Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of glycoprotein B (gB) among different human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) strains was analysed with a panel of three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) derived from mice immunized with U1102-infected lymphocytes. MAb 2D9 reacted specifically by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation with the U1102 and GS isolates, and failed to react with Z29 and the variant B strains Hashimoto and SF. In addition, Z29, Hashimoto and SF gB had a lower M(r) than U1102 and GS gB. MAb 2D9 also failed to react with the exanthem subitum isolate CV, included in this study as an as yet poorly characterized isolate. Consistent with this result, CV failed to react with the variant A-specific MAb to gp82-105 and behaved as a variant B virus even with respect to the diagnostic HindIII endonuclease restriction cleavage site located in a fragment hybridizing to the pZVH14 probe. By contrast with MAb 2D9, MAbs 2B9 and 2D10 reacted with all of the isolates tested, strengthening the argument tha they have common epitopes. Based on the antigenic and M(r) specificities of gB, the HHV-6 isolates tested were arranged into two non-overlapping clusters, which closely parallel the variant A and B strain groups, defined previously by several criteria, including restriction endonuclease polymorphism, antigenic variations, growth in in vitro cultures and sequence analyses.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein B differentiate human herpesvirus 6 into two clusters, variants A and B. 840 48

The varicella zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein H (gH) stimulates VZV-specific immune responses and may be involved in virus penetration. This study reports the genomic map position and the DNA sequence of a simian varicella virus (SVV) homologue of the VZV gH gene. A 32P-labeled VZV gH-specific DNA probe hybridized to the HindIII B subclone of the SVV BamHI B restriction endonuclease (RE) fragment. The DNA sequence of the SVV HindIII B subclone was determined and analysis indicated a SVV open reading frame (ORF) homologous to several herpesvirus gH genes. The SVV gH ORF is 2559 base pairs in size and encodes a 852-amino acid protein. The SVV gH contains characteristics of a transmembrane glycoprotein including: 9 consensus N-linked glycosylation sites, a potential amino terminal signal sequence, and a predicted transmembrane segment located near the carboxyl terminus. The SVV and VZV gH genes exhibit 60.0% identity and the predicted polypeptides exhibit 54.5% identity. The SVV and VZV gH transcripts were analyzed and the promoter regions were compared. 32P-labeled SVV and VZV gH-specific DNA probes each hybridized to a single 2.9 kilobase transcript. The mRNA start sites of the SVV and VZV gH genes were determined by primer extension analysis, and alignment of the promoter regions indicated similar content and arrangement. The extensive conservation of SVV and VZV genes and predicted polypeptides further supports the use of SVV infection of non-human primates as a model of VZV infection of humans.
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PMID:DNA sequence of the simian varicella virus (SVV) gH gene and analysis of the SVV and varicella zoster virus gH transcripts. 854 10

To determine if cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis occurs more frequently in patients infected with certain strains CMV isolates from the blood of 44 patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease were grouped by the DNA sequence or the restriction endonuclease digest pattern of a portion of the glycoprotein B (gB) gene. Forty-two patients (95%) were followed clinically until the development of CMV retinitis or death. Fourteen (78%; 95% confidence interval, 7%-39%) of 26 with isolates belonging to other gB groups developed CMV retinitis (P = .002). Viremia caused by gB group 2 CMV strains is associated with higher risk of CMV retinitis than viremia due to other CMV gB groups. The association of CMV gB gene with retinitis suggests this gene, or one linked to it, is a virulence factor for CMV strains causing infection in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B groups associated with retinitis in AIDS. 865 91

An infectious recombinant human adenovirus which carries the rabies glycoprotein gene and accompanying SV40 control elements can be given orally to skunks to immunize them against rabies. We have looked for adenovirus in the feces and oral fluids of animals that have been given this recombinant and have obtained 111 virus positive samples from 16 test animals. DNA from these virus isolates was examined for possible mutations. One possible insertion mutation was detected by SmaI restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA. Further analysis by HaeIII restriction and nucleotide sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products encompassing the whole SV40-rabies insert revealed that this isolate contained an insert of the 72 base pair sequence found in the SV40 promoter region. A second mutation, in which 54 base pairs were deleted from within the rabies glycoprotein gene, was also detected in two independent isolates from one skunk.
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PMID:Characterization of a human adenovirus 5: rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine reisolated from orally vaccinated skunks. 882 55

The human (h) protein hormones, growth hormone (hGH-N) and prolactin (hPRL), are mainly produced in the pituitary, whereas the human placenta expresses the other four members of the protein hormone gene family, designated placental lactogens (PL-A, PL-B, PL-L) and growth hormone variant (GH-V), GH-N stimulates somatic growth, supports nitrogen-, phosphate- and potassium retention and promotes lipolytic and anabolic metabolism, whereas PRL acts on the mammary gland and induces mammogenesis, lactogenesis and galactopoesis. Both hyperprolactinemia and growth hormone deficiency affect the onset of puberty and reproduction in man and mice. In addition to the glycoprotein hormones, these hormones play a role in the maintenance of testicular function. Our group previously demonstrated eutopic production of glycoprotein hormones hLH (human luteinizing hormone) and hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the testis. We have now extended our investigations to the local testicular expression of protein hormones. By means of the molecular biology techniques of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Southern blot and by restriction endonuclease analyses of the generated PCR products we demonstrated the eutopic expression of genes coding for the protein hormones. GH-N gene transcripts were detected only in the pituitary and abundant PL-A/B and a few GH-V gene transcripts were demonstrable in the placenta. In contrast, in the testis GH/PL and PRL genes are transcribed. Since testicular protein hormone gene expression is rather low, these hormones may act locally and not as systemic factors; they presumably modulate the LH/CG-mediated testosterone biosynthesis and/or may act on the spermatogenesis.
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PMID:[The testis as eutopic production site of human growth hormone, placental lactogen and prolactin: possible autocrine/paracrine effects on testicular function]. 899 85

A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the human glycoprotein hormone common alpha-subunit gene has been identified and partially characterized in normal lymphocytes and placentae, established tumor cell lines, and tumor biopsy samples. High molecular weight DNA was digested with the restriction endonuclease MspI, separated by electrophoresis in agarose gels, transferred to nylon membranes by the method of Southern, and hybridized to 32P-labeled human chorionic gonadotropin alpha-subunit cDNA. After autoradiography, bands were detected at 5.3, 3.3, 2.1, 1.6, 0.8 and 0.6 kbp. Presence of the 5.3, 3.3 and 0.6 kbp bands was invariant and uninformative. Patterns missing the 0.8 kbp band and both the 2.1 and 1.6 kbp bands are consistent with separate alleles that occur in placental and lymphocyte DNA with frequencies of 0.44 (15/34) and 0.06 (2/34), respectively. Presence of all three bands (2.1, 1.6 and 0.8 kbp) is indicative of heterozygosity, occurring at a frequency of 0.50 (17/34). Additional restriction patterns, not yet observed in DNA isolated from term placentae or circulating lymphocytes, were detected in DNA obtained from tumor cell lines and fresh tumor tissues at frequencies of 0.79 (15/19) and 0.59 (10/17), respectively. Thus, particular alpha-subunit genotypes are disproportionately represented in tumor-derived DNA, occurring at frequencies 10- to 13-times higher than would be predicted from their occurrence in normal tissue. Paired normal and tumor tissues from the same individual exhibited identical hybridization patterns, suggesting that this RFLP may be representative of a predisposition toward a variety of neoplasias rather than indicative of a change in DNA structure at or near this locus as a result of tumor development.
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PMID:MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism at the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit locus. Association of certain genotypes with neoplasia. 937 96

African trypanosomes such as Trypanosoma brucei undergo antigenic variation in the bloodstream of their mammalian hosts by regularly changing the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene expressed. The transcribed VSG gene is invariably located in a telomeric expression site. There are multiple expression sites and one way to change the VSG gene expressed is by activating a new site and inactivating the previously active one. The mechanisms that control expression site switching are unknown, but have been suggested to involve epigenetic regulation. We have found previously that VSG genes in silent (but not active) expression sites contain modified restriction endonuclease cleavage sites, and we have presented circumstantial evidence indicating that this is attributable to the presence of a novel modified base beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil, or J. To directly test this, we have generated antisera that specifically recognize J-containing DNA and have used these to determine the precise location of this modified thymine in the telomeric VSG expression sites. By anti J-DNA immunoprecipitations, we found that J is present in telomeric VSG genes in silenced expression sites and not in actively transcribed telomeric VSG genes. J was absent from inactive chromosome-internal VSG genes. DNA modification was also found at the boundaries of expression sites. In the long 50-bp repeat arrays upstream of the promoter and in the telomeric repeat arrays downstream of the VSG gene, J was found both in silent and active expression sites. This suggests that silencing results in a gradient of modification spreading from repetitive DNA flanks into the neighboring expression site sequences. In this paper, we discuss the possible role of J in silencing of expression sites.
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PMID:Localization of the modified base J in telomeric VSG gene expression sites of Trypanosoma brucei. 938 54

Alloimmunization against the platelet alloantigen Br (HPA-5) is the second most common cause of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) in Caucasian populations. We have recently shown that a single-base polymorphism at position 1648 on platelet mRNA coding for GPIa results in an amino acid substitution at position 505 on the mature glycoprotein Ia which is associated with the two serologically defined Br phenotypes. To establish DNA-based genotyping for the Br system we elucidated the genomic organization of the GPIa gene adjacent to the polymorphic base. Using PCR of blood cell DNA we have identified a 144 bp exon encoding the Br polymorphic base. A PCR primer based on the 3' intron sequence of this exon in combination with an exon-primer was used to amplify a 274 bp fragment of the GPIa gene. Restriction analysis using the endonuclease Mnl I leads to a Br-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) which perfectly correlates with serological phenotyping.
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PMID:[Molecular biologic clarification of Br alloantigens in human platelets and its application in DNA typing]. 948 92

Genetic variation in glycoprotein B (gB) may play a role in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pathogenesis. Using restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing, a unique gB genotype was identified in eight HCMV strains isolated from five patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Nucleic acid homology to the four previously described gB genotypes ranged from 79 to 91% for the two major variable regions of gB. Studies of the role of gB in HCMV pathogenesis should recognize the existence of live gB genotypes.
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PMID:A fifth human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotype. 960 5

The S-locus glycoprotein gene, SLG, which participates in the pollen-stigma interaction of self-incompatibility, and its unlinked homologue, SLR1, were analyzed in Raphanus sativus and three self-incompatible ornamental plants in the Brassicaceae. Among twenty-nine inbred lines of R. sativus, eighteen S haplotypes were identified on the basis of DNA polymorphisms detected by genomic Southern analysis using Brassica SLG probes. DNA fragments of SLG alleles specifically amplified from eight S haplotypes by PCR with class I SLG-specific primers showed different profiles following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, after digestion with a restriction endonuclease. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA fragments of these eight R. sativus SLG alleles were determined. Degrees of similarity of the nucleotide sequences to a Brassica SLG (S6SLG) ranged from 85.6% to 91.9%. Amino acid sequences deduced from these had the twelve conserved cysteine residues and the three hypervariable regions characteristic of Brassica SLGs. Phylogenetic analysis of the SLG sequences from Raphanus and Brassica revealed that the Raphanus SLGs did not form an independent cluster, but were dispersed in the tree, clustering together with Brassica SLGs. These results suggest that diversification of the SLG alleles of Raphanus and Brassica occurred before differentiation of these genera. Although SLR1 sequences from Orychophragmus violaceus were shown to be relatively closely related to Brassica and Raphanus SLR1 sequences, DNA fragments that are highly homologous to the Brassica SLG were not detected in this species. Two other ornamental plants in the Brassicaceae, which are related more distantly to Brassica than Orychophragmus, also lacked sequences highly homologous to Brassica SLG genes. The evolution of self-incompatibility in the Brassicaceae is discussed.
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PMID:Polymorphism of the S-locus glycoprotein gene (SLG) and the S-locus related gene (SLR1) in Raphanus sativus L. and self-incompatible ornamental plants in the Brassicaceae. 964 45


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