Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three previously reported beta-lactamase-producing (Bla+) enterococci with distinct but related antibiotic resistance phenotypes, plasmid profiles, and plasmid restriction endonuclease digestion patterns were isolated at the West Haven Veterans Administration Medical Center in Connecticut (WH245, WH257, WH571) in July 1986 and March 1987. In this study, we analyzed the whole-cell DNA of these isolates by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large chromosomal fragments generated by SmaI digestion. The three West Haven isolates showed very similar chromosomal restriction endonuclease digestion patterns; these patterns were distinct from those of Bla+ and Bla- enterococci from other geographic areas and from those of other West Haven enterococci, suggesting an endemic Bla+ strain at this institution. Clinical information regarding these isolates suggests that exposure to the genitourinary clinic, obstructive urinary tract disease, and frequent antibiotic therapy may have been common risk factors for acquisition of this endemic strain.
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PMID:Epidemiology of an endemic strain of beta-lactamase-producing Enterococcus faecalis. 177 57

A category of viruses has been identified which is related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but is more closely related to a group of simian retroviruses (STLV-III). These viruses named HTLV-IV, LAV-II, or SBL-6669, are prevalent in West-Africa. In this study, we analysed the cross-reactivity at the protein level between HTLV-IV and HIV (HTLV-IIIB). The results indicate that most people infected with HTLV-IV have antibodies that react to the major gag protein of HIV p 24. There is also a high degree of immunologic cross-reactivity between the pol gene products of HIV and HTLV-IV. Among these the endonuclease/integrase is more conserved than the reverse transcriptase. In contrast, the envelope glycoproteins that are the most frequently detected antigens by antibodies from exposed individuals are serotype specific. These data make the env gene products the most interesting antigens for serotype specific diagnosis of human retroviruses infections.
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PMID:A STLV-III related human retrovirus, HTLV-IV: analysis of cross-reactivity with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 244 14

Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA was undertaken in blood samples from individuals who were normal (110), had sickle cell trait (44) and homozygous sickle cell disease (6) from the tribal populations of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and southern Rajasthan. DNA was prepared from all the blood samples and processed for restriction enzyme digestion, agarose electrophoresis, prehybridization, Nick-translation hybridization and autoradiography. A polymorphic HpaI restriction endonuclease recognition site on the 3' side of the beta-globin gene was used to analyse to determine the beta-globin gene mutant S. It was found that mutation has resulted within the normal 7.6 Kb HpaI fragment among the tribal populations studied. On comparing the results with those from Middle East and East Africa it appears that the sickle gene mutation in India, Saudi Arabia and Kenya arose separately from that in West Africa.
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PMID:Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA in sickle cell lesions among tribals of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat & Rajasthan. 257 21

Patients with sickle cell anemia vary in the hematologic and clinical features of their disease, in part because of variability in the presence of linked and unlinked genes that modify the expression of the disease. The hemoglobin S gene is strongly linked to three different haplotypes of polymorphic endonuclease-restriction sites of the beta-like gene cluster (genes in the vicinity of the beta-globin gene)--one prevalent in Atlantic West Africa, another in central West Africa, and yet another in Bantu-speaking Africa (equatorial, East, and southern Africa). We have studied the differences in the hematologic characteristics of patients with sickle cell anemia from the first two geographical areas. We find that the Senegalese (Atlantic West Africa) patients have higher levels of hemoglobin F, a preponderance of G gamma chains in hemoglobin F, a lower proportion of very dense red cells, and a lower percentage of irreversibly sickled cells than those from Benin (central West Africa). We interpret these data to mean that the gamma-chain composition and the hemoglobin F level are haplotype linked and that the decrease in the percentage of dense cells and irreversibly sickled cells is secondary to the elevation in the hemoglobin F level. Patients with sickle cell anemia in the New World probably correspond to various combinations of these types, in addition to the still hematologically undefined haplotype associated with sickle cell anemia in the Bantu-speaking areas of Africa.
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PMID:Hematologically and genetically distinct forms of sickle cell anemia in Africa. The Senegal type and the Benin type. 257 36

The resolution of Holliday junctions in DNA involves specific cleavage at or close to the site of the junction. A nuclease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cleaves model Holliday junctions in vitro by the introduction of nicks in regions of duplex DNA adjacent to the crossover point. In previous studies [Parsons and West (1988) Cell, 52, 621-629] it was shown that cleavage occurred within homologous arm sequences with precise symmetry across the junction. In contrast, junctions with heterologous arm sequences were cleaved asymmetrically. In this work, we have studied the effect of sequence changes and base modification upon the site of cleavage. It is shown that the specificity of cleavage is unchanged providing that perfect homology is maintained between opposing arm sequences. However, in the absence of homology, cleavage depends upon sequence context and is affected by minor changes such as base modification. These data support the proposed mechanism for cleavage of a Holliday junction, which requires homologous alignment of arm sequences in an enzyme--DNA complex as a prerequisite for symmetrical cleavage by the yeast endonuclease.
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PMID:Resolution of model Holliday junctions by yeast endonuclease: effect of DNA structure and sequence. 265 10

The structure of the rDNA repeating unit of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) was determined by restriction endonuclease mapping and hybridization analyses on four independent clones obtained from a genomic library of a colony (G3) from the Gambia (West Africa). rDNA gene coding sequences are conserved, but much intragenomic and intraspecific (geographic) variation occurs in the intergenic spacer. Hybridization of subclones from spacer and coding sequences to genomic DNA that was isolated from single mosquitoes from laboratory colonies of four other A. gambiae complex species reveals conservation of coding sequences but concerted evolution in the intergenic spacers.
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PMID:Structure of rDNA in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and rDNA sequence variation within and between species of the A. gambiae complex. 272 57

Two families, one of Anglo-Saxon-Dutch descent, and the other, West Indian black, have an atypical beta thalassemia characterized by an unusually high level of Hb A2 in the heterozygous state. Restriction endonuclease mapping showed a deletion of about 1.35 kilobase (kb) in the 5' region of the beta globin gene. Direct sequencing of a specific region of genomic DNA amplified by a new modification of the polymerase chain reaction defined the deletion to be 1,393 base pairs (bp) and to be the same in both families. The deletion extends from 485 bp 5' to the mRNA CAP site to the middle of the second intervening sequence. This deletion, together with three others previously described that remove the 5' end of the beta gene but leave the delta gene intact, are all associated with unusually high levels of Hb A2 in the heterozygous state.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of a high A2 beta thalassemia by direct sequencing of single strand enriched amplified genomic DNA. 292 Feb 14

We have used DNA probes for the human insulin gene and apolipoprotein C-II (apo C-II) gene to determine the extent of allelic variation in different ethnic groups. The distribution of an apo C-II DNA polymorphism revealed by the restriction endonuclease Taq I showed no significant variation amongst racial groups; in contrast, an insulin gene-related DNA polymorphism showed marked variability. In Japanese, Chinese, and Asian Indian groups there was an increased frequency of homozygosity for the class 1 allele compared to Caucasian groups (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.01, and P less than 0.05, respectively). In Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, and Asian Indian groups no class 2 allele was observed; but in the Negroid populations (African and West Indian) the class 2 allele frequencies were 0.23 and 0.25 respectively. Possible reasons for this variation in allele distribution are considered in relation to disease associations.
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PMID:Allelic variation adjacent to the human insulin and apolipoprotein C-II genes in different ethnic groups. 299 71

Viral DNA was extracted from each of 14 modified-live (ML) bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccines, representing all of the ML infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) vaccines licensed by the US Department of Agriculture for use in cattle. Restriction endonucleases Pst I and Bgl II were used to establish restriction enzyme patterns for the vaccinal viruses. Viral DNA from isolates obtained from 6 field samples of IBRV (1 from Colorado, 1 from West Virginia, 3 from Wisconsin, 1 from South Dakota) were digested with restriction endonucleases, and patterns were compared to evaluate the role of vaccinal virus in these field epizootics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Animals from which field samples were obtained had been vaccinated with ML IBRV vaccine before the epizootic of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis occurred in the herds. In 2 of the 6 field samples, DNA restriction endonuclease analyses patterns from the isolates were indistinguishable from the pattern for the vaccinal viruses used. In the remaining 4 field samples, DNA restriction endonuclease analyses patterns of the IBRV from isolates were different from those of the vaccinal viruses.
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PMID:Investigation of possible vaccine-induced epizootics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, using restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. 301 92

The present studies were initiated to define the coding region of a 34 kilodalton (kd) protein (p34) frequently observed with antibodies from HTLV-III/LAV-infected people by immunoblotting and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) techniques. We have directly mapped this viral protein to the pol gene of HTLV-III/LAV by radiolabeled amino acid sequence analysis. This region at the 3' end of the pol gene is predicted to encode the endonuclease/integrase of the virus. The seroprevalence rate of antibodies to the pol gene products p64 and p53 and to the endonuclease p34 were evaluated. Of 161 HTLV-III/LAV seropositive people tested by immunoblotting procedures, greater than 98% had antibodies which reacted to p64/p53 and 92.6% reacted to p34 indicating that these viral proteins are highly immunogenic in nature. We have also analyzed the serum of nine healthy people living in West Africa who were infected with HTLV-IV, a closely related retrovirus. Nine of nine seropositive people had antibodies that cross-reacted to p34 of HTLV-III/LAV, whereas only seven of nine reacted to p64/p53. These studies and our earlier observations indicate that current diagnostic procedures for screening for HTLV-III/LAV infection may also detect HTLV-IV seropositive individuals, pointing to a need for more specific assay systems.
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PMID:Immunogenic nature of a Pol gene product of HTLV-III/LAV. 302 60


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