Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.2 (endonuclease)
 18,621 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ocular problems characterized by conjunctivitis, epiphora, and keratopathy were detected in 35 of 80 Thoroughbred weanling foals that also had respiratory disease. Ocular problems were determined to be caused by infection with equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) and were successfully treated with ophthalmic medication containing idoxuridine. Equine herpesvirus type 2 isolated from 3 of 5 foals from which samples were collected. The identity of the causative virus as EHV-2 was confirmed by use of electron microscopy, restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprinting, and Southern blot analysis.
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PMID:Isolation of equine herpesvirus type 2 (equine gammaherpesvirus 2) from foals with keratoconjunctivitis. 792 14

An outbreak of adenovirus type 4 conjunctivitis occurred in South Australia between April and November 1992. Eye swabs were submitted by general practitioners and ophthalmologists who had seen patients with clinical conjunctivitis or keratitis. Apart from interfamilial spread, there were no other common epidemiological factors. Adenovirus was isolated from the eye swabs of 38 patients. Isolates were typed by neutralisation tests and restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns and found to be adenovirus type 4. This report serves to illustrate an infrequent cause of epidemic conjunctivitis, namely adenovirus type 4. There was no demonstrable focus of the outbreak.
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PMID:Outbreak of adenovirus type 4 conjunctivitis in South Australia. 810 66

Twenty-three patients were involved in an outbreak of adenovirus type 8 infection based at the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital in the spring of 1991. Confirmation of adenovirus infection was by means of the immune dot-blot test (IDBT) and virus culture, the latter, allowing serotype 8 to be identified as the cause. Epidemiological tracing and limited restriction endonuclease analysis of the virus isolated suggest that 15 patients contracted the infection within the Casualty Department following attendance for minor eye trauma, 10 being infected by the same junior doctor. Seven patients presented with an established adenovirus type 8 conjunctivitis at the first hospital visit and the source of their infection could not be identified. Laboratory confirmation of adenoviral involvement took an average of 5 days by IDBT, compared with 33 days by virus culture. Rapid identification of adenovirus by IDBT enabled early institution of control measures thereby limiting the size of the outbreak.
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PMID:The role of a rapid diagnostic test (adenovirus immune dot-blot) in the control of an outbreak of adenovirus type 8 keratoconjunctivitis. 825 18

Adenoviruses isolated over a period of 10 years from patients with conjunctivitis were typed by neutralisation test using reference sera and by restriction endonuclease fragment (REF) analysis. Adenoviruses were isolated from 516 of 10,232 patients tested (5.0%); 154 were identified as type 3, 153 as type 4, 70 as type 7, 17 as type 10 and 122 as other types. At any one time, several serotypes co-circulated. The prevalence of types varied. Type 4 was not isolated in the first 2 years and then gradually increased in incidence, becoming the most frequently isolated type after 1987. Two periods of increased isolation frequency occurred: firstly from May to August 1981, when 8-28% of patients per month were found to be adenovirus-positive, with serotype 3 being predominant; and secondly from January 1989 to August 1990, when 8-20% of patients per month were adenovirus-positive, predominantly with type 4. Analysis of REFs showed that several different genotypes exist within serotypes. These also co-circulated over long periods with intermittent changes of the predominant genotype. The prototype strain Ad3GB was isolated more frequently than five other Ad3 genotypes from 1981 to 1988, after which a variant strain Ad3a was most common.
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PMID:Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus conjunctivitis in Glasgow 1981-1991. 825 24

Twelve reference and four Northern Ireland ovine Chlamydia psittaci isolates including ovine abortion, faecal, conjunctivitis and arthritis isolates were compared. Inclusion morphology was shown to provide a useful means of differentiating the abortion and the non-abortion isolates studied. Identical SDS-PAGE polypeptide profiles were produced by the ovine abortion isolates. The polypeptide profiles of the non-abortion isolates were similar to one another and clearly distinct from the abortion isolate profiles. The restriction endonuclease profiles of the abortion isolates were remarkably similar whereas different profiles were produced by most of the non-abortion isolates. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared and characterized. A number of these reacted with all the isolates of chlamydia tested. Three mAbs reacted exclusively with the ovine abortion isolates while four mAbs reacted exclusively with a number of the faecal isolates.
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PMID:Comparison of ovine abortion and non-abortion isolates of Chlamydia psittaci using inclusion morphology, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, restriction endonuclease analysis and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. 836 94

Amphizoic small amoebic protozoa are capable of existing both in 'free-living' and in 'parasitic' form depending on the actual conditions. Two genera (Naegleria and Acanthamoeba) have become recognised as opportunist human parasites. Since the first description in 1965 of a lethal case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria, many more (mostly lethal) cases have been reported, while granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), as well as eye (keratinitis, conjunctivitis, etc.), ear, nose, skin and internal organ infections caused by Acanthamoeba have also occurred in rapidly increasing numbers. Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are found worldwide in water, soil and dust, where they provide a potential source of infection. Successful differential diagnosis and appropriate (specific) therapy depends on precise laboratory identification of the 'free-living' amoebae. In most cases, isolation from the environment can be achieved, but identification and differentiation of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains is not easy. The methods presently available do not fulfil completely the requirements for specificity, sensitivity and reliability. Morphological criteria are inadequate, while thermophilic character, pH dependency and even virulence in infected mice, are not unambiguous features of pathogenicity of the different strains. More promising are molecular methods, such as restriction endonuclease digestion of whole-cell DNA or mitochondrial DNA, as well as iso-enzyme profile analysis after iso-electric focusing and staining for acid phosphatase and propionyl esterase activity. Use of appropriate monoclonal antibodies has also yielded promising results in the differentiation of human pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. However, quicker, simpler, more specific and reliable methods are still highly desirable. The significance of endosymbiosis (especially with Legionella strains) is not well understood. The results of a systematic survey in Hungary for the isolation and identification of 'free-living' amoebae, including an investigation of the Hungarian amoebic fauna, the isolation of possibly pathogenic Naegleria strains and of some Acanthamoeba strains from eye diseases, as well as the finding of a case of endosymbiosis, are also reported here.
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PMID:Isolation, identification and increasing importance of 'free-living' amoebae causing human disease. 978 20

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to direct the amplification of a 670 to 680 base pair segment that included the hypervariable regions of the capsid protein gene of feline calicivirus (FCV). The segment was amplified from 13/13 cultivated FCV strains including 12 field isolates collected over 18 years. The sensitivities of culture and this RT-PCR for the detection of FCV in conjunctival swabs over the course of infection were then compared and correlated with clinical signs in 5 vaccinated and 3 unvaccinated experimentally-infected cats. Conjunctival swabs were taken daily from days 0 to 14 and on days 16, 19, 21 and 24 after challenge. FCV was detected in 19/144 swabs by RT-PCR and 16/144 swabs by culture. Virus detection correlated poorly with clinical signs regardless of the assay used. The Sau3AI restriction profiles of the RT-PCR products amplified from both cultivated strains and clinical samples were compared. All 13 cultivated isolates, including the 12 field isolates, exhibited different profiles, whereas all profiles from the experimentally-infected cats were identical, and matched the profile of the challenge/vaccine strain. This study has established that the RT-PCR assay described is as sensitive as culture for detection of FCV in conjunctival swabs, that a broad range of field isolates can be detected and rapidly differentiated by restriction endonuclease digestion, and that the assay thus meets the requirements for large scale epidemiological studies of FCV infections in cats. However, it has also shown that even the use of RT-PCR on conjunctival swabs alone is insufficient for accurate diagnosis of FCV infection in cats with conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Detection and strain differentiation of feline calicivirus in conjunctival swabs by RT-PCR of the hypervariable region of the capsid protein gene. 972 77

Adenovirus are important pathogen primarily associated to respiratory infections of children and military personnel, even though it is also associated to cases of conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. We analyzed respiratory secretion collected from subjects with and without respiratory infection symptoms, being 181 civilians and 221 military subjects. The samples were inoculated in HEp-2 and/or A549 tissue cultures for viral isolation. Samples presenting cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in any tissue culture were tested by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to confirm adenovirus isolation. The isolates confirmed as adenovirus were further analyzed by restriction endonuclease assay for determination of viral species. Three isolates were identified as specie A (two from civilian and one from military), one isolate from military was identified as specie C, and one isolate from civilian was identified as specie D. For two isolates the specie could not be identified.
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PMID:Adenoviruses isolated from civilian and military personnel in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1450 54

Severe infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been increasingly recognized in virtually all fields of veterinary medicine. Our objective was to study the occurrence, phylogenetic relationships and antimicrobial resistance properties of MRSA isolated from ocular surfaces of horses prior to invasive procedures. Within a 49-week sampling period, ocular swabs obtained from 46 eyes of 44 horses, including eyes with clinical signs of conjunctivitis/blepharitis, keratitis or uveitis were screened for the presence of S. aureus. As a result, seven samples were positive for S. aureus (15.2%), with six of them being classified as MRSA (13%). In addition, all isolates were resistant or showed reduced susceptibility to tetracyclines, the aminoglycosides gentamicin and kanamycin, fluoroquinolones, and the combination sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Since a very close relationship between the MRSA isolates was assumed after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis employing the restriction endonuclease ApaI, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to shed more light on the phylogenetic relationships and the molecular composition of all MRSA isolates. Analysis of WGS data revealed closely related MRSA belonging to sequence type 398, spa type t011 and dru type dt10q, harboring an SCCmec IV element and the Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island SaPIbov5. Moreover, all MRSA were positive for a beta-hemolysin converting phage carrying genes of the immune evasion cluster (IEC). Since cases of eye infections due to MRSA were often associated with fatal outcomes, more research is needed with respect to the origin of MRSA isolated from ocular surfaces to implement sufficient barrier and infection control measures.
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PMID:Occurrence and molecular composition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ocular surfaces of horses presented with ophthalmologic disease. 3008 Jun 62


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