Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.30.1 (S1 nuclease)
 3,660 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genes for urea cycle enzymes including liver-type arginase are expressed mainly in the liver and are regulated developmentally, nutritionally, and hormonally in a coordinated manner. The promoter region of the rat arginase gene was investigated with an in vitro transcription system using nuclear extracts prepared from rat tissues. Accurate initiation of the transcription in liver nuclear extracts was confirmed by runoff analysis and S1 nuclease mapping. The arginase promoter was transcribed more efficiently in liver nuclear extracts than in brain extracts, reproducing the in vivo tissue specificity qualitatively. Analysis of deletion mutants of the 5'-flanking region in liver nuclear extracts revealed a positive regulatory region spanning nucleotides -90 to -51 relative to the transcription start site. Overlapping this region, two protected areas were detected by DNase I footprinting. Competition analysis with synthetic oligonucleotides showed that the more downstream protected area was occupied, in a mutually exclusive manner, by two factors each related to CTF/NF-1 and Sp1. The other more upstream protected area was recognized by a factor related to the liver-enriched transcription factor C/EBP, which was recently shown to interact with regulatory regions of two other urea cycle enzyme genes.
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PMID:In vitro analysis of the rat liver-type arginase promoter. 202 18

The gene for human liver-type arginase (EC 3.5.3.1), a urea cycle enzyme, was cloned and the structure was determined. This gene is 11.5 kilobases long and is split into 8 exons. The cap site was determined by nuclease S1 mapping and primer extension. A "TATA box"-like sequence is located 28 bases upstream from the cap site, and a sequence similar to the binding sites of the transcription factor CTF/NF1, a "CAAT box"-binding protein, is located 72 bases upstream. In the 5' end region, sequences resembling the glucocorticoid responsive elements, the cAMP responsive elements, and the enhancer core sequences are present. The immediately 5' flanking region of the human gene up to position -105 is 84% identical with the corresponding segment of the rat gene. In this region of the human gene, one DNase I-protected area and several hypersensitive cleavage sites were detected by footprint analysis, using nuclear extracts from the rat liver. The protected area contains the sequence similar to the binding sites of CTF/NF1 and also overlaps with the sequence resembling the glucocorticoid responsive elements.
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PMID:Human liver-type arginase gene: structure of the gene and analysis of the promoter region. 317 33