Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
 18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The analysis of total protoscolex DNA and some rDNA recombinants of Echinococcus granulosus by restriction endonuclease mapping and hybridization to rDNA probes indicated the complex organization of the ribosomal RNA genes and that some repeat units are larger than 15 kb. The non-transcribed spacer can be up to 13 kb in length in some repeat units. 2. Restriction site polymorphism was detected mainly in the nontranscribed spacer regions although some polymorphism was also observed in the 28S rRNA coding region. 3. On the basis of Southern blot hybridization using EcoRI-digested genomic DNA, we conclude that the repeat units containing an extra EcoRI site are present almost in the same proportion as the repeat units without the extra EcoRI site in the 28S rRNA coding region.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of the ribosomal RNA genes of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. 168 58

A segment of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schistosoma mansoni and a DNA fragment specific to Echinococcus granulosus, cloned in plasmids, have been used as DNA probes to assess the extent of genetic variability within E. granulosus and some distinct strains have been identified. The DNA analysis, involving restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot hybridization with the probes, did not demonstrate any significant genetic variation within the U.K. horse/dog or sheep/dog strains but confirmed the distinctiveness of the two strains shown in previous studies. The sheep/dog strain was shown to be cosmopolitan in its distribution and fertile bovine material originating from the United Kingdom, Kenya, Spain and India conformed to this strain by DNA hybridization. In contrast, cattle isolates from Holland produced markedly different DNA hybridization banding profiles indicating that cattle can harbour more than one strain of E. granulosus. Similarly, it was shown that goats can harbour two different strains of E. granulosus, the sheep/dog strain and a form which infects camels. The strain of E. granulosus infecting equines in Spain and Ireland is genetically identical to that infecting horses in the United Kingdom. There is also a different strain infecting pigs in Poland and Yugoslavia. This pig/dog strain appears to be very similar genetically to the forms of E. granulosus which use camels and goats as intermediate hosts and is similar, though not identical, to the variant infecting Dutch cattle. It has been shown that E. granulosus material, fixed for a prolonged period in ethanol, or lyophilized, is amenable to DNA analysis and that it is possible to characterize the DNA of a single adult worm.
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PMID:Genetic heterogeneity within Echinococcus granulosus: isolates from different hosts and geographical areas characterized with DNA probes. 255 77

Total DNAs, isolated from a range of taeniid cestodes (Taenia solium, T. saginata, T. pisiformis, T. crassiceps, T. hydatigena, T. ovis, T. multiceps and T. taeniaeformis), have been subjected to restriction enzyme digestion, Southern transfer and hybridization analysis using cloned fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schistosoma mansoni. Substantial inter-specific genetic differences have been revealed on the basis of characteristic hybridization patterns for each of the taeniid cestode species. Furthermore, a random genomic DNA library has been constructed in the vector plasmid pAT153 using DNA extracted from a pig isolate (Indian origin) of T. solium. A panel of taeniid cestode DNAs including DNA from Echinococcus granulosus, has been used in conjunction with hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis to identify in the library a single recombinant plasmid with a T. solium-specific insert (coded pTS10) and two recombinant plasmids with T. solium inserts having selective specificities for T. solium and T. ovis (coded pTS17) and T. solium, T. saginata, T. ovis and T. multiceps (coded pTS28). These recombinant plasmids and the cloned fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of S. mansoni have been used in restriction endonuclease, Southern transfer and hybridization analysis to detect intra-specific genetic variation in cysticerci of T. solium from India, Mexico and Zimbabwe. In addition, pTS10 and pTS17 have been used in a simple dot-blot assay to distinguish T. solium from T. saginata.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of Taenia solium genomic DNA and characterization of taeniid cestodes by DNA analysis. 284 36

Cloned DNA fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schistosoma mansoni hybridise strongly to Echinococcus DNA following restriction endonuclease and Southern transfer analysis. Individuals within a strain of E. granulosus exhibit identical patterns of hybridisation. However, the hybridisation patterns show significant differences between E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, and between the horse and sheep strains of E. granulosus. This technique represents a powerful, additional method for the identification and characterisation of new isolates of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis.
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PMID:Identification of the Echinococcus (hydatid disease) organisms using cloned DNA markers. 299 90

A small, size selected (0.5-5.0 Kbp) genomic DNA library has been constructed in the bacterial plasmid pAT153 using DNA extracted from a human isolate (Kenyan origin) of the hydatid disease organism, Echinococcus granulosus. A panel of taeniid cestode DNAs has been used in conjunction with hybridization and restriction-enzyme analysis to identify in the library two recombinant plasmids with Echinococcus-specific inserts and a single recombinant plasmid (coded pEG18) with a DNA fragment unique for E. granulosus. These, and other recombinant plasmids with E. granulosus DNA inserts, have been used in restriction endonuclease, Southern transfer and hybridization analysis to independently and reproducibly discriminate between the UK horse and sheep strains of E. granulosus; these probes may well prove of value for characterizing isolates from other endemic areas. The feasibility of using a cloned DNA fragment as the basis of a simple field test for distinguishing eggs of E. granulosus from those of other taeniid cestodes is discussed. The recombinant insert (approximately 2.3 Kbp in size) of pEG18 has a low copy number - estimated at approximately 26 - and it may not be sufficiently sensitive for practical use as a DNA probe in the identification of small numbers of E. granulosus eggs by molecular hybridization.
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PMID:Genomic cloning of human Echinococcus granulosus DNA: isolation of recombinant plasmids and their use as genetic markers in strain characterization. 303 64

A fragment of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schistosoma mansoni pSM889 and two DNA fragments specific to Echinococcus granulosus pHD5 and pEG18 have been used as DNA probes to assess the extent of genetic variability within E. granulosus. The DNA analysis, including restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot hybridization with the probes, did not demonstrate any genetic variation among E. granulosus collected from sheep in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Ninxia. Similarly, there was no genetic variation among E. granulosus isolates collected from yak in Qinghai and Gansu provinces. The authors deemed that the yak isolates and the sheep isolates of E. granulosus appear to belong to a same strain.
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PMID:[RFLP analysis of DNA from Echinococcus granulosus collected from four provinces/autonomous region in China]. 790 4

Cloned DNA fragments pHD5, pSM889 and pEG18 have been used as DNA probes in the restriction endonuclease analysis and southern blot hybridization to characterize E. granulosus and E. multilocularis protoscolices from China. Southern blot hybridization method is sensitive, specific and has the advantage in identification over microscopic examination. The authors deem that it can be used in the base-line epidemiological survey and surveillance of hydatid disease to provide data for hydatid disease control.
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PMID:[Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis by DNA probe]. 816 43

DNA samples isolated from peripheral venous blood lymphocytes in 73 children with hydatid disease were studied. The polymorphism of exon 7 (A4889G) of the CYP1A1 gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by hydrolysis with restriction endonuclease HincII. The material for E. granulosus genotypes to be studied was obtained from the germinal layer of larvocysts. The fragment of the mitochondrial gene encoding for the first subunit of cytochome-C-oxidase was as a DNA marker. The amplified E. granulosus DNA fragments underwent direct sequencing and a genotype was identified. The findings have led to the conclusion that carriage of polymorphic allele Val of exon 7 (A4889G) of the CYP1A1 gene in those infested with E. granulosus genotype G1 (common, sheep strain) is a risk factor of the development of the clinical form of echinococcosis granulosus.
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PMID:[Associations of the genotypes of the CYP1A1 gene with predisposition to hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus strain G1]. 1881 24

The definitive identification of Echinococcus species is currently carried out by sequencing and phylogenetic strategies. However, the application of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) patterns is not broadly used as a result of heterogeneity traits of Echinococcus genome in different regions of the world. Therefore, designing and conducting a standardized pattern should indigenously be considered in under-studied areas. In this investigation, an in silico mapping was designed and developed for eight Echinococcus spp. on the basis of regional sequences in Iran and the world. The numbers of 60 Echinococcus isolates were collected from the liver and lungs of 15 human, 15 sheep, 15 cattle, and 15 camel cases in Semnan province, Central Iran. DNA samples were extracted and examined by polymerase chain reaction of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and PCR-RFLP via Rsa1 endonuclease enzyme. Moreover, 15 amplicons of cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) were directly sequenced in order to identify the strains/haplotypes. PCR-RFLP and phylogenetic analyses revealed firmly the presence of the G1 and G6 genotypes with heterogeneity (three novel haplotypes) of Cox1 gene although no other expected genotypes were found in the region. Finding shows that the identification of novel haplotypes along with discrimination of Echinococcus spp. through regional patterns can unambiguously illustrate the real taxonomic status of parasite in Central Iran.
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PMID:Designing and conducting in silico analysis for identifying of Echinococcus spp. with discrimination of novel haplotypes: an approach to better understanding of parasite taxonomic. 2564 7

The metacestode of Echinococcus shiquicus has been recorded previously in the lung and liver of its intermediate host, the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), but there is limited information regarding other organ sites. There is also limited evidence of intra-specific genetic variation within E. shiquicus. A PCR-amplified mitochondrial (mt) nad1 gene fragment (approximately 1400bp in size), with unique EcoRI and SspI restriction sites, was used to distinguish cysts or cyst-like lesions of E. shiquicus from E. multilocularis. Then, the complete mt nad1 and cox1 genes for the E. shiquicus isolates were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analyses for the isolates were then generated based on a concatenated dataset of the nad1 and cox1 genes using the neighbour-joining (NJ) method and TCS1.21 software. Nineteen of eighty trapped pikas were found to harbor cysts (71 in total) when dissected at the survey site. Seventeen animals had cysts (fertile) present only in the lungs, one animal had fertile cysts in the lungs and spleen, and one individual had an infertile kidney cyst. Restriction endonuclease analysis of a fragment of the nad1 gene indicated all the cysts were due to E. shiquicus. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the nad1 and cox1 genes varied by 0.1-1.2% and 0.1-1.0%, respectively. Haplotype network analysis of the concatenated nad1 and cox1 sequences of the isolates showed they were classified into at least 6 haplotypes, and different haplotype percentages ranged from 4.2% to 29.6%. Although, high haplotype diversity was evident in the study area, the complete nad1 and cox1 gene sequences obtained indicated that all samples represented isolates of E. shiquicus. The study has also provided a new PCR-restriction endonuclease-based method to rapidly distinguish E. shiquicus from E. multilocularis which provides a useful tool for epidemiological investigations where the two species overlap.
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PMID:Genetic diversity in Echinococcus shiquicus from the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) in Darlag County, Qinghai, China. 2728 70


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