Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
 18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The reverse transcriptase polymerase of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus has been cloned into an expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. Two polypeptides of 66 and 51 kDa molecular mass are detectable in polymerase-expressing bacterial lysates with human patient sera. They are processed from a short-lived 120-kDa polyprotein precursor equivalent to a region consisting of polymerase, protease, and endonuclease. The 51 kDa protein appears to originate from the 66-kDa molecule; additional processing products are 32- and 15-kDa proteins. The bacterially expressed polymerase is enzymatically active and exhibits the template specificities, ion requirements, and response to inhibitors of the authentic enzyme. It was purified by DEAE-cellulose-, phosphocellulose-, and poly(rC)-agarose column chromatography followed by glycerol density gradient centrifugation. It copurifies with an RNase H activity, suggesting the existence of a virus-coded DNA polymerase-RNase H complex. The purified bacterial enzyme allows a safe large-scale screening for inhibitors of both activities.
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PMID:RNase H activity associated with bacterially expressed reverse transcriptase of human T-cell lymphotropic virus III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus. 244 62

Three isolates of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus (lymphadenopathy-associated virus, human T cell lymphotropic virus strain III, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus) were compared with simian AIDS virus by thin section transmission electron microscopy. Simian AIDS virus was found to form intracytoplasmic A particles and to bud by both ring forms and crescent shapes. The extracellular mature simian AIDS virus exhibited a cylindrical nucleoid within a tubular or conical core shell. The simian AIDS virus was morphologically indistinguishable from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, the prototype D type retrovirus, although the two were readily distinguished by radioimmunoassay and restriction endonuclease mapping. All three AIDS virus isolates exhibited identical ultrastructure and maturation sequences. The AIDS viruses did not form intracytoplasmic A particles and budded only with crescent-shaped nucleoids. Mature extracellular AIDS viruses contained an eccentric spherical nucleoid within a conical or tubular core shell. AIDS virus was found to show many morphologic features of the retroviral subfamily Lentivirinae. The AIDS virus isolates appear to form a new group of retroviruses.
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PMID:Ultrastructural comparison of the retroviruses associated with human and simian acquired immunodeficiency syndromes. 299 55

A population of individuals with a high incidence of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), due most likely to oro-genital contact, was examined to determine the incidence of oral herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from the oral cavity of 43 college students whose symptoms ranged from singular lesions of the lips with minimal discomfort to severe oral disease with systemic involvement resulting in lymphadenopathy, chills, sweat, myalgia, and fever. The virus isolated from each case was identified by serum neutralization and typed as HSV-1 or HSV-2 using (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) sensitivity, monoclonal antibody immunofluorescence, and restriction endonuclease EcoRI digestion of viral DNA. In every instance the isolate was HSV-1. Additional identification and typing of head and neck isolates as well as oral samples from non-university patients demonstrated that all were also HSV-1. Therefore, while HSV-1 appears to be readily transmitted to the genitalia in this group of individuals, the transmission of HSV-2 to the oral cavity may not be as common, even though clinical histories revealed that several of these patients were engaging in oro-genital contact.
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PMID:Lack of oral HSV-2 in a college student population. 299 98

Retroviruses cause a wide variety of diseases in avian and mammalian species. Human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) leads to collapse of the immune system and death by a wide variety of opportunistic infections; unusual forms of cancer are associated with this syndrome. Retroviruses have been recovered from tissues of AIDS patients and from patients with related conditions. These similar newly-isolated viruses are lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-III) and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV-2). We have identified a RNA genome of approximately 9 kilobases (kb) in virions purified from the culture medium of a human T-cell tumour line infected with ARV-2. A cDNA probe made from viral RNA detected circular DNA molecules and proviral forms in infected cells. We prepared a library of infected cell DNA. Recombinant phage included those with a 9.5-kb proviral DNA and viral DNA permuted with respect to the single EcoRI site. Comparison of three ARV isolates from different AIDS patients revealed polymorphism of restriction endonuclease sites.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of AIDS-associated retrovirus. 609 18

In Holstein cattle, an inherited disease has been recognized recently in which leukocytes lack surface glycoproteins termed beta 2 integrins, which are important in cell adhesion processes. This disease is the homologue of leukocyte adhesion deficiency in human beings and has been termed bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency. The molecular basis of this disease is failure to produce normal CD18. The gene encoding bovine CD18 and its abnormal mutation have been sequenced, allowing specific diagnosis of the condition by DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction followed by specific endonuclease digestion. This test was applied to formalin-fixed archival tissues from 18 cattle that had been admitted to the veterinary medical teaching hospital between 1975 and 1991 and that had had persistent and severe neutrophilia. Blood samples were collected from 2 additional cattle, and leukocytes from these samples also were tested. Fourteen cattle were confirmed to have been homozygous for the bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency gene. Cattle with this condition had ranged in age from 2 weeks to 8 months at admission. They typically had had chronic bacterial infections that had failed to respond to or had recurred after conventional treatment. Consistent findings in these cattle included signs of bronchopneumonia, gingivitis, periodontitis, and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Severe neutrophilia, usually without a left shift, was a hallmark of the disease; consistent clinical biochemical findings included hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and hypoglycemia. This disease is important because it mimics common calfhood diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea, but is ultimately consistently fatal before adulthood.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of leukocyte adhesion deficiency in cattle: 14 cases (1977-1991). 809 42

In this review, we discuss the possible relationship between the clinical characteristics and the integration patterns of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATL). Some ATL patients show unusual integration patterns such as multiple or defective HTLV-I and have clinical characteristics unlike those of most ATL patients who have the characteristic integration pattern of one complete provirus. Multiple HTLV-I integrations can be detected as two or more bands using the standard Southern blotting method when the tumor cellular DNA is digested with an endonuclease that does not cleave within the provirus. This includes cases of one tumor cell clone carrying two or more copies of the provirus, or alternatively two or more cell clones, each carrying one copy of the provirus. The former group of patients always manifest severe dyspnea and hypoxemia with unusual organ infiltrations including the retina and muscle and an extremely aggressive clinical course. On the other hand, the latter group of patients have an indolent course with skin lesions or small T lymphocytes with cleaved or lobulated nuclei. A solitary defective HTLV-I in some ATL patients can be detected as one smaller band after digestion of cellular DNA with an endonuclease that does not cleave within the provirus. These patients generally have a favourable clinical course with small cleaved or bilobulated T lymphocytes without lymphadenopathy or skin lesions. These findings suggest that there are clinical implications for the integration patterns of HTLV-I and this may be one of the explanations for the heterogeneous behaviour of the disease. Such studies may provide information on the relationship between virus integration and the clinical manifestations and also improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ATL.
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PMID:Clinical implication of the integration patterns of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I proviral DNA in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. 862 58

Dengue is an acute infectious disease of viral etiology characterized by lymphadenopathy, leucopenia, headache, biphasic fever, pain in various parts of the body, rashes, and extreme physical weakness. It is a vector-borne disease caused by a positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Dengue inflicts a significant health, economic, and social burden on populations of endemic areas. Dengue virus is transmitted to humans by the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Vaccines against dengue viruses have been claimed to be developed, but as yet no effective treatment is available. Alternative therapeutic strategies to overcome this disease and its spread are direly needed. A traditional sterile insect technique (SIT) harms the health of male insects, leading to their reduced ability to compete for wild-type female insects for breeding. Oxitec (Abingdon, UK) has developed genetically modified (GM) strains of A. aegypti via the release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL) strategy. RIDL male mosquitoes offer a resolution to many of the limitations of traditional SIT, which has resulted in reduced application of SIT in mosquitoes. The technique using RIDL mosquitoes is considered to be ecologically friendly and specific. Homing endonuclease genes, also called selfish genes, can also be used in genetic modification methods in such a way that the vector population and its competency can be reduced. GM mosquitoes carrying a gene that transcribes RNA interference can also be crucial to control expression of RNA viruses. The RNA virus interference pathway is one of the most critical components of the innate immune system of insects that can frustrate a variety of RNA viruses such as Flaviviruses. Here, we summarize and focus on alternative techniques used to control dengue spread.
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PMID:Genetically Modified Aedes aegypti to Control Dengue: A Review. 2928 27