Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become an important problem with increasing frequency. In order to learn if plasmid pattern analysis can be used in epidemiologic investigations of MRSA infections, the authors did plasmid extractions of 70 MRSA stock isolates using a rapid lysostaphin lysis method. All isolates carried at least one plasmid. Most of the isolates had one large plasmid of 24-28 megadaltons (Md). Many also carried one or two small plasmids. Accordingly, 12 different patterns were identified. From these background results, we applied this method to the investigation of two small nosocomial outbreaks of MRSA infection. It was found that the analysis of plasmid pattern and restriction endonuclease analysis are more discriminative than antibiograms. Strains with the same antibiograms can be different by plasmid analysis. It is concluded that the plasmid pattern with a restriction endonuclease analysis study is a reliable method for epidemiologic study of MRSA infections.
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PMID:Epidemiologic investigation of nosocomial outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by plasmid pattern analysis. 136 72

Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell protein, immunoblotting with normal human serum and restriction endonuclease analysis using Taq I enzyme were applied to 38 clinically significant isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis obtained during a suspected outbreak of nosocomial infection. Each of 18 strains had individual profiles by at least two of the three methods (unique strains). The remaining 20 strains were assigned to five groups (A-E) on the basis of similarity by at least two of the three methods. Isolates within groups A, D and E were homologous by all three methods. Immunoblot groups B and C had two distinct whole cell protein profiles (B1 and B2) but indistinguishable restriction endonuclease profiles (group B/C). This emphasizes the need to use more than one technique in characterizing strains from suspected outbreaks of nosocomial infection. Grouped strains were more likely to originate from the same hospital ward than unique strains and were associated with a significantly longer median time from patient admission to strain isolation (14 versus 3.5 days, p less than 0.005). Furthermore, the beta-lactamase activity was homologous within the groups. The results suggest that nosocomial infection involving several distinct Moraxella catarrhalis strains persisted over a period of months, involving at least 20 patients on three different wards. Such infection is probably common in wards harbouring suitably predisposed patients. The mode of transmission remains to be elucidated, but the above three techniques possess sufficient reproducibility and discriminatory ability to constitute suitable investigative tools.
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PMID:Use of molecular methods to characterize Moraxella catarrhalis strains in a suspected outbreak of nosocomial infection. 139 49

Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole-cell proteins (WCP), immunoblot analysis and DNA restriction-endonuclease analysis (REA) were applied as potential typing methods to 31 clinically significant strains of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, five of which came from a suspected outbreak of nosocomial infection in a respiratory-diseases ward. Twelve of 31 isolates were placed in four groups, each of which contained strains indistinguishable by the three typing techniques used. Each of a further two groups contained two strains, and they were similar by at least one technique; the remaining 15 strains were unique by all three methods. Four of five strains from the suspected outbreak were indistinguishable by SDS-PAGE of WCP, immunoblotting and REA. Results show that SDS-PAGE of WCP, immunoblotting and REA are suitable techniques for characterising M. catarrhalis and that there is a considerable degree of strain heterogeneity. Nosocomial infection with M. catarrhalis may be relatively common and further epidemiological studies with a combination of typing techniques are indicated.
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PMID:Characterisation of hospital isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis by SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, immunoblotting and restriction-endonuclease analysis. 162 19

Total cell DNA of 14 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from patients of an intensive care unit (ICU) and 180 unrelated strains was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). EcoRI-generated DNA fragments were either subjected to conventional REA on agarose gels and stained with ethidium bromide or separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualised by silver staining (SF-REA). Both methods were compared for inter-strain discriminatory ability, reproducibility and handling. All DNA-cleavage patterns of unrelated strains clearly differed from each other when subjected to SF-REA. In contrast, all S. aureus isolates from the ICU gave identical restriction fragment patterns. These findings supported the suspicion of nosocomial infection in these patients. Conventional REA proved the identity of the ICU isolates, but it failed to differentiate between some of the unrelated strains. Therefore SF-REA of total cell DNA seemed to be superior. It has proved to be a very useful technique for studying the epidemiology of S. aureus in hospitals.
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PMID:Application of small fragment restriction endonuclease analysis (SF-REA) to the epidemiological fingerprinting of Staphylococcus aureus. 170 Jan 27

We compared the epidemiological markers of 13 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from an adult inpatient during a febrile episode and 23 S. epidermidis strains isolated during a presumptive outbreak of nosocomial infection in a neonatal ward. The total DNA restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) was processed along with the following conventional markers: biotyping, serotyping, phage typing, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and plasmid profiles. The REA method was reproducible, giving stable results both in vitro and in vivo. For the hospitalized adult patient, the conventional markers of the 13 strains were concordant and the restriction profiles were identical. Five restriction groups were demonstrated during the course of the outbreak. Within two of the groups, the identities of all of the markers were used to verify whether all of the isolates belonged to the same cell clone. In a third group, combined analysis of the conventional markers and REA had to be used to demonstrate isolate similarity. On the other hand, in another group, none of the markers were similar; interpretation was not easy. An epidemiological study of S. epidermidis infections in hospitals must take into account all of the epidemiological markers: biotypes, serotypes, phage types, antibiograms, plasmid profiles, and REA.
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PMID:Restriction endonuclease analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis DNA may be a useful epidemiological marker. 305 76

Antibiotic multiresistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from outbreaks of nosocomial infection throughout Australia were found to possess essentially similar patterns of antibiotic resistance. Plasmid DNA profiles from these isolates exhibited a common pattern of large plasmids, of (15-22) X 10(6) mol. wt, associated with resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin and tobramycin, plasmids of 3 X 10(6) mol. wt, mediating resistance to chloramphenicol, and cryptic plasmids of 1 X 10(6) mol. wt. Restriction endonuclease digestion confirmed the presence of related plasmids in isolates from all the hospitals that were surveyed. The homogeneity of these organisms suggests the dissemination of a multiresistant, plasmid-bearing strain of S. aureus, or its derivatives, among geographically-separated hospitals in Australia.
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PMID:Molecular epidemiology of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus in Australian hospitals. 631 4

16s and 23s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes were amplified form E. coli, labelled with [alpha- 32P] dATP by nick translation, and applied as conserved gene probes to detecting broad-spectrum rDNA. rDNA fingerprinting analysis of Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) isolated form an outbreak of nosocomial infection and other hospital environmental sources was conducted with digestion by different restrictive endonuclease, such as Hind III, EcoRI, BamHI, Bgl I, et al. Results showed rDNA fingerprinting of E. cloacae strains isolated from 10 patients with nosocomial infection was the same as that from other sources. It suggested E. cloacae causing this outbreak was originated from one genetic clone, and its source of infection was the tubes and humidifying bottles for oxygenation. rDNA fingerprinting technique is accurate, reliable, specific and repeatable, and will plays important roles in identification and classification of bacteria, tracking the source of transmission of nosocomial infection.
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PMID:[Ribosomal DNA fingerprinting analysis of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from an outbreak of nosocomial infection]. 784 91

We conducted a retrospective review of nosocomial outbreak investigations conducted by the Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from January 1991 through March 1994. Selected outbreaks have demonstrated the utility of molecular methods such as plasmid analysis, plasmid restriction endonuclease analysis, ribotyping, restriction fragment polymorphism, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and polymerase chain reaction in confirming the clonality of the outbreak and in confirming the source of the outbreak implicated in the epidemiologic investigation. These data show that molecular typing of isolates is particularly useful when combined with epidemiologic investigations of nosocomial outbreaks.
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PMID:Usefulness of molecular epidemiology for outbreak investigations. 775 17

Hospital-acquired infections in the United States contribute to approximately 80,000 deaths per year, with an associated cost of > $4 billion. Some of these infections are associated with outbreaks and clusters occurring within the hospital. The hospital infection control team must respond quickly and decisively to recognize and curtail these outbreaks, but their response often depends on critical laboratory data that characterize or "fingerprint" suspected microbial isolates. This presentation summarizes the simple, easily performed tests and the more molecular approaches that a hospital laboratory may take in support of infection control efforts. In addition to phenotypic data, such as biotype and antibiograms, hospitals that elect to incorporate molecular protocols should limit their first experiences to plasmid analysis and plasmid restriction endonuclease profiles.
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PMID:Molecular technology for hospital epidemiology. 846 29

Isolates from three different Staphylococcus aureus populations were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of total DNA digested with the endonuclease SmaI. The populations were: community S. aureus isolates collected at random from healthy individuals (38 isolates); methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) type strains involved in separate outbreaks of infection in Melbourne (1982) and Canberra (1990) (two isolates); and a collection of clinical methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) causing hospital infection (20 isolates). RFLPs with CspI and SmaI and hybridisation analyses of both, showed that the community and the MSSA isolates were not genetically closely related, and, accordingly, they could not be grouped into clusters as seen with the MRSA types. However, a few MSSA isolates were found to be closely related to each other and appeared to be similar to the standard strain S. aureus 8325-4 and to some MRSA types. Although there was substantial variability between the three groups, physical mapping with genomic DNA fragments from the standard strain S. aureus 8325-4 to probe large fragments generated with CspI and SmaI from the chromosomes of selected community and MRSA isolates, demonstrated a well conserved genome organisation between representative isolates from the three groups.
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PMID:Genome organisation of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different populations. 912 93


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