3h] thymidine and 32P and dephinylamine reaction. The number of single-strand breaks in DNA (per one E. coli chromosome strans) reaches a maximum value after 120-180 min. of incubation. This maximal value is linearily increased upon an increase of the irradiation dose from 0 to 1200 erg/mm2 and does not change when the dose increases further. The number of single-strand breaks does not exceed 35-50, this value being dependent on the presence of glucose. On the basis of the data obtained a suggestion is put forward that in the course of the reparative degradation of DNA, prolonged (10(4)-10(5) nucleotides) single-stranded regions are formed. Possible role of these 'nicks" in the appearance of mutations is discussed.
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PMID:[Structure of the DNA molecule in the course of reparation process after ultraviolet irradiation of E. coli cells]. 76 45

307 cultures of staphylococci and micrococci were isolated from clinical sources and were subjected to 8 different physiological tests for the recognition of pathogentic strains. These tests were as follows; catalase, oxidase, fermentation and oxidation of glucose and mannitol, v.p. and coagulase activity, heat resistance endonuclease, and lipase production. From the results obtained it can be concluded that for the recognition of pathogenicity of staphylococci, coagulase, heat resistance endonuclease and fermentation of mannitol should be carried out.
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PMID:Evaluation of 8 physiological characteristics of clinically isolated Staphylococci and Micrococci. 80 76

In searching for a genetic marker of type 2 diabetes we estimated the frequency of alleles of the Bgl II restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the insulin receptor gene in a group of type II diabetic patients (n = 50), characterized by OGTT (glucose, insulin, C-peptide) and insulin receptor binding parameters. Leucocyte DNA was incubated with restriction endonuclease Bgl II and specific fragments were determined by Southern blot technique, using radioactive plasmid pINSR 13.1 as insulin receptor gene probe for hybridization. Insulin receptor numbers and receptor affinity were estimated by 125I-(Tyr-A-14)- insulin binding to red blood cells. Among control subjects the 20 kb fragment (allele Bgl II+) had a frequency of 0.21. In our group of diabetic patients this allele had a frequency of 0.10 (n.s., p greater than 0.05). In our study the insulin receptor genotype had no influence on body mass index, insulin and C-peptide during OGTT as well as insulin receptor binding data. So far, etiopathogenetic linkage between diabetes and insulin receptor variants (mutants) could unambiguously be proved in patients with extreme insulin resistance only. In our opinion, the estimation of the role of the gene as the reason underlying the disease inevitably requires the investigation of large families with multiple occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the insulin receptor gene, type 2 diabetes and insulin binding. 168 Jul 59

Strain PPAV, a filamentous but nonhelical mollicute, was isolated from aborted apple seeds in France in late 1979. This organism grew well in SP-4 broth, fermented glucose, and required sterol for growth, and most of its properties suggested that it belonged to the genus Mycoplasma. However, it was serologically distinct; in addition, unlike other Mycoplasma species, genome measurements consistently yielded values of about 1,000 MDa (ca. 1,500 kbp), and the organism had a growth temperature optimum of 43 degrees C. A comparison of strain PPAV 16S rRNA sequences with those of other mollicutes revealed a high degree of sequence similarity to a strain of Mycoplasma iowae, which is commonly encountered in poultry. This relationship was confirmed by performing a restriction endonuclease pattern analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization tests. The genome size of type strain 695 of M. iowae was determined to be about 1,000 MDa (1,500 kbp) by renaturation kinetics, a value which is much higher than any other value known in the genus. Additional measurements by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis yielded values of 1,300 kbp for both strain PPAV and M. iowae. Subsequent phenotypic comparisons supported this relationship. Serologic tests with strain PPAV and other strains of M. iowae confirmed the findings of other investigators that this species is serologically heterogeneous. The high optimum temperature for growth of strain PPAV was also shared by a number of M. iowae isolates. Genome size is an inappropriate character for taxonomic assignment to the family Mycoplasmataceae because strain PPAV and other established species in this family are now known to have genomes ranging in size from 1,000 to 1,400 kbp.
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PMID:Identification of a plant-derived mollicute as a strain of an avian pathogen, Mycoplasma iowae, and its implications for mollicute taxonomy. 172 Jun 52

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used widely both as a model system for unraveling the biochemical, genetic, and molecular details of gene expression and the secretion process, and as a host for the production of heterologous proteins of biotechnological interest. The potential of starch as a renewable biological resource has stimulated research into amylolytic enzymes and the broadening of the substrate range of S. cerevisiae. The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, consisting of linear (amylose) and branched glucose polymers (amylopectin), is catalyzed by alpha- and beta-amylases, glucoamylases, and debranching enzymes, e.g., pullulanases. Starch utilization in the yeast S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus depends on the expression of the three unlinked genes, STA1 (chr. IV), STA2 (chr. II), and STA3 (chr. XIV), each encoding one of the extracellular glycosylated glucoamylases isozymes GAI, GAII, or GAIII, respectively. The restriction endonuclease maps of STA1, STA2, and STA3 are identical. These genes are absent in S. cerevisiae, but a related gene, SGA1, encoding an intracellular, sporulation-specific glucoamylase (SGA), is present. SGA1 is homologous to the middle and 3' regions of the STA genes, but lacks a 5' sequence that encodes the domain for secretion of the extracellular glucoamylases. The STA genes are positively regulated by the presence of three GAM genes. In addition to positive regulation, the STA genes are regulated negatively at three levels. Whereas strains of S. diastaticus are capable of expressing the STA genes, most strains of S. cerevisiae contain STA10, whose presence represses the expression of the STA genes in an undefined manner. The STA genes are also repressed in diploid cells, presumably by the MATa/MAT alpha-encoded repressor. STA gene expression is reduced in liquid synthetic media, it is carbon catabolite repressed by glucose, and is inhibited in petite mutants.
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PMID:The glucoamylase multigene family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus: an overview. 187 99

To assess the contribution of the HepG2/erythrocyte glucose-transporter (HepG2 GT) gene to the inherited susceptibility to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), cDNA and genomic probes were used to search for restriction-endonuclease polymorphisms at this locus. Analysis of DNA from 16 unrelated Black American individuals with 19 enzymes and as many as six different probes, defined four polymorphisms over a 45-kilobase region. Nucleotide diversity (pi = 0.006) was low relative to that at other loci, with an average of 1 in 1700 base pairs different between two chromosomes at this locus. The observed combined heterozygosity for these four sites was 0.69, which indicates that the markers at this locus could be useful for linkage analysis in families. Linkage-disequilibrium values between the four polymorphisms were evaluated by pairwise analysis and extended haplotypes. Calculating pairwise associations by the disequilibrium statistic delta or by another measure of disequilibrium, D' (the maximum likelihood of disequilibrium, which is less dependent on frequency), significant linkage disequilibrium could not be demonstrated. However, the frequencies of the observed extended haplotypes were shown to differ (chi 2 = 9.1, df = 2, P less than 0.025) from predicted frequencies if the sites were in linkage equilibrium in Blacks. The frequencies of these four polymorphisms were determined in Black nondiabetic (n = 44) and NIDDM (n = 63) subjects. Neither the allelic nor genotypic frequencies of the polymorphisms differed between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Polymorphisms of HepG2/erythrocyte glucose-transporter gene. Linkage relationships and implications for genetic analysis of NIDDM. 197 57

A cohort of 132 well-documented White Welsh non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects were genotyped for 5 restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the insulin-receptor gene (IRG) locus and a polymorphic locus 5' to the insulin gene. There was no significant difference in RFLP frequencies between the NIDDM subjects and a group of 87 matched White control subjects. Paired haplotype analysis of the IRG RFLPs suggested a difference between NIDDM and control groups for the endonuclease combinations Bgl II-Rsa I and Bgl II-Xba I. Analysis of implied haplotypes defined by the endonucleases Bgl II, Rsa I, and Xba I revealed one haplotype to be more prevalent in the NIDDM group; whereas, another haplotype was associated with the control group (P less than 0.02). Subset analysis within the NIDDM cohort compared the metabolic response of NIDDM subjects with the differing IRG haplotypes to a standard meal tolerance test. Both groups showed equivalent basal and postprandial glucose excursions, but one group revealed a significantly exaggerated plasma insulin response compared with the other (P less than 0.05). This may reflect the influence of genetic variation at the IRG locus on insulin sensitivity in patients with NIDDM.
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PMID:Allelic variants at insulin-receptor and insulin gene loci and susceptibility to NIDDM in Welsh population. 197 26

A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene of Clostridium acetobutylicum B643 was cloned on two recombinant plasmids, pPC37 and pPC58, that were selected by complementation of Escherichia coli PRC436 (acd), a fermentation-defective mutant that does not grow anaerobically on glucose. E. coli PRC436(pPC37) and PRC436(pPC58) grew anaerobically and fermented glucose to mostly lactate. When pPC37 and pPC58 were transformed into E. coli FMJ39 (ldh pfl), an LDH-deficient strain, the resulting strains grew anaerobically on glucose and produced lactate. Crude extracts of E. coli FMJ39(pPC37) and FMJ39(pP58) contained high LDH activity only when assayed for pyruvate reduction to lactate, and the LDH activity was activated 15- to 30-fold by the addition of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP). E. coli FMJ39 had no detectable LDH activity, and E. coli LDH from a wild-type strain was not activated by FDP. Maxicell analysis showed that both plasmids pPC37 and pPC58 expressed a protein with an apparent Mr of 38,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Restriction endonuclease mapping of pPC37 and pPC58 and DNA hybridization studies indicated that a 2.1-kb region of these two clones of C. acetobutylicum DNA encodes the FDP-activated LDH.
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PMID:Cloning of a lactate dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium acetobutylicum B643 and expression in Escherichia coli. 208 23

Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from a patient with a pacemaker electrode infection were extensively evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Findings from this evaluation were striking because different colony morphologic subtypes were recovered from blood and resected pacemaker electrodes. Staphylococci from each colony subtype (LBL, LBV, LBP, LBS) were identified as slime-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis sensu stricto. Direct plating of isolates from a restricted electrode revealed a mixture of colony phenotypes when examined on a high-salt, low-glucose medium, Memphis agar. Bacteriophage typing employing 17 different phages and plasmid profile analysis were largely unsuccessful in further characterizing bacterial cells of each of the four colony morphotypes. On the other hand, restriction endonuclease analysis by EcoRI digestion of the chromosomal DNA demonstrated the probable common clonal origin of the four colony phenotypes.
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PMID:Phenotypic variation of Staphylococcus epidermidis in infection of transvenous endocardial pacemaker electrodes. 233 65

The gene for beta-amylase was isolated from Bacillus polymyxa by molecular cloning in B. subtilis. B. subtilis cells containing this gene express and secrete an amylase which resembles the B. polymyxa beta-amylase and barley beta-amylase in terms of the products it generates during carbohydrate hydrolysis. Starch hydrolysis with this beta-amylase produces maltose, not glucose, whereas maltotriose and cycloheptaose are resistant to the action of this beta-amylase. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 68,000. Restriction endonuclease mapping demonstrated that the DNA inserted in pBD64 and containing the gene is approximately 3 kilobases in length.
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PMID:Cloning and characterization of the beta-amylase gene from Bacillus polymyxa. 241 10


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