Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.30.1 (S1 nuclease)
 3,660 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The differential and cell type specific expression of various murine IFN alpha genes and IFN beta was examined by S1 nuclease protection assays in M-CSF cultured C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow macrophages and L929 fibroblasts. In Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induced macrophages, IFN beta, alpha 2, alpha 4, and alpha 1 mRNAs were the predominant species, whereas IFN alpha 6 and alpha 9 transcripts accounted for only 5% of total IFN alpha mRNAs. In L929 cells, only IFN beta, alpha 2, and alpha 4 genes were expressed efficiently following NDV induction and IFN alpha 9 mRNA was always below detectable level. Induction of macrophages with the synthetic inducer 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone resulted in small amounts of IFN alpha 2, alpha 4, and alpha 6 mRNAs and the IFN beta mRNA level was about 100-fold higher. Macrophages and L929 cells especially differed in the kinetics of IFN gene induction in that macrophages showed a much earlier transient expression of all IFN mRNA species. Additionally, IFN transcripts were degraded much faster in macrophage cultures than in L929cells. The IFN response of macrophages is thus characterized by a highly efficient control, providing a rapid onset and a rapid decline of IFN production, which limits release of IFN to a short time interval.
 ...
PMID:Cell type specific expression and regulation of murine interferon alpha and beta genes. 259 29

Microglia rapidly respond to lipoplysaccharide (LPS) by transformation from resting to active states and secretion of several neuro- and immuno-regulators including tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). With longer LPS treatment, microglia are converted to reactive or phagocytic states with characteristics similar to macrophages in inflammation and injury processes. We have investigated LPS-mediated changes in two myristoylated substrates of protein kinase C (PKC): MARCKS (myristoylated alaninerich C kinase substrate) and MRP (MARCKS-related protein). Within 6 hours of addition, LPS induced a twofold increase in [3H]myristoylated and immunoreactive MARCKS protein and a sevenfold increase in MRP. The differential effect of LPS on expression of MRP vs. MARCKS was even more dramatic at the level of transcription: S1 nuclease protection assays revealed a 40-fold increase in MRP mRNA levels (maximum at 4-6 hours), whereas a threefold increase was observed for MARCKS. TNF alpha and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), two cytokines which are induced by LPS, did not reproduce the observed effect of LPS on MARCKS and MRP gene transcription. CSF-1 also induced differential transcription of MRP, but of lower magnitude (threefold) and more sustained than by LPS. Accordingly, these two substrates for PKC are differentially up-regulated by LPS, apparently independent of TNF alpha or CSF-1.
 ...
PMID:Lipopolysaccharide stimulates differential expression of myristoylated protein kinase C substrates in murine microglia. 872 62

Three transcripts from the terminal repeat of the channel catfish virus (CCV; also known as ictalurid herpesvirus 1) genome were mapped by S1 nuclease and primer extension analyses as well as by cDNA sequencing. These transcripts, TR3, TR5/6, and TR6, are encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 3, ORFs 5 and 6, and ORF 6, respectively, and correspond to those previously identified by sequence analysis (A. J. Davison, Virology 186:9-14, 1992). ORF 5 has previously been determined to encode thymidine kinase, but ORF 3 and ORF 6 encode proteins of unknown function. Although all three transcripts accumulate to high levels in cells infected in the presence of cycloheximide, kinetic analysis demonstrates that TR5/6 and TR6 are either early or late transcripts that leak through the cycloheximide block. In addition, two transcripts from the terminal repeat of the CCV genome that were mapped previously and were thought to be immediate-early in character, TR8a/9 and TR9, exhibit kinetics characteristic of early or late transcripts. TR3 is an immediate-early transcript that appears to have a very short half-life. In the 3' untranslated region of TR3, there are three copies of an AU-rich element which has previously been shown to be involved in destabilization of the oncogene c-fos and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNAs. mRNA destabilization may represent another mechanism by which herpesviruses regulate the rapid switch in expression from immediate-early genes to early genes during the transition to the early phase of infection.
 ...
PMID:Expression kinetics and mapping of the thymidine kinase transcript and an immediate-early transcript from channel catfish virus. 955 75