Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 52 antibiotic-resistant Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from cats, ten carried plasmids. Only two of these plasmids, pLV1400 and pLV1401, were self-transmissible to Escherichia coli K12; both plasmids encoded resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphonamides, streptomycin and mercuric chloride, and were of incompatibility group P (IncP). Transferable tetracycline resistance has not been reported in B. bronchiseptica previously. The plasmids were identical in size (c.51 kb), restriction endonuclease digestion pattern and gene sequences (trfA and korA) within the IncP replicon. The trfA and korA sequences differed from those of the archetypal IncP plasmids RP4 and R751. Although the two B. bronchiseptica isolates were from epidemiologically and geographically separated cats, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of their XbaI- or DraI-digested chromosomal DNA indicated that they were genotypically identical. The plasmid-encoded ampicillin resistance was mediated by a penicillinase of molecular weight 49,000, and pI 8.45 which was inhibited by clavulanate (IC50 = 0.1 mg/L) and tazobactam (IC50 = 0.42 mg/L) but not by parachloromercuribenzoate or EDTA. The high-level tetracycline resistance was mediated by a class C efflux mechanism that has not been described previously in this genus. The presence of transferable multi-drug resistance on a promiscuous plasmid may limit options for therapy of respiratory tract infection in companion and farm animals.
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PMID:Characterization of antibiotic resistance plasmids from Bordetella bronchiseptica. 946 32

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial infections and a risk in patients who have either undergone surgery or are on haemodialysis. The S. aureus infections in patients admitted to the clinical departments of Al-Makased Charitable Hospital in Jerusalem during a period of one year were investigated. Isolates included were from blood, surgical wounds, or other nonsuperficial sites. Of 63 isolates available for analysis, 46 (73.0%) expressed type 8 capsular polysaccharide; 13 (20.7%), type 5 capsular polysaccharide; only 4 isolates (6.3%) did not express type 5 or type 8 antibodies. The strains fitted in 7 different antibiogram types, with the type showing resistance only to penicillin and ampicillin prevalent in 34 out of 63 isolates (54.0%). Of the 12 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (19.1%), 8(66.7%) possessed the type 8 capsule and 4(33.7%) the type 5 capsule. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of all isolates with the restriction-endonuclease enzymes Sma I revealed 34 patterns demonstrating that no single methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strain was endemic in the hospital. However, all MRSA isolates with a type 8 capsule showed identical PFGE patterns using the 2 restriction-endonuclease enzymes Sma I and SST II. Moreover, type 5 isolates showed identical patterns (one isolate differed from the rest with one band only). These data suggest and confirm the clonality of type 5 and type 8 MRSA isolates. Analysing the results of the capsular and antibiogram typing schemes in conjunction proved useful and suggested that such an analysis can be employed as a helpful epidemiological tool in hospitals with limited resources.
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PMID:Molecular, antibiogram and serological typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from Al-Makased Hospital in East Jerusalem. 970 93

Thirty-nine strains of Salmonella typhi, isolated in 1995 from four Districts in Pakistan, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Kharian and Jehlem, were catalogued and examined. Chromosomal DNA from each isolate was digested with XbaI restriction endonuclease and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Three clonal variants comprising of 17-19 DNA fragments were identified. Antibiotic susceptibility testing identified that 37 of the S. typhi were resistant to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and ampicillin. These antibiotic resistance genes were found to be located on one of four plasmids belonging to incompatibility group IncHI1 and ranging in size from 150-175 Kb. The genes responsible for this resistance in each case were the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) type I, the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) type VII and the beta-lactamase TEM-1 respectively.
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PMID:Characterization of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi isolated from Pakistan. 1072 24

We constructed several versatile sets of vectors that can be used to introduce any gene into the pgl/picA locus of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 chromosome without affecting T-DNA transfer. One set contains a fragment containing the lacIq and lacZ genes and a multiple cloning site from pBluescriptII SK(+) inserted into a PstI site between the pgl and picA genes on an incPalpha plasmid. The resulting plasmid contains eight unique restriction endonuclease sites and the ability to use blue-white screening for the presence of an insert. A second plasmid also contains a beta-lactamase gene within this locus and provides a convenient ampicillin-carbenicillin resistance marker for the selection of genes integrated into the chromosome following double homologous recombination (homogenotization). A third plasmid contains, in addition to the lacZ, lacIq, and beta-lactamase genes within the pgl/picA locus, a sacRB gene cassette within the vector to counterselect against the presence of the vector within A. tumefaciens. To test this system, we introduced a wild-type virD2 gene into the A. tumefaciens chromosome at the pgl/picA locus. When a Ti plasmid harboring a deletion of virD2 was in this strain, the integrated virD2 gene complemented the virD2 deletion and the resulting transformation phenotype was identical to that resulting from A. tumefaciens strains harboring a wild-type virD2 gene located on a replicating plasmid.
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PMID:Novel constructions to enable the integration of genes into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 chromosome. 1131 Jul 46

The oropharyngeal regions of 680 meat turkeys and 55 breeder turkeys from nine outbreak farms, three history-outbreak farms, and 19 nonoutbreak farms in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania were cultured to determine the prevalence of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys. Pasteurella multocida was recovered from 32 out of 105 turkeys belonging to outbreak farms. Pasteurella multocida was not recovered from either history-outbreak or nonoutbreak farms. Characterization via capsular and somatic serotyping, biotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all recovered P. multocida isolates. Pasteurella multocida serotype A:1 and somatic serotype 1 with an un-typable capsular serogroup (UT:1) were the most common serogroups found. All isolates belonged to biotype P. multocida ssp. multocida. EcoRI, HpaII, and HindIII restriction enzyme digestions identified three, five, and five restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles, respectively. A majority of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, novobiocin, oxacillin with 2% NaCl, sarafloxacin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim with sulphadiazine and resistant to clindamicin, penicillin, tiamulin, and tylosin.
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PMID:Prevalence and characteristics of Pasteurella multocida in commercial turkeys. 1133 80

Avian cholera outbreaks have been identified in Indonesia in recent years. Despite vaccination programs, outbreaks continue to occur. To date, there has been a lack of information on the characteristics of Pasteurella multocida isolates involved in these outbreaks. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterize Indonesian P. multocida isolates in poultry. During 1998-99, 20 field outbreaks were reported in Indonesia. Nine isolates of P. multocida were recovered from these field outbreaks. The isolates were compared with four vaccine strains that were used in Indonesia and designated PM-V1, PM-V2, PM-V3, and PM-V4. The isolates were characterized by biotype, capsular type, somatic serotype, restriction endonuclease analysis, plasmid presence, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Of the nine Indonesian isolates, three were of capsular type A (A:1,3,13; A:1,3; and A:8). One isolate was of type B:2,3 and one isolate was of capsular type F. For three isolates, the capsular serogroup could not be identified. Plasmids the size of 2.3 kbp were present in three of the field isolates and two of the vaccine strains. One plasmid less than 2 kbp was isolated from the vaccine strain PM-V4. Eight distinct DNA profiles were obtained from digestion with the restriction endonuclease EcoRI, and seven distinct DNA profiles were obtained from digestion with the restriction endonuclease HindIII. All of the isolates were resistant to lincomycin and sulfadiazine and were susceptible to ampicillin and trimethoprim. Of the nine isolates, seven (78%) were susceptible to doxycycline and gentamicin and six (67%) were susceptible to enrofloxacin.
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PMID:Characterization of nine Pasteurella multocida isolates from avian cholera outbreaks in Indonesia. 1133 97

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in the fecal flora of healthy children in Greece. METHODS: Rectal swabs were collected from 181 children, not suffering from infections and not undergoing antibiotic treatment, aged 6 months to 6 years, outpatients of a pediatric hospital, and plated on McConkey agar with ampicillin or trimethoprim. Isolated resistant colonies were identified to the species level and E. coli strains were studied further by molecular methods. RESULTS: Forty-four per cent of the children carried resistant E. coli, and in 20% resistance was transferable. Forty-seven per cent of the children with no history of antibiotic consumption during the last year were found to carry resistant strains in their feces, and transferable R plasmids were present in 23% of them. Forty per cent of the strains and 30% of the transconjugants were multiresistant. Although plasmids of various molecular weights and restriction endonuclease digest patterns were identified, six 60-MDa and four 80-MDa plasmids, originating from epidemiologically unrelated children, were found to be similar. CONCLUSION: Normal flora E. coli in Greece seems to constitute an important reservoir of resistance genes. Eradication of resistance from a population that comes into frequent contact with antibiotics seems to be difficult.
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PMID:High rates of antibiotic resistance among normal fecal flora Escherichia coli isolates in children from Greece. 1186 44

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104L was first reported in Singapore from mid-July to mid-October 2000. Salmonella strains isolated from clinical laboratories were submitted to a reference laboratory for serotyping, phage-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI restriction endonuclease. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission using a structured questionnaire. A total of 33 cases involving mainly infants and toddlers were detected in the 3-month long outbreak. The outbreak strain was of the R-type ACGSTSu, i.e. resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline and sulphonamide. PFGE showed all isolates had an indistinguishable pattern, indicating a common source of infection. Consumption of imported dried anchovy was found to be the vehicle of transmission after adjusting for all confounding variables in the case-control study using stepwise logistic regression (OR 25.6; 95% CI 3.9-167.9; P = 0.001). Imported dried seafood should be properly processed, packed, labelled, and thoroughly cooked to prevent transmission of multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium.
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PMID:An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium, DT104L linked to dried anchovy in Singapore. 1189 83

Susceptibility of 62 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae to 15 aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones was determined. The isolates originating from 3 intensive care units (neonatal, pediatric, and surgical) and the Department of Infant Internal Medicine of the Children's University Hospital City Center in Munich (Germany) were collected in August 1999, and March and October 2000. Transferability of antibiotic resistance from donors to their E. coli transconjugants was also demonstrated. The majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and azthreonam but they were susceptible to cefepime, meropenem, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The occurrence of beta-lactamases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) was also shown. In August 1999 75% of isolates produced beta-lactamases and 15% ESBL, in March 2000 95% of isolates produced beta-lactamases and 9% ESBL; in October 2000 all isolates produced beta-lactamases and only 5% produced ESBL. Plasmid DNA analysis in randomly chosen isolates and their transconjugants revealed the presence of plasmids ranging from 19 to 136 kb; in the majority of isolates a 120-kb plasmid was observed. Further analysis using restriction endonuclease suggested a dissemination and persistence of an endemic plasmid at all 4 wards of the large pediatric hospital in the City Center of Munich which may be responsible for resistance to beta-lactams among Enterobacteriaceae isolates.
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PMID:Occurrence of endemic plasmids causing beta-lactam resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in children's university hospital in Munich. 1553 13

Cotesia plutellae polydnaviruses (CpBV) has a segmented genome consisting of multiple circular double stranded DNAs. Recently, we have developed an easy, simple, and convenient system based on Tn7 transposition in order to clone genomic segments of CpBV in Escherichia coli cell and designated plasmid capture system (PCS). The PCS donor-S transferred a pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker into CpBV genomic DNA by in vitro transposition. Through PCS system, we were able to clone 53 genomic clones ranging from 0.1 to 25.5 kb and further they were classified into 29 segments by their sizes and restriction endonuclease patterns. Among them, a complete nucleotide sequence of CpBV-S28 segment was determined and 10 putative genes were predicted from this segment. Interestingly, 9 of 10 putative ORFs had high level of similarities with catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase. Also, ORF2807 showed similarity with EP1-like proteins of C. congregata polydnavirus.
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PMID:Genomic segments cloning and analysis of Cotesia plutellae polydnavirus using plasmid capture system. 1589 14


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