Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.1 (S1 nuclease)
 3,660 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Changes in the levels of ileal insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) mRNA in the rat following massive small bowel resection (MSBR) have been investigated with a sensitive S1 nuclease assay. IGF-I mRNA levels vary little over 7 days; in contrast IGFBP-3 mRNA levels decreased to one-third 7 h post-MSBR, and remained suppressed for the length of this study. We postulate that decreased ileal synthesis of IGFBP-3 enhances the ability of IGF-I to stimulate the adaptive response.
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PMID:Divergent ileal IGF-I and IGFBP-3 gene expression after small bowel resection: a novel mechanism to amplify IGF action? 137 73

Human genomic clones encompassing the tissue specific expressed gene IBP-1, an insulin-like growth factor binding protein were isolated and characterized. The gene is organized in four exons and spans 5.9 kb. S1 nuclease analysis determined a single transcription start site. The first exon and 5' flanking region are highly GC rich and located in a CpG island. The CpG island enclose the CAAT box, the TATA box, the transcription start site and a potential SP1 transcription factor binding site. The presumptive promoter region is characteristic for genes expressed in a tissue specific fashion. All signals required for cleavage/polyadenylation are located within exon IV, predicting a mRNA of 1.5 kb which is consistent with the size seen on RNA blots.
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PMID:Organization of the gene encoding the insulin-like growth factor binding protein IBP-1. 284 45

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is a mitogenic polypeptide that is thought to play a role in fetal growth and development. To study the hormonal and developmental regulation of IGF-II gene expression, we have isolated a cDNA clone for rat IGF-II (rIGF-II) from a 12S [1.2-kilobase-pair (kbp)] fraction of mRNA from a rat liver cell line (BRL-3A) that directs the cell-free synthesis of pre-pro-rIGF-II. In the present study, the rIGF-II probe was used to determine the size of IGF-II RNA. Surprisingly, in BRL-3A cells and in neonatal liver, the probe hybridized under stringent conditions 10-20 times more strongly to a larger (4 kbp) RNA than to 1.2-kbp RNA. The 4-kbp RNA is almost exclusively cytoplasmic and is colinear with a 551-base fragment of the rIGF-II cDNA insert containing coding and 3' noncoding regions. The 4-kbp and 1.2-kbp RNA species are regulated coordinately with developmental age, being high in liver from neonatal rats but not detectable in liver from older animals, suggesting that both IGF-II mRNA species arise from a single primary transcript by alternative RNA processing. Although oligodeoxynucleotide hybridization and S1 nuclease protection experiments suggest that the 4-kbp RNA contains an intact protein-coding region, fractions enriched in 4-kbp RNA do not direct the translation of pre-pro-rIGF-II in vitro. This may indicate that the 4-kbp RNA specifies an altered protein product that has not yet been recognized, or alternatively that it contains a normal protein-coding region but requires further RNA processing to be activated for translation.
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PMID:Coordinate developmental regulation of high and low molecular weight mRNAs for rat insulin-like growth factor II. 345 86

We have identified a novel antisense RNA transcribed from the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) locus in mouse. This transcript was identified using probes derived from cloned genomic DNA lying between the insulin II locus and the IGF-II locus. S1 protection assays confirmed that this transcript is transcribed from the strand complementary to the stand encoding IGF-II. A 3.75 kb RNA was consistently detected on northern analysis of mouse tissue using different randomly primed DNA probes generated from this region. S1 nuclease protection analysis identified three exons contained in the transcript. Developmental northern analysis was performed using RNA from embryonic (E) and postnatal (P) tissues of E10, E13, E18, P1, P4, P10, and adult mice. The antisense RNA was most abundant in E13 and E18 mouse and was present in greatest amounts in skull, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and placenta. No signal for this RNA was detected after the fourth day of life in any tissue studied.
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PMID:Identification of an antisense transcript from the IGF-II locus in mouse. 839 18

Fatty acid transport protein (FATP) was identified by expression cloning strategies (Schaffer, J. E., and Lodish, H. F. (1994) Cell 79, 427-436) and shown by transfection analysis to catalyze the transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane of cells. It is expressed highly in tissues exhibiting rapid fatty acid metabolism such as skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose. FATP mRNA levels are down-regulated by insulin in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes and up-regulated by nutrient depletion in murine adipose tissue (Man, M. Z., Hui, T. Y., Schaffer, J. E., Lodish, H. F., and Bernlohr, D. A. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10, 1021-1028). To determine the molecular mechanism of insulin regulation of FATP transcription, we have isolated the murine FATP gene and its 5'-flanking sequences. The FATP gene spans approximately 16 kilobases and contains 13 exons, of which exon 2 is alternatively spliced. S1 nuclease and RNase protection assays revealed the presence of multiple transcription start sites; the DNA sequence upstream of the predominant transcription start sites lacks a typical TATA box. By transient transfection assays in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the inhibitory action of insulin on FATP transcription was localized to a cis-acting element with the sequence 5'-TGTTTTC-3' from -1347 to -1353. This sequence is very similar to the insulin response sequence found in the regulatory region of other genes negatively regulated by insulin such as those encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, tyrosine aminotransferase, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the murine FATP gene is localized to chromosome 8, band 8B3.3. Interestingly, this region of chromosome 8 contains a cluster of three other genes important for fatty acid homeostasis, lipoprotein lipase, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. These results characterize the murine FATP gene and its insulin responsiveness as well as present a framework for future studies of its role in lipid metabolism, obesity, and type II diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Characterization of the murine fatty acid transport protein gene and its insulin response sequence. 976 71

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 (IGFBP6), an extracellular protein with preferential affinity for insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II, belongs to a family of binding proteins with at least six members. We have characterized the genomic structure and the chromosomal location of the human IGFBP6, which is present in the human genome as a single-copy gene spanning 4.7 kb. It consists of four exons, encoding the translated regions, with sizes of 334, 146, 120, and 123 bp, while the intervening introns are 2661, 182, and 844 bp. Three mRNA cap sites were localized 101, 100, and 96 bp upstream of the ATG translation start codon as determined by S1 nuclease analysis. The proximal 5'-flanking region does not have any TATA or CAAT consensus sequences. The IGFBP6 was localized to Chr 12 by analysis of somatic cell hybrids and regionalized to 12q13 by fluorescence DNA in situ hybridization.
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PMID:Characterization and chromosomal localization of the human insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 gene. 1008 96