Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
 18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A DNA sequencing technique was applied to the highly reiterated DNA from HeLa S3 cells in order to detect DNA damage induced by the antitumor drug, 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU). A DNA reiterated fragment of 92 base pairs (bp) was isolated by gel electrophoresis after EcoRI and EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion. In the defined sequence of the 92 bp fragment, ACNU caused damage and modifications primarily at guanine moieties, leading to alkali-labile sites as determined by subsequent piperidine reaction on an extended Maxam-Gilbert sequencing gel. These results indicate that guanine moieties in double-stranded DNA are preferentially vulnerable to ACNU over other base moieties.
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PMID:Detection of DNA sites damaged by 1-(4-amino-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) using a DNA sequencing procedure. 348 78

17- and 20-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides and their analogues, containing one to four phosphate groups esterified with ethyl alcohol in different positions of oligonucleotide chain, were synthesized by modified triester method. Ethylated di- and trinucleotide blocks were prepared by transesterification method from chlorophenyl derivatives. The structures of the oligonucleotides were confirmed by Maxam-Gilbert sequencing method. Oligonucleotides were not totally complementary to the N-terminal region of lac Z'gene (coding for N-terminal fragment of beta-galactosidase) of phage M13mpB DNA and induced the formation of the proposed deletion mutant DNA M13mp1 delta T. Phosphotriester analogues were more effective mutagens as compared to phosphodiester oligonucleotides due to their stability to nucleases. The use of E. coli DNA-polymerase I provided the increase in the mutant yields in case of the phosphotriester analogues. The stability of the analogues to 5'----3'----5'-endonuclease action, the specificity of oligonucleotide: DNA binding and the structure of mutant DNA were studied by the Sanger sequencing method.
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PMID:[Site-localized mutagenesis directed by phosphotriester analogs of oligonucleotides]. 377 34

A type of highly repeated DNA sequences present in the genome of Vicia faba was detected by digestion its nuclear DNA with FokI endonuclease and fractionating the digests on polyacrylamide gels. Four fragments of 59, 108, 177 and 246 bp of the FokI repeated sequences were collected from the gels and their primary structures were determined by the method of Maxam and Gilbert. These repeated DNA sequences were shown to be a multiple tandem array of a 59 bp sequence element. And its nucleotide sequence was almost completely conserved among all the sequence members of each the size class and also among these classes. This sequence element consists of a duplet of an about the duplet has an incomplete dyad symmetrical structure.
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PMID:Sequence analysis of Vicia faba repeated DNA, the FokI repeat element. 608 13

A site specific endonuclease with novel specificity has been isolated from Thermus thermophilus strain 111 and named Tth111I. Tth111I cleaves lambda DNA into three fragments of 23.5, 25.7 and 50.8% of the total length, and ColE1 DNA into two fragments of nearly equal length. The sequences around Tth111I cleavage sites of ColE1 and lambda DNA were determined by the Maxam and Gilbert method and the two dimensional mapping method. The results suggest that Tth111I recognizes the DNA sequence (formula: see text) and cleaves the site as indicated by the arrows. Assuming that the first T.A pair in the sequence can be replaced for any base pair, the Tth111I recognition sequence has the symmetry with the two-fold axis as most type II restriction endonucleases do.
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PMID:A spite specific endonuclease from thermus thermophilus 111, Tth111I. 624 79

Alkylation interference and protection methods (Siebenlist, U., and Gilbert, W., (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 122-126) have been utilized to deduce potential DNA contacts involved in specific complex formation between Eco RI endonuclease and its recognition sequence. The endonuclease protected the N7 position (major groove) of the dG and the N3 position (minor groove) of both dA residues within the Eco RI sequence against alkylation by dimethylsulfate, d(GpApApTpTpC), suggesting the presence of poly-peptide in both grooves in the vicinity of affected nitrogens. Results of methylation interference analysis suggest that the N7 of the Eco RI site dG and the N3 of the central dA, d(GpApApTpTpC), are utilized as contacts by the enzyme. The failure to observe interference upon methylation of the 5'-penultimate dA within the sequence implies that the endonuclease does not bond to the N3 of this residue, despite the fact that it is protected against alkylation by the protein. Ethylation interference patterns suggest four major phosphate contacts between endonuclease and each DNA strand. Two of these phosphates are 5'-external to the Eco RI sequence, d(pNpGpApApTpTpC), suggesting involvement of outside phosphates in electrostatic interactions. Moreover, alkylation protection and interference effects on the two DNA strands display perfect 2-fold symmetry. Thus, the endonuclease interacts with a minimum of 10 nucleotide pairs to yield a DNA-protein complex characterized by elements of symmetry. In contrast, specific alkylation effects were not observed in comparable experiments with the endonuclease and a DNA which had been previously methylated by the Eco RI modification enzyme.
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PMID:DNA determinants important in sequence recognition by Eco RI endonuclease. 627 20

The nucleotide sequence of the simian virus 40 DNA segment that lies between the HindIII restriction endonuclease cleavage site at map position 0.324 and the AtuI cleavage site at 0.261 has been determined by the base-specific partial chemical degradation procedure of Maxam and Gilbert. This region comprises 335 base pairs and represents 6.4% of the total SV40 genome and 41% of the restriction fragment Hind-B. It connects in the clockwise direction to the restriction fragment Hind-I (described in the preceding paper). Hind-B is situated in the second half of the early transcription region of the SV40 genome and encodes information (including the termination signal) for the early protein large-T antigen. in the part of Hind-B described here, the DNA strand that has the same polarity as early 19-S mRNA defines only one open reading frame for translation; the other two are blocked by multiple triplets corresponding to termination codons. The open reading frame is part of one that runs throughout much of the early region: from the second splicing boundary of the large-T gene (position 0.534) to the information for the large-T stop signal (position 0.174) near the Hind-B/Hind-G junction, and which together with the non-contiguous DNA segment from position 0.65 (site of the information for the large-T start signal) to 0.69 (the first splicing boundary) codes for the entire large-T antigen.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of the Hind-I-proximal part of simian virus 40 HindII + III restriction fragment B (fifth part of the T antigen gene). 628 Sep 96

We report here the nucleotide sequence of the simian virus 40 DNA region that lies between the EcoRII restriction endonuclease cleavage sites at map positions 0.214 and 0.281. The sequence was determined by partial chemical degradation of terminally labeled DNA fragments according to the procedure of Maxam and Gilbert. This region represents 6.7% of the SV40 genome and is located in the middle of HindII + III restriction fragment B. It is expressed as part of the early 19-S messenger RNA, which codes for the large-T antigen protein. Only one open reading frame for translation can be deduced from the message strand of the DNA and this reading frame connects in phase with the one of both neighboring fragments. This publication is the last in a series of papers about the T-antigen gene, and several properties of this gene and its product are discussed. The non-randomness of codon usage is similar to that previously discussed for the late part of the genome. Moreover, it appears that the choice of a third letter can be determined by the nature of the following codon; some codons which start with a pyrimidine are almost never preceded by an adenosine and some ANN-type codons are almost never preceded by a guanosine.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of simian virus 40 DNA: structure of the middle segment of the HindII + III restriction fragment B (sixth part of the T antigen gene) and codon usage. 628 Sep 97

We describe the construction and characterization of a cDNA plasmid for one of the rat liver glutathione S-transferase subunits. Poly(A)-RNA isolated from rat livers was enriched for glutathione S-transferase mRNA activity and used as templates to synthesize double stranded cDNA. The double stranded cDNAs were annealed to pBR322 through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase generated GC-tails followed by transformation into E. coli. Several candidate clones were selected by colony hybridization using polynucleotide kinase labeled liver and testis poly(A)-RNA probes. These candidate clones were further characterized by hybrid-selected translation of mRNA followed by immunoprecipitation and SDS gel electrophoresis. The positive clone, pGTR112 was mapped with restriction endonuclease analysis and sequenced by the chemical method of Maxam and Gilbert. The largest upen reading frame contains 142 amino acids very rich in Arg and Lys residues. The C-terminal residue phenylalanine of this open reading frame is consistent with what was reported for one of the ligandin subunits by Bhargava et al., (J. Biol. Chem. 253, 4116-4119, 1978). Among the 352 nucleotides covered by both pGTR112 and pGST94 described by Kalinyak and Taylor (J. Biol. Chem. 257, 523-530, 1982), there are only 9 nucleotide differences resulting in four changes of amino acid sequences.
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PMID:Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA plasmid for one of the rat liver glutathione S-transferase subunits. 629 39

A homozygous a2/a2 and b4/b4 rabbit has been hyperimmunized with Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Poly(A)-containing RNA has been isolated from the spleen and translated in vitro, and translation products have been analyzed by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Double-stranded cDNA has been synthesized from poly(A)-containing RNA template and inserted in the Pst I endonuclease site of plasmid pBR322 by using the oligo(dC).oligo(dG) tailing procedure. Tetracycline-resistant ampicillin-sensitive clones containing cDNA complementary to a kappa light chain mRNA have been selected by differential screening and their ability to hybridize to a spleen mRNA having the same size as a mouse kappa light chain mRNA. Two clones, pRk-15 and pRk-32, have been selected to determine the nucleotide sequence of the constant and 3' untranslated regions of kappa light chain mRNA, by the Maxam and Gilbert partial degradation method. Comparison of homologous regions of mouse kappa chain mRNA and b4 rabbit kappa chain mRNA reveals 61% homology in the constant region and 59% homology in the 3' untranslated region.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of constant and 3' untranslated regions of a kappa immunoglobulin light chain mRNA of a homozygous b4 rabbit. 679 36

The relationship between purified transcription factor p50 binding and ultraviolet light-induced DNA damage formation in the NF-kappa B promoter element was investigated. The effect of bound transcription factor on cyclobutane dimer formation was quantified using Maxam-Gilbert analysis of irradiated substrate digested with T4 phage endonuclease V. Two methods were employed for cleaving (6-4) photoproducts. Sites of (6-4) photoproducts cleaved by piperidine showed a general suppression in the presence of bound p50 protein similar to that observed for cyclobutane dimers. In contrast to piperidine, digestion with ultraviolet damage endonuclease (UVDE) from Saccharomyces pombe subsequent to cyclobutane dimer reversal by photolyase displayed a broader spectrum of damaged sites. Whereas some of these sites were suppressed by bound p50 protein, some remained unaffected and one site showed increased (6-4) photoproduct induction. These data illustrate the advantage of UVDE over piperidine for studying (6-4) photoproducts at the sequence level and suggest that this approach may be useful for footprinting transcription factor binding in other promoters.
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PMID:Bound transcription factor suppresses photoproduct formation in the NF-kappa B promoter. 1120 59


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