Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
 18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A national outbreak of salmonellosis caused by a rare serotype occurred between July and November 1989. A total of 40 cases of Salmonella manchester infection were identified by the PHLS Division of Enteric Pathogens with a further 7 cases reported from Scotland. The median age of those affected was one year. All strains from the outbreak carried a 70mDal plasmid with a distinctive restriction endonuclease. A statistical association was found between infection and consumption of nationally distributed savoury corn snacks. Samples of autolysed yeast powder and flavourings used in the manufacture of many processed foods were also found to be positive for S. manchester.
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PMID:A national outbreak of salmonellosis from yeast flavoured products. 166 64

A genetic probe encoding a virulence gene from Salmonella typhimurium was useful in the detection of Salmonella from feces during an outbreak of salmonellosis at a local dairy. A 3.2-kb BamHI restriction endonuclease fragment of the S. typhimurium virulence plasmid, pStSR100, has been useful as a DNA probe for both detection of Salmonella sp. and characterization of virulence plasmids from numerous field isolates. This virA probe hybridizes to a highly conserved gene carried on the large virulence plasmids of invasive Salmonella isolates. Colony blots prepared from feces directly plated onto MaConkey's agar failed to detect low numbers of Salmonella sp. However, hybridization of the VirA probe to vacuum blots or colony blots prepared from feces in tetrathionate enrichment broth incubated for 16 hours at 37 C was effective for detecting Salmonella sp. and resulted in an 85.9% correlation with culture results. The probe also demonstrated the highly conserved nature (96%) of the virulence gene among S. cholerae-suis isolate plasmids detected using Southern blot analysis.
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PMID:Use of a Salmonella typhimurium-derived virulence probe in the detection of Salmonella sp. and in the characterization of S. cholerae-suis virulence plasmids. 191 92

The virulence-associated plasmid pEX102 of Salmonella typhimurium line TML R66 was tagged with the transposon Tn5 and the virulence of the mutants obtained was assayed in the mouse salmonellosis model. Out of 36 independent insertion mutants tested two isolates had clearly reduced virulence in (CBA x C57B1/6)F1 mice. The corresponding Tn5 elements were positioned on the restriction endonuclease map of pEX102 and found to be some 4 kilobases apart (kb) on the 96 kb virulence plasmid.
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PMID:Localization by insertion mutagenesis of a virulence-associated region on the Salmonella typhimurium 96 kilobase pair plasmid. 254 7

Among 130 strains of S. typhimurium and 191 strains of S. dublin, all from cattle, 80% and 63%, respectively, were resistant to one, two or three antibiotics. Mono-resistance to sulphonamides was most common. Plasmid load was analysed by conjugation, transformation, extraction of plasmid DNA and subsequent electrophoresis in agarose gels. Plasmid DNA from 38 strains was further analysed by restriction with endonuclease EcoR1. On the basis of this, the strains were classified into four groups. Two groups held S. typhimurium, one held S. dublin and one group held both serotypes. This suggests that dissemination of strains and plasmids mainly occurs through clonal spread of strains. However, plasmid transfer per se also takes place, as exemplified by the fact that indistinguishable plasmids were found in two different serotypes. Strains of one group had contaminated a water-course. Strains of this group were furthermore isolated from humans in the same area as the infected cattle. Strains of this group had an R pattern and a phage-type similar to the R pattern and phage-type of the early isolates of a strain that became epidemic in British cattle. It is discussed whether Denmark, which was previously almost free of cattle salmonellosis, is experiencing the first warnings of an epidemic similar to the one in the UK.
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PMID:Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella dublin in Danish cattle. 630 49

S. typhimurium isolates obtained during a large outbreak of human salmonellosis associated with smoked mackerels in the Czech Republic as well as strains of S. typhimurium isolated from black headed gull (Larus ridibundus) were examined following biotyping, phage typing, plasmid profiling and restriction endonuclease analysis (Eco RI, Hind III and Bam HI) of plasmid DNA. The epidemic strain of S. typhimurium and two isolates from environment of nesting colony black-headed gull were meso-inositol and L-rhamnose negative, phage type 141. The isolates from human and environment of nesting colony were found to share the same plasmid profile and REA.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the plasmid profile of inositol- and rhamnose- negative strains of Salmonella typhimurium]. 771 66

Isolates of Salmonella choleraesuis serotype ohio (S. ohio) recovered during an outbreak of equine neonatal salmonellosis on a Thoroughbred farm were compared with isolates of the same serotype from various animal, feed and environmental sources. Biochemical profiles, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, phage susceptibility, plasmid profiles, restriction endonuclease analysis and ribotyping were used to compare relatedness of the strains. A total of 46 outbreak and non-outbreak associated isolates of S. ohio were studied. Differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, phage susceptibility and plasmid profiles were useful for differentiating outbreak isolates from other equine isolates as well as bovine, porcine and some poultry isolates. Feed and other poultry isolates, most in geographic proximity to the outbreak, were indistinguishable from outbreak isolates by any of the methods employed. Investigative studies on the farm along with results of genotypic and phenotypic analysis of isolates suggested that contaminated feed was the most likely source of Salmonella in this outbreak.
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PMID:Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of Salmonella strains associated with an outbreak of equine neonatal salmonellosis. 774 Jul 53

Analysis of chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to investigate an outbreak of human salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) involving more than 500 registered human cases. The outbreak had been tentatively traced back to a single pig slaughterhouse. A total of 135 isolates from various sources produced 21 different PFGE patterns with the restriction endonuclease XbaI. All human isolates from the outbreak belonged to a single type, the 'EPI-type', whereas human isolates recovered before and after the outbreak belonged to several different types. All isolates investigated from the suspect pig slaughterhouse and its supplier pig herds belonged to the EPI-type. Isolates from pork from the central meat market in Copenhagen, which received most of the carcasses from the suspect slaughterhouse, also belonged to the EPI-type. This was furthermore, the case for isolates from beef from the same market, indicating that cross-contamination had taken place. All isolates from pork and some, but not all, isolates from beef, collected in butchers' shops during the outbreak belonged to the EPI-type. The typing results supported that the outbreak was a common source outbreak, probably originating from a limited number of supplier pig herds supplying animals to a single slaughterhouse.
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PMID:Investigation of an outbreak of human salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Infantis by use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis. 888 Mar 33

The intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, is able to proliferate in phagocytes, although reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates are lethal to most phagocytosed bacteria. To determine whether repair of oxidatively damaged DNA is involved in S. typhimurium intramacrophage proliferation, null mutants of the DNA base excision repair (BER) system were generated. These mutants were deficient in discrete enzymes (Deltanth, Deltanei, Deltaxth, Deltanfo) or in the defined glycosylase (Deltanth/nei) and endonuclease (Deltaxth/nfo) steps. In this study, S. typhimurium BER mutants are characterized for the first time. In vitro characterization of the Salmonella BER mutants revealed phenotypes that are mostly consistent with characterized Escherichia coli BER mutants. These strains were used to evaluate the role of BER in the context of Salmonella virulence. S. typhimurium Deltaxth and Deltaxth/nfo were significantly impaired for survival in both cultured and primary macrophages activated with interferon (IFN)-gamma. Survival of Deltaxth and Deltaxth/nfo was improved nearly to wild-type levels in activated primary macrophages lacking both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In the murine typhoid fever model, Deltanth/nei was fivefold attenuated and Deltaxth/nfo was 12-fold attenuated compared with wild type. These data indicate that DNA oxidation is a mechanism that macrophages use to damage intracellular Salmonella, and suggest that BER-mediated repair of this damage may be important in the establishment of Salmonella infection. We speculate that adaptation to a pathogenic lifestyle may influence the acquisition and retention of redundant BER enzymes.
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PMID:The role of DNA base excision repair in the pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 1267 11